diff --git a/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen.rs b/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen.rs
index 5dbc1dda24..5bdda3cdb9 100644
--- a/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen.rs
+++ b/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ mod ir;
 mod metadata;
 pub(crate) use classify::*;
 use entries::entries_tokens;
+use ir::{LazyBinding, ValueBinding};
 use metadata::generate_node_input_references;
 
 static NODE_ID: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
@@ -886,39 +887,7 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_node_impl(crate_ident: &CrateIdent, parsed: &ParsedNodeFn
 
 	let routing_source = |ty: &Type| matches!((&routing, ty), (Some(routing), Type::Path(path)) if path.path.get_ident() == Some(&routing.generic));
 
-	let field_role = |index: usize, field: &ParsedField| match &field.ty {
-		ParsedFieldType::Regular(RegularParsedField { ty, lend, .. }) => {
-			if record.is_some() && !skips_carrier && index == 0 {
-				InputRole::RecordCarrier
-			} else if carrier_flip && index == 0 {
-				InputRole::FlipCarrier
-			} else if flip && lend.is_some() {
-				InputRole::LendBorrow
-			} else if record.is_some() && !field.attribute_reads.is_empty() {
-				InputRole::ReadingSecondary
-			} else if flip || (routing.is_some() && !routing_source(ty)) {
-				InputRole::RecordValue
-			} else {
-				InputRole::PlainValue
-			}
-		}
-		ParsedFieldType::Node(NodeParsedField { output_type, .. }) => {
-			if derive_routing && routing_source(output_type) {
-				InputRole::DeriveRoutingSource
-			} else if flip && raw_lazy {
-				InputRole::FlipRawLazyEdge
-			} else if flip {
-				InputRole::FlipLazy
-			} else if opaque && raw_lazy && is_record_value(output_type) {
-				InputRole::OpaqueRecordEdge
-			} else if raw_lazy {
-				InputRole::RawLazy
-			} else {
-				InputRole::Lazy
-			}
-		}
-	};
-	let roles: Vec<InputRole> = regular_fields.iter().enumerate().map(|(index, field)| field_role(index, field)).collect();
+	let node = crate::codegen::ir::build(parsed);
 
 	let lazy_read_out = |field: &ParsedField, output_type: &Type| {
 		let attr_tys = field.attribute_reads.iter().map(|read| {
@@ -950,26 +919,25 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_node_impl(crate_ident: &CrateIdent, parsed: &ParsedNodeFn
 				ParsedFieldType::Regular(RegularParsedField { ty, .. }) => quote!(#pat: #ty),
 				ParsedFieldType::Node(NodeParsedField { output_type, .. }) => {
 					let source_generic = format_ident!("__Source{index}");
-					match roles[index] {
-						InputRole::DeriveRoutingSource => quote!(#pat: #core_types::record::RecordLazyInput<'_, '__record, #source_generic>),
-						InputRole::OpaqueRecordEdge => quote!(#pat: &#core_types::record::RecordEdgeInput<'_, #source_generic>),
-						InputRole::FlipRawLazyEdge => {
+					match (ir::lazy_binding(&node, index), raw_lazy) {
+						(LazyBinding::DeriveRouting, _) => quote!(#pat: #core_types::record::RecordLazyInput<'_, '__record, #source_generic>),
+						(LazyBinding::OpaqueRecord, _) => quote!(#pat: &#core_types::record::RecordEdgeInput<'_, #source_generic>),
+						(LazyBinding::Element, true) => {
 							let out = lazy_read_out(field, output_type);
 							quote!(#pat: &#core_types::record::ElementEdge<'_, #out, #source_generic>)
 						}
-						InputRole::FlipLazy => {
+						(LazyBinding::Element, false) => {
 							let out = lazy_read_out(field, output_type);
 							quote!(#pat: #core_types::record::ElementLazyInput<'_, #out, #source_generic>)
 						}
-						InputRole::RawLazy => {
+						(LazyBinding::Plain, true) => {
 							let bound = lazy_bound(output_type);
 							quote!(#pat: &impl #bound)
 						}
-						InputRole::Lazy => {
+						(LazyBinding::Plain, false) => {
 							let bound = lazy_bound(output_type);
 							quote!(#pat: #core_types::node::LazyInput<'_, impl #bound>)
 						}
-						_ => unreachable!("value role on a lazy input"),
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -1078,111 +1046,103 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_node_impl(crate_ident: &CrateIdent, parsed: &ParsedNodeFn
 
 	let bind_body = |index: usize, field: &ParsedField| {
 		let name = &field.pat_ident.ident;
-		let regular_ty = || match &field.ty {
-			ParsedFieldType::Regular(RegularParsedField { ty, .. }) => ty.clone(),
-			_ => unreachable!("value role on a lazy input"),
-		};
-		let node_output = || match &field.ty {
-			ParsedFieldType::Node(NodeParsedField { output_type, .. }) => output_type.clone(),
-			_ => unreachable!("lazy role on a value input"),
-		};
-		match roles[index] {
-			// A carrier primary evaluates beyond the node's own frame (in the
-			// record/flip tail), and a raw poll edge is threaded straight through,
-			// so none bind here.
-			InputRole::RecordCarrier | InputRole::FlipCarrier | InputRole::RawLazy => quote!(),
-			// A reading secondary input claims a record edge: the element and
-			// the declared reads copy out right after its eval, before any
-			// later sibling eval can reuse the record stack.
-			InputRole::ReadingSecondary => {
-				let ty = regular_ty();
-				let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
-				let rec_local = format_ident!("__rec_{index}");
-				let bindings: Vec<TokenStream2> = reads_of(index).into_iter().map(|(slot, read)| read_binding(slot, read, quote!(#rec_local))).collect();
-				quote! {
+		match &field.ty {
+			ParsedFieldType::Regular(RegularParsedField { ty, .. }) => match ir::value_binding(&node, index) {
+				// A carrier primary evaluates beyond the node's own frame (in the
+				// record/flip tail), so it does not bind here.
+				ValueBinding::Carrier => quote!(),
+				// A reading secondary input claims a record edge: the element and
+				// the declared reads copy out right after its eval, before any
+				// later sibling eval can reuse the record stack.
+				ValueBinding::ReadingSecondary => {
+					let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
+					let rec_local = format_ident!("__rec_{index}");
+					let bindings: Vec<TokenStream2> = reads_of(index).into_iter().map(|(slot, read)| read_binding(slot, read, quote!(#rec_local))).collect();
+					quote! {
+						let #name = match __cell.eval_input(#index, &self.#name, __input) {
+							Ok(value) => value,
+							Err(interrupt) => return interrupt.into(),
+						};
+						let #rec_local = self.#slot.rec(&#name);
+						#(#bindings)*
+						let #name: #ty = unsafe { #core_types::record::read_element(#rec_local) };
+					}
+				}
+				// The lend input's frame survives on the record stack until this
+				// node's frame is reclaimed, so the borrow stays valid in place.
+				ValueBinding::Lend => {
+					let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
+					let record_local = format_ident!("__record_{index}");
+					quote! {
+						let #record_local = match __cell.eval_input(#index, &self.#name, __input) {
+							Ok(value) => value,
+							Err(interrupt) => return interrupt.into(),
+						};
+						let #name = unsafe { #core_types::record::borrow_element::<#ty>(self.#slot.rec(&#record_local)) };
+					}
+				}
+				// A flip value or a routing non-source value rides a record edge; the
+				// element copies out into `name`. The mark/rewind that reclaims the
+				// record's frame is applied by the step lowering (see `reads_out`).
+				ValueBinding::RecordElement => {
+					let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
+					quote! {
+						let #name = match __cell.eval_input(#index, &self.#name, __input) {
+							Ok(value) => value,
+							Err(interrupt) => return interrupt.into(),
+						};
+						let #name: #ty = unsafe { #core_types::record::read_element(self.#slot.rec(&#name)) };
+					}
+				}
+				ValueBinding::Plain => quote! {
 					let #name = match __cell.eval_input(#index, &self.#name, __input) {
 						Ok(value) => value,
 						Err(interrupt) => return interrupt.into(),
 					};
-					let #rec_local = self.#slot.rec(&#name);
-					#(#bindings)*
-					let #name: #ty = unsafe { #core_types::record::read_element(#rec_local) };
-				}
-			}
-			// The lend input's frame survives on the record stack until this
-			// node's frame is reclaimed, so the borrow stays valid in place.
-			InputRole::LendBorrow => {
-				let ty = regular_ty();
-				let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
-				let record_local = format_ident!("__record_{index}");
-				quote! {
-					let #record_local = match __cell.eval_input(#index, &self.#name, __input) {
-						Ok(value) => value,
-						Err(interrupt) => return interrupt.into(),
-					};
-					let #name = unsafe { #core_types::record::borrow_element::<#ty>(self.#slot.rec(&#record_local)) };
-				}
-			}
-			// A flip value or a routing non-source value rides a record edge; the
-			// element copies out into `name`. The mark/rewind that reclaims the
-			// record's frame is applied by the step lowering (see `reads_out`).
-			InputRole::RecordValue => {
-				let ty = regular_ty();
-				let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
-				quote! {
-					let #name = match __cell.eval_input(#index, &self.#name, __input) {
-						Ok(value) => value,
-						Err(interrupt) => return interrupt.into(),
-					};
-					let #name: #ty = unsafe { #core_types::record::read_element(self.#slot.rec(&#name)) };
-				}
-			}
-			InputRole::PlainValue => quote! {
-				let #name = match __cell.eval_input(#index, &self.#name, __input) {
-					Ok(value) => value,
-					Err(interrupt) => return interrupt.into(),
-				};
+				},
 			},
-			InputRole::DeriveRoutingSource => quote! {
-				let #name = #core_types::record::RecordLazyInput::new(&self.#name, &__cell, #index);
-			},
-			InputRole::FlipRawLazyEdge => {
-				let output_type = node_output();
-				let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
-				match field.attribute_reads.is_empty() {
-					true => quote! {
-						let #name = #core_types::record::ElementEdge::<#output_type, _>::new(&self.#name, &self.#slot);
-					},
-					false => {
-						let arr = format_ident!("__reads_{index}");
-						let read_fn = format_ident!("__{}_read_{}", fn_name, index);
-						quote! {
-							let #name = #core_types::record::ElementEdge::with_reads(&self.#name, &self.#slot, &self.#arr, self::#read_fn);
+			ParsedFieldType::Node(NodeParsedField { output_type, .. }) => match (ir::lazy_binding(&node, index), raw_lazy) {
+				// A raw poll edge is threaded straight through, so it does not bind here.
+				(LazyBinding::Plain, true) => quote!(),
+				(LazyBinding::DeriveRouting, _) => quote! {
+					let #name = #core_types::record::RecordLazyInput::new(&self.#name, &__cell, #index);
+				},
+				(LazyBinding::Element, true) => {
+					let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
+					match field.attribute_reads.is_empty() {
+						true => quote! {
+							let #name = #core_types::record::ElementEdge::<#output_type, _>::new(&self.#name, &self.#slot);
+						},
+						false => {
+							let arr = format_ident!("__reads_{index}");
+							let read_fn = format_ident!("__{}_read_{}", fn_name, index);
+							quote! {
+								let #name = #core_types::record::ElementEdge::with_reads(&self.#name, &self.#slot, &self.#arr, self::#read_fn);
+							}
 						}
 					}
 				}
-			}
-			InputRole::FlipLazy => {
-				let output_type = node_output();
-				let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
-				match field.attribute_reads.is_empty() {
-					true => quote! {
-						let #name = #core_types::record::ElementLazyInput::<#output_type, _>::new(&self.#name, &__cell, #index, &self.#slot);
-					},
-					false => {
-						let arr = format_ident!("__reads_{index}");
-						let read_fn = format_ident!("__{}_read_{}", fn_name, index);
-						quote! {
-							let #name = #core_types::record::ElementLazyInput::with_reads(&self.#name, &__cell, #index, &self.#slot, &self.#arr, self::#read_fn);
+				(LazyBinding::Element, false) => {
+					let slot = format_ident!("__in_{index}");
+					match field.attribute_reads.is_empty() {
+						true => quote! {
+							let #name = #core_types::record::ElementLazyInput::<#output_type, _>::new(&self.#name, &__cell, #index, &self.#slot);
+						},
+						false => {
+							let arr = format_ident!("__reads_{index}");
+							let read_fn = format_ident!("__{}_read_{}", fn_name, index);
+							quote! {
+								let #name = #core_types::record::ElementLazyInput::with_reads(&self.#name, &__cell, #index, &self.#slot, &self.#arr, self::#read_fn);
+							}
 						}
 					}
 				}
-			}
-			InputRole::OpaqueRecordEdge => quote! {
-				let #name = #core_types::record::RecordEdgeInput::new(&self.#name, &self.__layout);
-			},
-			InputRole::Lazy => quote! {
-				let #name = #core_types::node::LazyInput::new(&self.#name, &__cell, #index);
+				(LazyBinding::OpaqueRecord, _) => quote! {
+					let #name = #core_types::record::RecordEdgeInput::new(&self.#name, &self.__layout);
+				},
+				(LazyBinding::Plain, false) => quote! {
+					let #name = #core_types::node::LazyInput::new(&self.#name, &__cell, #index);
+				},
 			},
 		}
 	};
@@ -1209,9 +1169,9 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_node_impl(crate_ident: &CrateIdent, parsed: &ParsedNodeFn
 			// evaluated value.
 			ParsedFieldType::Regular(RegularParsedField { lend: Some(_), .. }) if !flip => quote!(&#name),
 			ParsedFieldType::Regular(_) => quote!(#name),
-			ParsedFieldType::Node(_) => match roles[index] {
-				InputRole::FlipRawLazyEdge | InputRole::OpaqueRecordEdge => quote!(&#name),
-				InputRole::RawLazy => quote!(&self.#name),
+			ParsedFieldType::Node(_) => match (ir::lazy_binding(&node, index), raw_lazy) {
+				(LazyBinding::Element, true) | (LazyBinding::OpaqueRecord, _) => quote!(&#name),
+				(LazyBinding::Plain, true) => quote!(&self.#name),
 				_ => quote!(#name),
 			},
 		}
@@ -1869,7 +1829,8 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_node_impl(crate_ident: &CrateIdent, parsed: &ParsedNodeFn
 	let eval_body = eval_steps.iter().map(|step| match step {
 		EvalStep::Bind(index, field) => {
 			let body = bind_body(*index, field);
-			match roles[*index].reads_out() {
+			let reads_out = matches!(&field.ty, ParsedFieldType::Regular(_)) && ir::value_binding(&node, *index).reads_out();
+			match reads_out {
 				false => body,
 				true => {
 					let mark = format_ident!("__mark_{index}");
diff --git a/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen/classify.rs b/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen/classify.rs
index d1c3ca97ad..1f6e559daf 100644
--- a/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen/classify.rs
+++ b/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen/classify.rs
@@ -100,36 +100,6 @@ pub(crate) fn analyze(parsed: &ParsedNodeFn) -> Option<NodeModel> {
 	Some(NodeModel { class, dialect: dialect(parsed) })
 }
 
-/// The per-field binding role, resolved once per regular field from the node
-/// class and field shape. Drives the eval bindings and the lazy-edge input
-/// types. The `lend` and `reads` axes stay field properties the value arms of
-/// `kernel_params`/`call_args`/`value_args` consult, since they cross roles.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub(crate) enum InputRole {
-	RecordCarrier,
-	FlipCarrier,
-	ReadingSecondary,
-	LendBorrow,
-	RecordValue,
-	PlainValue,
-	DeriveRoutingSource,
-	OpaqueRecordEdge,
-	FlipRawLazyEdge,
-	FlipLazy,
-	RawLazy,
-	Lazy,
-}
-
-impl InputRole {
-	/// A role that copies an element out of a record edge, so its record frame
-	/// must be reclaimed after the read. The step lowering wraps such a bind in
-	/// `mark`/`rewind`, making the stack discipline structural rather than
-	/// hand-threaded through each read-out arm.
-	pub(crate) fn reads_out(self) -> bool {
-		matches!(self, InputRole::ReadingSecondary | InputRole::RecordValue)
-	}
-}
-
 /// The tail form of a node's eval, selected from its class and dialect: forward
 /// the kernel's own record, assemble a record (io or flip carrier), or spawn a
 /// source and lift its completion.
diff --git a/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen/ir.rs b/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen/ir.rs
index d79172bea3..7e19aa91c2 100644
--- a/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen/ir.rs
+++ b/node-graph/node-macro/src/codegen/ir.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,18 @@ pub(crate) fn build(parsed: &ParsedNodeFn) -> Node {
 		output: output(parsed, &generic_idents),
 		generics,
 		effect: effect(parsed),
+		derives: derives(parsed),
 	}
 }
 
+fn derives(parsed: &ParsedNodeFn) -> bool {
+	context_param(parsed).is_some_and(|ctx| {
+		ctx.bounds
+			.iter()
+			.any(|bound| matches!(bound, TypeParamBound::Trait(trait_bound) if trait_bound.path.segments.last().is_some_and(|segment| segment.ident == "DeriveCtx")))
+	})
+}
+
 fn generics(parsed: &ParsedNodeFn) -> Vec<Generic> {
 	let ctx = context_param(parsed).map(|param| param.ident.clone());
 	parsed
@@ -55,6 +64,7 @@ fn inputs(parsed: &ParsedNodeFn, fields: &[&ParsedField], generics: &[Ident]) ->
 				evaluation,
 				shape: item_shape(field_element_type(field), &field.attribute_reads, generics),
 				subject: subject(index, field, carrier_subject, routing.as_ref()),
+				lend: matches!(&field.ty, ParsedFieldType::Regular(RegularParsedField { lend: Some(_), .. })),
 			}
 		})
 		.collect()
@@ -172,7 +182,7 @@ fn ilist_inner(ty: &Type) -> Option<Type> {
 pub(crate) fn layout_meta_tokens(node: &Node, element_spec: TokenStream2, core_types: &TokenStream2) -> TokenStream2 {
 	let sources = node.inputs.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, input)| input.subject).map(|(index, _)| index as u8);
 	let reads = node.inputs.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(index, input)| {
-		(!input.shape.attrs.is_empty()).then(|| {
+		(matches!(input.evaluation, Evaluation::Eager) && !input.shape.attrs.is_empty()).then(|| {
 			let descs = field_writes(&input.shape.attrs, core_types);
 			let index = index as u8;
 			quote!(#core_types::record::InputReads { input: #index, reads: ::std::vec![#(#descs),*] })
@@ -213,6 +223,94 @@ fn level_delta(node: &Node) -> i8 {
 	node.output.shape.depth as i8 - subject_depth
 }
 
+/// How an eager value input binds in eval.
+pub(crate) enum ValueBinding {
+	Carrier,
+	Lend,
+	ReadingSecondary,
+	RecordElement,
+	Plain,
+}
+
+/// How a lazy (`impl Node`) input binds in eval. The `Poll` effect further
+/// selects the borrowed vs `__cell`-driven form within `Element`/`Plain`.
+pub(crate) enum LazyBinding {
+	Element,
+	Plain,
+	DeriveRouting,
+	OpaqueRecord,
+}
+
+impl ValueBinding {
+	/// Copies an element out of a record edge, so the frame is reclaimed after.
+	pub(crate) fn reads_out(&self) -> bool {
+		matches!(self, ValueBinding::ReadingSecondary | ValueBinding::RecordElement)
+	}
+}
+
+enum NodeKind {
+	Flip,
+	RecordIo,
+	Routing,
+	Opaque,
+}
+
+fn node_kind(node: &Node) -> NodeKind {
+	if matches!(node.output.shape.element, Element::Opaque) {
+		NodeKind::Opaque
+	} else if has_attr_io(node) {
+		NodeKind::RecordIo
+	} else if is_routing(node) {
+		NodeKind::Routing
+	} else {
+		NodeKind::Flip
+	}
+}
+
+/// Routing forwards an unbounded generic from a source whole; a bounded generic
+/// or one transformed into a different output type works on the element and flips.
+fn is_routing(node: &Node) -> bool {
+	let Element::Generic(output) = &node.output.shape.element else { return false };
+	node.monomorphizations.is_empty()
+		&& node.generics.iter().any(|generic| &generic.ident == output && generic.bounds.is_empty())
+		&& node.inputs.iter().any(|input| input.subject && matches!(&input.shape.element, Element::Generic(generic) if generic == output))
+}
+
+fn has_attr_io(node: &Node) -> bool {
+	// Reads on lazy inputs ride the flip; only eager reads make a record-io node.
+	node.inputs.iter().any(|input| matches!(input.evaluation, Evaluation::Eager) && !input.shape.attrs.is_empty()) || !node.output.shape.attrs.is_empty() || !node.output.removes.is_empty()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn value_binding(node: &Node, index: usize) -> ValueBinding {
+	let input = &node.inputs[index];
+	let kind = node_kind(node);
+	if matches!(kind, NodeKind::RecordIo | NodeKind::Flip) && index == 0 && input.subject {
+		ValueBinding::Carrier
+	} else if matches!(kind, NodeKind::Flip) && input.lend {
+		ValueBinding::Lend
+	} else if matches!(kind, NodeKind::RecordIo) && !input.shape.attrs.is_empty() {
+		ValueBinding::ReadingSecondary
+	} else if matches!(kind, NodeKind::Flip) || (matches!(kind, NodeKind::Routing) && !input.subject) {
+		ValueBinding::RecordElement
+	} else {
+		ValueBinding::Plain
+	}
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn lazy_binding(node: &Node, index: usize) -> LazyBinding {
+	let input = &node.inputs[index];
+	let kind = node_kind(node);
+	if node.derives && matches!(kind, NodeKind::Routing) && input.subject {
+		LazyBinding::DeriveRouting
+	} else if matches!(kind, NodeKind::Flip) {
+		LazyBinding::Element
+	} else if matches!(input.shape.element, Element::Opaque) {
+		LazyBinding::OpaqueRecord
+	} else {
+		LazyBinding::Plain
+	}
+}
+
 pub(crate) struct Node {
 	pub(crate) kernel: Kernel,
 	pub(crate) generics: Vec<Generic>,
@@ -221,6 +319,8 @@ pub(crate) struct Node {
 	pub(crate) inputs: Vec<Input>,
 	pub(crate) output: Output,
 	pub(crate) effect: Effect,
+	/// The context is derived (a `DeriveCtx` bound), so routing sources rebind it.
+	pub(crate) derives: bool,
 }
 
 /// The kernel fn the node wraps.
@@ -244,6 +344,8 @@ pub(crate) struct Input {
 	pub(crate) shape: ItemShape,
 	/// This input's layout folds into the output.
 	pub(crate) subject: bool,
+	/// Written `&T`; the kernel borrows the evaluated element.
+	pub(crate) lend: bool,
 }
 
 /// `Lazy` = `impl Node<..>`, the kernel drives it.
@@ -288,7 +390,7 @@ pub(crate) enum Effect {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
-	use crate::codegen::classify::{Class, analyze};
+	use crate::codegen::classify::{Class, Dialect, analyze, context_param, dialect};
 	use crate::parsing::parse_node_fn;
 	use proc_macro2::TokenStream as TokenStream2;
 	use quote::{ToTokens, quote};
@@ -424,6 +526,161 @@ mod tests {
 		);
 	}
 
+	fn ctx_derives(parsed: &ParsedNodeFn) -> bool {
+		context_param(parsed).is_some_and(|ctx| {
+			ctx.bounds
+				.iter()
+				.any(|bound| matches!(bound, TypeParamBound::Trait(trait_bound) if trait_bound.path.segments.last().is_some_and(|segment| segment.ident == "DeriveCtx")))
+		})
+	}
+
+	/// The frozen `field_role` classification the IR bindings must reproduce.
+	fn reference_label(parsed: &ParsedNodeFn, class: &Class, raw: bool, index: usize, field: &ParsedField) -> &'static str {
+		let record = matches!(class, Class::RecordIo(_));
+		let skips_carrier = matches!(class, Class::RecordIo(shape) if shape.skips_carrier());
+		let carrier_flip = matches!(class, Class::Flip { carrier: true });
+		let flip = matches!(class, Class::Flip { .. });
+		let opaque = matches!(class, Class::Opaque);
+		let routing = matches!(class, Class::Routing(_));
+		let derives = ctx_derives(parsed);
+		let routing_source = |ty: &Type| matches!(class, Class::Routing(routing) if bare_ident(ty) == Some(&routing.generic));
+		match &field.ty {
+			ParsedFieldType::Regular(RegularParsedField { ty, lend, .. }) => {
+				if record && !skips_carrier && index == 0 {
+					"carrier"
+				} else if carrier_flip && index == 0 {
+					"carrier"
+				} else if flip && lend.is_some() {
+					"lend"
+				} else if record && !field.attribute_reads.is_empty() {
+					"reading"
+				} else if flip || (routing && !routing_source(ty)) {
+					"record"
+				} else {
+					"plain"
+				}
+			}
+			ParsedFieldType::Node(NodeParsedField { output_type, .. }) => {
+				if derives && routing && routing_source(output_type) {
+					"derive-routing"
+				} else if flip && raw {
+					"flip-raw"
+				} else if flip {
+					"flip-lazy"
+				} else if opaque && raw && is_record_value(output_type) {
+					"opaque-record"
+				} else if raw {
+					"raw-lazy"
+				} else {
+					"lazy"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn ir_label(node: &Node, index: usize, field: &ParsedField, raw: bool) -> &'static str {
+		match &field.ty {
+			ParsedFieldType::Regular(_) => match value_binding(node, index) {
+				ValueBinding::Carrier => "carrier",
+				ValueBinding::Lend => "lend",
+				ValueBinding::ReadingSecondary => "reading",
+				ValueBinding::RecordElement => "record",
+				ValueBinding::Plain => "plain",
+			},
+			ParsedFieldType::Node(_) => match (lazy_binding(node, index), raw) {
+				(LazyBinding::DeriveRouting, _) => "derive-routing",
+				(LazyBinding::OpaqueRecord, _) => "opaque-record",
+				(LazyBinding::Element, true) => "flip-raw",
+				(LazyBinding::Element, false) => "flip-lazy",
+				(LazyBinding::Plain, true) => "raw-lazy",
+				(LazyBinding::Plain, false) => "lazy",
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn assert_bindings(attr: TokenStream2, item: TokenStream2) {
+		let mut parsed = parse_node_fn(attr, item).unwrap();
+		parsed.replace_impl_trait_in_input();
+		let model = analyze(&parsed).expect("representative resolves to a class");
+		let raw = matches!(dialect(&parsed), Dialect::Poll);
+		let node = build(&parsed);
+		let fields: Vec<&ParsedField> = parsed.fields.iter().filter(|field| !field.is_data_field).collect();
+		for (index, field) in fields.iter().enumerate() {
+			assert_eq!(
+				ir_label(&node, index, field, raw),
+				reference_label(&parsed, &model.class, raw, index, field),
+				"field {index} of {}",
+				parsed.fn_name
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_flip() {
+		assert_bindings(quote!(category("")), quote!(fn negate(_: impl Ctx, x: f64) -> f64 { -x }));
+		assert_bindings(quote!(category("")), quote!(fn add2(_: impl Ctx, a: f64, b: f64) -> f64 { a + b }));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_lend() {
+		assert_bindings(quote!(category("")), quote!(fn borrow(_: impl Ctx, prim: f64, other: &f64) -> f64 { prim + *other }));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_reading_secondary() {
+		assert_bindings(quote!(category("")), quote!(fn read_op(_: impl Ctx, carrier: f64, (other, op): (f64, Attr<Opacity>)) -> f64 { carrier + other }));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_flip_lazy() {
+		assert_bindings(quote!(category("")), quote!(fn apply(_: impl Ctx, inner: impl Node<(), Output = f64>) -> f64 { inner.eval(()) }));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_flip_lazy_reads() {
+		assert_bindings(
+			quote!(category("")),
+			quote!(fn apply_reads(_: impl Ctx, carrier: f64, inner: impl Node<(), Output = (f64, Attr<Opacity>)>) -> f64 { carrier + inner.eval(()).0 }),
+		);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_flip_raw() {
+		assert_bindings(quote!(category("")), quote!(fn poll_apply(_: impl Ctx, inner: impl Node<(), Output = f64>) -> GPoll<f64> { inner.eval(()) }));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_skip_impl_generic() {
+		// A bounded generic forwarded whole (passthrough) flips, not routes.
+		assert_bindings(quote!(category(""), skip_impl), quote!(fn passthrough<T: Send>(_: impl Ctx, content: T) -> T { content }));
+		// A generic transformed into a different output type flips.
+		assert_bindings(
+			quote!(category(""), skip_impl),
+			quote!(fn into_ty<T: Send + Into<O>, O: Send>(_: impl Ctx, value: T, #[data] _out: PhantomData<O>) -> O { value.into() }),
+		);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_routing() {
+		assert_bindings(
+			quote!(category("")),
+			quote!(fn switch<T>(_: impl Ctx, condition: bool, off: impl Node<(), Output = T>, on: impl Node<(), Output = T>) -> T { if condition { on.eval(()) } else { off.eval(()) } }),
+		);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_derive_routing() {
+		assert_bindings(quote!(category("")), quote!(fn ctx_mod<T>(_: impl Ctx + DeriveCtx, inner: impl Node<(), Output = T>) -> T { inner.eval(()) }));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn bindings_opaque() {
+		assert_bindings(
+			quote!(category("")),
+			quote!(fn memo<'e>(_: impl Ctx, #[data] cache: Store, content: impl Node<Context<'_>, Output = RecordValue<'e>>) -> GPoll<RecordValue<'e>> { content.eval(()) }),
+		);
+	}
+
 	#[test]
 	fn monomorphizations_key_by_generic() {
 		let node = assert_bridge(