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MediaCrawler/media_platform/xhs/core.py
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程序员阿江(Relakkes) 0ca7b29cf0 feat(media): 重构媒体下载，支持 xhs/dy/ks/bili/wb 五平台 
旧实现只覆盖 4 个平台，且把整个文件读进内存、无重试与完整性校验，
代码按平台复制粘贴了 4 份。本次用统一下载器替换：

- 新增 media_downloader/：流式写入、Range 续传、指数退避重试、大小校验、
  路径穿越防护；B 站 DASH 音视频分轨下载后交由 ffmpeg 无损合流
- 新增 media_platform/<平台>/media.py：从平台原始响应提取媒体地址，
  与下载器解耦；快手首次接入下载能力
- 开关：config.ENABLE_GET_MEDIA 与 --get_media，并打通 API/WebUI；
  同时修正旧配置项 ENABLE_GET_MEIDAS 的拼写
- 落盘按帖子聚合：{SAVE_DATA_PATH 或 data}/{platform}/media/{内容ID}/
- B 站装好 ffmpeg 时走 DASH 最高画质，否则降级 mp4 直链（产物 video-durl.mp4，
  避免低清文件阻塞后续的高清路径）
- 删除 4 个 *_store_media.py、AbstractStoreImage/Video 及各 client 的媒体 GET 方法

媒体下载失败只记录日志，不中断爬取主流程。
2026-09-17 22:54:22 +08:00

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2025 relakkes@gmail.com
#
# This file is part of MediaCrawler project.
# Repository: https://github.com/NanmiCoder/MediaCrawler/blob/main/media_platform/xhs/core.py
# GitHub: https://github.com/NanmiCoder
# Licensed under NON-COMMERCIAL LEARNING LICENSE 1.1
#
# 声明：本代码仅供学习和研究目的使用。使用者应遵守以下原则：
# 1. 不得用于任何商业用途。
# 2. 使用时应遵守目标平台的使用条款和robots.txt规则。
# 3. 不得进行大规模爬取或对平台造成运营干扰。
# 4. 应合理控制请求频率，避免给目标平台带来不必要的负担。
# 5. 不得用于任何非法或不当的用途。
#
# 详细许可条款请参阅项目根目录下的LICENSE文件。
# 使用本代码即表示您同意遵守上述原则和LICENSE中的所有条款。
import asyncio
import os
import random
from asyncio import Task
from typing import Dict, List, Optional
from playwright.async_api import (
BrowserContext,
BrowserType,
Page,
Playwright,
async_playwright,
)
from tenacity import RetryError
import config
from base.base_crawler import AbstractCrawler
from media_downloader import MediaDownloader
from model.m_xiaohongshu import NoteUrlInfo, CreatorUrlInfo
from proxy.proxy_ip_pool import IpInfoModel, create_ip_pool
from store import xhs as xhs_store
from tools import utils
from tools.cdp_browser import CDPBrowserManager
from var import crawler_type_var, source_keyword_var
from . import media as xhs_media
from .client import XiaoHongShuClient
from .exception import (
DataFetchError,
IPBlockError,
NoteNotFoundError,
PlatformAccessError,
)
from .field import SearchSortType
from .help import parse_note_info_from_note_url, parse_creator_info_from_url, get_search_id
from .login import XiaoHongShuLogin
class XiaoHongShuCrawler(AbstractCrawler):
context_page: Page
xhs_client: XiaoHongShuClient
browser_context: BrowserContext
cdp_manager: Optional[CDPBrowserManager]
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.index_url = "https://www.rednote.com" if config.XHS_INTERNATIONAL else "https://www.xiaohongshu.com"
self.cookie_urls = [self.index_url]
# self.user_agent = utils.get_user_agent()
self.user_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
self.cdp_manager = None
self.ip_proxy_pool = None # Proxy IP pool for automatic proxy refresh
self._media_downloader: Optional[MediaDownloader] = None
async def start(self) -> None:
playwright_proxy_format, httpx_proxy_format = None, None
if config.ENABLE_IP_PROXY:
self.ip_proxy_pool = await create_ip_pool(config.IP_PROXY_POOL_COUNT, enable_validate_ip=True)
ip_proxy_info: IpInfoModel = await self.ip_proxy_pool.get_proxy()
playwright_proxy_format, httpx_proxy_format = utils.format_proxy_info(ip_proxy_info)
async with async_playwright() as playwright:
# Choose launch mode based on configuration
if config.ENABLE_CDP_MODE:
utils.logger.info("[XiaoHongShuCrawler] Launching browser using CDP mode")
self.browser_context = await self.launch_browser_with_cdp(
playwright,
playwright_proxy_format,
self.user_agent,
headless=config.CDP_HEADLESS,
)
else:
utils.logger.info("[XiaoHongShuCrawler] Launching browser using standard mode")
# Launch a browser context.
chromium = playwright.chromium
self.browser_context = await self.launch_browser(
chromium,
playwright_proxy_format,
self.user_agent,
headless=config.HEADLESS,
)
# stealth.min.js is a js script to prevent the website from detecting the crawler.
await self.browser_context.add_init_script(path="libs/stealth.min.js")
self.context_page = await self.browser_context.new_page()
await self.context_page.goto(self.index_url)
# Create a client to interact with the Xiaohongshu website.
self.xhs_client = await self.create_xhs_client(httpx_proxy_format)
if not await self.xhs_client.pong():
login_obj = XiaoHongShuLogin(
login_type=config.LOGIN_TYPE,
login_phone="", # input your phone number
browser_context=self.browser_context,
context_page=self.context_page,
cookie_str=config.COOKIES,
)
await login_obj.begin()
await self.xhs_client.update_cookies(
browser_context=self.browser_context,
urls=self.cookie_urls,
)
crawler_type_var.set(config.CRAWLER_TYPE)
if config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "search":
# Search for notes and retrieve their comment information.
await self.search()
elif config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "detail":
# Get the information and comments of the specified post
await self.get_specified_notes()
elif config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "creator":
# Get creator's information and their notes and comments
await self.get_creators_and_notes()
else:
pass
utils.logger.info("[XiaoHongShuCrawler.start] Xhs Crawler finished ...")
async def search(self) -> None:
"""Search for notes and retrieve their comment information."""
utils.logger.info("[XiaoHongShuCrawler.search] Begin search Xiaohongshu keywords")
xhs_limit_count = 20 # Xiaohongshu limit page fixed value
if config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT < xhs_limit_count:
config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT = xhs_limit_count
start_page = config.START_PAGE
for keyword in config.KEYWORDS.split(","):
source_keyword_var.set(keyword)
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.search] Current search keyword: {keyword}")
page = 1
search_id = get_search_id()
while (page - start_page + 1) * xhs_limit_count <= config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT:
if page < start_page:
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.search] Skip page {page}")
page += 1
continue
try:
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.search] search Xiaohongshu keyword: {keyword}, page: {page}")
note_ids: List[str] = []
xsec_tokens: List[str] = []
notes_res = await self.xhs_client.get_note_by_keyword(
keyword=keyword,
search_id=search_id,
page=page,
sort=(SearchSortType(config.SORT_TYPE) if config.SORT_TYPE != "" else SearchSortType.GENERAL),
)
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.search] Search notes response: {notes_res}")
if not notes_res or not notes_res.get("has_more", False):
utils.logger.info("[XiaoHongShuCrawler.search] No more content!")
break
semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(config.MAX_CONCURRENCY_NUM)
task_list = [
self.get_note_detail_async_task(
note_id=post_item.get("id"),
xsec_source=post_item.get("xsec_source"),
xsec_token=post_item.get("xsec_token"),
semaphore=semaphore,
) for post_item in notes_res.get("items", {}) if post_item.get("model_type") not in ("rec_query", "hot_query")
]
note_details = await asyncio.gather(*task_list)
for note_detail in note_details:
if note_detail:
await xhs_store.update_xhs_note(note_detail)
await self.download_media(note_detail)
note_ids.append(note_detail.get("note_id"))
xsec_tokens.append(note_detail.get("xsec_token"))
page += 1
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.search] Note details: {note_details}")
await self.batch_get_note_comments(note_ids, xsec_tokens)
# Sleep after each page navigation
await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC)
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.search] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after page {page-1}")
except DataFetchError:
utils.logger.error("[XiaoHongShuCrawler.search] Get note detail error")
break
async def get_creators_and_notes(self) -> None:
"""Get creator's notes and retrieve their comment information."""
utils.logger.info("[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Begin get Xiaohongshu creators")
for creator_url in config.XHS_CREATOR_ID_LIST:
try:
# Parse creator URL to get user_id and security tokens
creator_info: CreatorUrlInfo = parse_creator_info_from_url(creator_url)
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Parse creator URL info: {creator_info}")
user_id = creator_info.user_id
# get creator detail info from web html content
createor_info: Dict = await self.xhs_client.get_creator_info(
user_id=user_id,
xsec_token=creator_info.xsec_token,
xsec_source=creator_info.xsec_source
)
if createor_info:
await xhs_store.save_creator(user_id, creator=createor_info)
except ValueError as e:
utils.logger.error(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Failed to parse creator URL: {e}")
continue
except (IPBlockError, PlatformAccessError) as e:
# Access restricted on the creator homepage, skip this creator instead of crashing the run.
utils.logger.error(
f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Access restricted for creator {creator_url}: {e}. "
f"建议降低采集频率、更换 IP 或检查账号状态"
)
continue
# Use fixed crawling interval
crawl_interval = config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC
# Get all note information of the creator
all_notes_list = await self.xhs_client.get_all_notes_by_creator(
user_id=user_id,
crawl_interval=crawl_interval,
callback=self.fetch_creator_notes_detail,
xsec_token=creator_info.xsec_token,
xsec_source=creator_info.xsec_source,
)
note_ids = []
xsec_tokens = []
for note_item in all_notes_list:
note_ids.append(note_item.get("note_id"))
xsec_tokens.append(note_item.get("xsec_token"))
await self.batch_get_note_comments(note_ids, xsec_tokens)
async def fetch_creator_notes_detail(self, note_list: List[Dict]):
"""Concurrently obtain the specified post list and save the data"""
semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(config.MAX_CONCURRENCY_NUM)
task_list = [
self.get_note_detail_async_task(
note_id=post_item.get("note_id"),
xsec_source=post_item.get("xsec_source"),
xsec_token=post_item.get("xsec_token"),
semaphore=semaphore,
) for post_item in note_list
]
note_details = await asyncio.gather(*task_list)
for note_detail in note_details:
if note_detail:
await xhs_store.update_xhs_note(note_detail)
await self.download_media(note_detail)
async def get_specified_notes(self):
"""Get the information and comments of the specified post
Note: Must specify note_id, xsec_source, xsec_token
"""
get_note_detail_task_list = []
for full_note_url in config.XHS_SPECIFIED_NOTE_URL_LIST:
note_url_info: NoteUrlInfo = parse_note_info_from_note_url(full_note_url)
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Parse note url info: {note_url_info}")
crawler_task = self.get_note_detail_async_task(
note_id=note_url_info.note_id,
xsec_source=note_url_info.xsec_source,
xsec_token=note_url_info.xsec_token,
semaphore=asyncio.Semaphore(config.MAX_CONCURRENCY_NUM),
)
get_note_detail_task_list.append(crawler_task)
need_get_comment_note_ids = []
xsec_tokens = []
note_details = await asyncio.gather(*get_note_detail_task_list)
for note_detail in note_details:
if note_detail:
need_get_comment_note_ids.append(note_detail.get("note_id", ""))
xsec_tokens.append(note_detail.get("xsec_token", ""))
await xhs_store.update_xhs_note(note_detail)
await self.download_media(note_detail)
await self.batch_get_note_comments(need_get_comment_note_ids, xsec_tokens)
async def get_note_detail_async_task(
self,
note_id: str,
xsec_source: str,
xsec_token: str,
semaphore: asyncio.Semaphore,
) -> Optional[Dict]:
"""Get note detail
Args:
note_id:
xsec_source:
xsec_token:
semaphore:
Returns:
Dict: note detail
"""
note_detail = None
utils.logger.info(f"[get_note_detail_async_task] Begin get note detail, note_id: {note_id}")
async with semaphore:
try:
try:
note_detail = await self.xhs_client.get_note_by_id(note_id, xsec_source, xsec_token)
except RetryError:
pass
if not note_detail:
note_detail = await self.xhs_client.get_note_by_id_from_html(note_id, xsec_source, xsec_token,
enable_cookie=True)
if not note_detail:
utils.logger.warning(f"[skip] Failed to get note detail, Id: {note_id}, 跳过继续")
return None
note_detail.update({"xsec_token": xsec_token, "xsec_source": xsec_source})
# Sleep after fetching note detail
await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC)
utils.logger.info(f"[get_note_detail_async_task] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after fetching note {note_id}")
return note_detail
except NoteNotFoundError as ex:
utils.logger.warning(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_note_detail_async_task] Note not found: {note_id}, {ex}")
return None
except (IPBlockError, PlatformAccessError) as ex:
# Access restricted (IP block / rate limit / account security).
# Skip this note instead of aborting the whole asyncio.gather batch.
utils.logger.error(
f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_note_detail_async_task] Access restricted while getting note {note_id}: {ex}. "
f"建议降低采集频率、更换 IP 或检查账号状态"
)
return None
except DataFetchError as ex:
utils.logger.error(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_note_detail_async_task] Get note detail error: {ex}")
return None
except KeyError as ex:
utils.logger.error(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_note_detail_async_task] have not fund note detail note_id:{note_id}, err: {ex}")
return None
async def batch_get_note_comments(self, note_list: List[str], xsec_tokens: List[str]):
"""Batch get note comments"""
if not config.ENABLE_GET_COMMENTS:
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.batch_get_note_comments] Crawling comment mode is not enabled")
return
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.batch_get_note_comments] Begin batch get note comments, note list: {note_list}")
semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(config.MAX_CONCURRENCY_NUM)
task_list: List[Task] = []
for index, note_id in enumerate(note_list):
task = asyncio.create_task(
self.get_comments(note_id=note_id, xsec_token=xsec_tokens[index], semaphore=semaphore),
name=note_id,
)
task_list.append(task)
await asyncio.gather(*task_list)
async def get_comments(self, note_id: str, xsec_token: str, semaphore: asyncio.Semaphore):
"""Get note comments with keyword filtering and quantity limitation"""
async with semaphore:
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_comments] Begin get note id comments {note_id}")
# Use fixed crawling interval
crawl_interval = config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC
await self.xhs_client.get_note_all_comments(
note_id=note_id,
xsec_token=xsec_token,
crawl_interval=crawl_interval,
callback=xhs_store.batch_update_xhs_note_comments,
max_count=config.CRAWLER_MAX_COMMENTS_COUNT_SINGLENOTES,
)
# Sleep after fetching comments
await asyncio.sleep(crawl_interval)
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.get_comments] Sleeping for {crawl_interval} seconds after fetching comments for note {note_id}")
async def create_xhs_client(self, httpx_proxy: Optional[str]) -> XiaoHongShuClient:
"""Create Xiaohongshu client"""
utils.logger.info("[XiaoHongShuCrawler.create_xhs_client] Begin create Xiaohongshu API client ...")
cookie_str, cookie_dict = await utils.convert_browser_context_cookies(
self.browser_context,
urls=self.cookie_urls,
)
xhs_client_obj = XiaoHongShuClient(
proxy=httpx_proxy,
headers={
"accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*",
"accept-language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
"cache-control": "no-cache",
"content-type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8",
"origin": self.index_url,
"pragma": "no-cache",
"priority": "u=1, i",
"referer": f"{self.index_url}/",
"sec-ch-ua": '"Chromium";v="136", "Google Chrome";v="136", "Not.A/Brand";v="99"',
"sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
"sec-ch-ua-platform": '"Windows"',
"sec-fetch-dest": "empty",
"sec-fetch-mode": "cors",
"sec-fetch-site": "same-site",
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/137.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
"Cookie": cookie_str,
},
playwright_page=self.context_page,
cookie_dict=cookie_dict,
proxy_ip_pool=self.ip_proxy_pool, # Pass proxy pool for automatic refresh
)
return xhs_client_obj
async def launch_browser(
self,
chromium: BrowserType,
playwright_proxy: Optional[Dict],
user_agent: Optional[str],
headless: bool = True,
) -> BrowserContext:
"""Launch browser and create browser context"""
utils.logger.info("[XiaoHongShuCrawler.launch_browser] Begin create browser context ...")
if config.SAVE_LOGIN_STATE:
# feat issue #14
# we will save login state to avoid login every time
user_data_dir = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "browser_data", config.USER_DATA_DIR % config.PLATFORM) # type: ignore
browser_context = await chromium.launch_persistent_context(
user_data_dir=user_data_dir,
accept_downloads=True,
headless=headless,
proxy=playwright_proxy, # type: ignore
viewport={
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
user_agent=user_agent,
)
return browser_context
else:
browser = await chromium.launch(headless=headless, proxy=playwright_proxy) # type: ignore
browser_context = await browser.new_context(viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080}, user_agent=user_agent)
return browser_context
async def launch_browser_with_cdp(
self,
playwright: Playwright,
playwright_proxy: Optional[Dict],
user_agent: Optional[str],
headless: bool = True,
) -> BrowserContext:
"""Launch browser using CDP mode"""
try:
self.cdp_manager = CDPBrowserManager()
browser_context = await self.cdp_manager.launch_and_connect(
playwright=playwright,
playwright_proxy=playwright_proxy,
user_agent=user_agent,
headless=headless,
)
# Display browser information
browser_info = await self.cdp_manager.get_browser_info()
utils.logger.info(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler] CDP browser info: {browser_info}")
return browser_context
except Exception as e:
utils.logger.error(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler] CDP mode launch failed, falling back to standard mode: {e}")
# Fall back to standard mode
chromium = playwright.chromium
return await self.launch_browser(chromium, playwright_proxy, user_agent, headless)
async def close(self):
"""Close browser context"""
# Special handling if using CDP mode
if self.cdp_manager:
await self.cdp_manager.cleanup()
self.cdp_manager = None
else:
await self.browser_context.close()
utils.logger.info("[XiaoHongShuCrawler.close] Browser context closed ...")
async def download_media(self, note_detail: Dict) -> None:
"""下载笔记的媒体资源（封面、视频或图文图片）
Args:
note_detail: 笔记详情（原始 note_card 结构）
"""
if not config.ENABLE_GET_MEDIA:
return
try:
items = xhs_media.build_media_items(note_detail)
if items:
await self._get_media_downloader().download_all(items)
except Exception as exc:
# 媒体下载是旁路能力，解析异常/网络异常都不能中断爬取主流程
utils.logger.error(f"[XiaoHongShuCrawler.download_media] 媒体下载异常: {exc}")
def _get_media_downloader(self) -> MediaDownloader:
"""惰性创建媒体下载器，并同步最新的代理设置（代理池是就地刷新的）"""
if self._media_downloader is None:
self._media_downloader = MediaDownloader(
platform="xhs",
proxy=getattr(self.xhs_client, "proxy", None),
extra_headers=self._media_headers(),
)
else:
self._media_downloader.update_credentials(
proxy=getattr(self.xhs_client, "proxy", None),
extra_headers=self._media_headers(),
)
return self._media_downloader
def _media_headers(self) -> Dict:
"""媒体请求头：平台 Referer（防盗链）+ UA"""
return {
"Referer": "https://www.xiaohongshu.com/",
"User-Agent": self.user_agent,
}
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