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cellxgene/server/data_anndata/anndata_adaptor.py

389 lines
17 KiB
Python

import warnings
import anndata
import numpy as np
from packaging import version
from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import CategoricalDtype
from scipy import sparse
import server.common.compute.diffexp_generic as diffexp_generic
import server.common.compute.estimate_distribution as estimate_distribution
from server.common.colors import convert_anndata_category_colors_to_cxg_category_colors
from server.common.constants import Axis, MAX_LAYOUTS, XApproximateDistribution
from server.common.corpora import corpora_get_props_from_anndata
from server.common.errors import PrepareError, DatasetAccessError
from server.common.utils.type_conversion_utils import get_schema_type_hint_of_array
from server.data_common.data_adaptor import DataAdaptor
from server.common.fbs.matrix import encode_matrix_fbs
anndata_version = version.parse(str(anndata.__version__)).release
def anndata_version_is_pre_070():
major = anndata_version[0]
minor = anndata_version[1] if len(anndata_version) > 1 else 0
return major == 0 and minor < 7
class AnndataAdaptor(DataAdaptor):
def __init__(self, data_locator, app_config=None, dataset_config=None):
super().__init__(data_locator, app_config, dataset_config)
self.data = None
self.X_approximate_distribution = None
self._load_data(data_locator)
self._validate_and_initialize()
def cleanup(self):
pass
@staticmethod
def pre_load_validation(data_locator):
if data_locator.islocal():
# if data locator is local, apply file system conventions and other "cheap"
# validation checks. If a URI, defer until we actually fetch the data and
# try to read it. Many of these tests don't make sense for URIs (eg, extension-
# based typing).
if not data_locator.exists():
raise DatasetAccessError("does not exist")
if not data_locator.isfile():
raise DatasetAccessError("is not a file")
@staticmethod
def file_size(data_locator):
return data_locator.size() if data_locator.islocal() else 0
@staticmethod
def open(data_locator, app_config, dataset_config=None):
return AnndataAdaptor(data_locator, app_config, dataset_config)
def get_corpora_props(self):
return corpora_get_props_from_anndata(self.data)
def get_name(self):
return "cellxgene anndata adaptor version"
def get_library_versions(self):
return dict(anndata=str(anndata.__version__))
@staticmethod
def _create_unique_column_name(df, col_name_prefix):
"""given the columns of a dataframe, and a name prefix, return a column name which
does not exist in the dataframe, AND which is prefixed by `prefix`
The approach is to append a numeric suffix, starting at zero and increasing by
one, until an unused name is found (eg, prefix_0, prefix_1, ...).
"""
suffix = 0
while f"{col_name_prefix}{suffix}" in df:
suffix += 1
return f"{col_name_prefix}{suffix}"
def _alias_annotation_names(self):
"""
The front-end relies on the existance of a unique, human-readable
index for obs & var (eg, var is typically gene name, obs the cell name).
The user can specify these via the --obs-names and --var-names config.
If they are not specified, use the existing index to create them, giving
the resulting column a unique name (eg, "name").
In both cases, enforce that the result is unique, and communicate the
index column name to the front-end via the obs_names and var_names config
(which is incorporated into the schema).
"""
self.original_obs_index = self.data.obs.index
for ax_name, var_name in ((Axis.OBS, "obs"), (Axis.VAR, "var")):
config_name = f"single_dataset__{var_name}_names"
parameter_name = f"{var_name}_names"
name = getattr(self.server_config, config_name)
df_axis = getattr(self.data, str(ax_name))
if name is None:
# Default: create unique names from index
if not df_axis.index.is_unique:
raise KeyError(
f"Values in {ax_name}.index must be unique. "
"Please prepare data to contain unique index values, or specify an "
"alternative with --{ax_name}-name."
)
name = self._create_unique_column_name(df_axis.columns, "name_")
self.parameters[parameter_name] = name
# reset index to simple range; alias name to point at the
# previously specified index.
df_axis.rename_axis(name, inplace=True)
df_axis.reset_index(inplace=True)
elif name in df_axis.columns:
# User has specified alternative column for unique names, and it exists
if not df_axis[name].is_unique:
raise KeyError(
f"Values in {ax_name}.{name} must be unique. " "Please prepare data to contain unique values."
)
df_axis.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
self.parameters[parameter_name] = name
else:
# user specified a non-existent column name
raise KeyError(f"Annotation name {name}, specified in --{ax_name}-name does not exist.")
def _create_schema(self):
self.schema = {
"dataframe": {
"nObs": self.cell_count,
"nVar": self.gene_count,
**get_schema_type_hint_of_array(self.data.X),
},
"annotations": {
"obs": {"index": self.parameters.get("obs_names"), "columns": []},
"var": {"index": self.parameters.get("var_names"), "columns": []},
},
"layout": {"obs": []},
}
for ax in Axis:
curr_axis = getattr(self.data, str(ax))
for ann in curr_axis:
ann_schema = {"name": ann, "writable": False}
ann_schema.update(get_schema_type_hint_of_array(curr_axis[ann]))
self.schema["annotations"][ax]["columns"].append(ann_schema)
for layout in self.get_embedding_names():
layout_schema = {"name": layout, "type": "float32", "dims": [f"{layout}_0", f"{layout}_1"]}
self.schema["layout"]["obs"].append(layout_schema)
def get_schema(self):
return self.schema
def _load_data(self, data_locator):
# as of AnnData 0.6.19, backed mode performs initial load fast, but at the
# cost of significantly slower access to X data.
try:
# there is no guarantee data_locator indicates a local file. The AnnData
# API will only consume local file objects. If we get a non-local object,
# make a copy in tmp, and delete it after we load into memory.
with data_locator.local_handle() as lh:
# as of AnnData 0.6.19, backed mode performs initial load fast, but at the
# cost of significantly slower access to X data.
backed = "r" if self.server_config.adaptor__anndata_adaptor__backed else None
self.data = anndata.read_h5ad(lh, backed=backed)
except ValueError:
raise DatasetAccessError(
"File must be in the .h5ad format. Please read "
"https://github.com/theislab/scanpy_usage/blob/master/170505_seurat/info_h5ad.md to "
"learn more about this format. You may be able to convert your file into this format "
"using `cellxgene prepare`, please run `cellxgene prepare --help` for more "
"information."
)
except MemoryError:
raise DatasetAccessError("Out of memory - file is too large for available memory.")
except Exception:
import traceback
message = (
"File not found or is inaccessible. File must be an .h5ad object. "
"Please check your input and try again."
)
if self.server_config.app__verbose:
message += f"\n{traceback.format_exc()}"
raise DatasetAccessError(message)
def _validate_and_initialize(self):
if anndata_version_is_pre_070():
warnings.warn(
"Use of anndata versions older than 0.7 will have serious issues. Please update to at "
"least anndata 0.7 or later."
)
# var and obs column names must be unique
if not self.data.obs.columns.is_unique or not self.data.var.columns.is_unique:
raise KeyError("All annotation column names must be unique.")
self._alias_annotation_names()
self._validate_data_types()
self.cell_count = self.data.shape[0]
self.gene_count = self.data.shape[1]
self._create_schema()
if self.dataset_config.X_approximate_distribution == "auto":
"""Lazy evaluate the heuristic if we are backed."""
if not self.data.isbacked:
self.X_approximate_distribution = estimate_distribution.estimate_approximate_distribution(self.data.X)
else:
self.X_approximate_distribution = self.dataset_config.X_approximate_distribution
# heuristic
n_values = self.data.shape[0] * self.data.shape[1]
if (n_values > 1e8 and self.server_config.adaptor__anndata_adaptor__backed is True) or (n_values > 5e8):
self.parameters.update({"diffexp-may-be-slow": True})
def _is_valid_layout(self, arr):
"""return True if this layout data is a valid array for front-end presentation:
* ndarray, dtype float/int/uint
* with shape (n_obs, >= 2)
* with all values finite or NaN (no +Inf or -Inf)
"""
is_valid = type(arr) is np.ndarray and arr.dtype.kind in "fiu"
is_valid = is_valid and arr.shape[0] == self.data.n_obs and arr.shape[1] >= 2
is_valid = is_valid and not np.any(np.isinf(arr)) and not np.all(np.isnan(arr))
return is_valid
def _validate_data_types(self):
# The backed API does not support interrogation of the underlying sparsity or sparse matrix type
# Fake it by asking for a small subarray and testing it. NOTE: if the user has ignored our
# anndata <= 0.7 warning, opted for the --backed option, and specified a large, sparse dataset,
# this "small" indexing request will load the entire X array. This is due to a bug in anndata<=0.7
# which will load the entire X matrix to fullfill any slicing request if X is sparse. See
# user warning in _load_data().
X0 = self.data.X[0, 0:1]
if sparse.isspmatrix(X0) and not sparse.isspmatrix_csc(X0):
warnings.warn(
"Anndata data matrix is sparse, but not a CSC (columnar) matrix. "
"Performance may be improved by using CSC."
)
if self.data.X.dtype > np.dtype(np.float32):
warnings.warn(
f"Anndata data matrix is in {self.data.X.dtype} format not float32. " f"Precision may be truncated."
)
if self.data.X.dtype < np.float32:
if self.data.isbacked:
raise DatasetAccessError(
f"Data matrix in {self.data.X.dtype} format is not supported in backed mode."
" Please reload without --backed, or convert matrix to float32"
)
warnings.warn(
f"Anndata data matrix is in unsupported {self.data.X.dtype} format -- will be cast to float32"
)
self.data.X = self.data.X.astype(np.float32)
for ax in Axis:
curr_axis = getattr(self.data, str(ax))
for ann in curr_axis:
datatype = curr_axis[ann].dtype
downcast_map = {
"int64": "int32",
"uint32": "int32",
"uint64": "int32",
"float64": "float32",
}
if datatype in downcast_map:
warnings.warn(
f"Anndata annotation {ax}:{ann} is in unsupported format: {datatype}. "
f"Data will be downcast to {downcast_map[datatype]}."
)
if isinstance(datatype, CategoricalDtype):
category_num = len(curr_axis[ann].dtype.categories)
if category_num > 500 and category_num > self.dataset_config.presentation__max_categories:
warnings.warn(
f"{str(ax).title()} annotation '{ann}' has {category_num} categories, this may be "
f"cumbersome or slow to display. We recommend setting the "
f"--max-category-items option to 500, this will hide categorical "
f"annotations with more than 500 categories in the UI"
)
def annotation_to_fbs_matrix(self, axis, fields=None, labels=None):
if axis == Axis.OBS:
if labels is not None and not labels.empty:
df = self.data.obs.join(labels, self.parameters.get("obs_names"))
else:
df = self.data.obs
else:
df = self.data.var
if fields is not None and len(fields) > 0:
df = df[fields]
return encode_matrix_fbs(df, col_idx=df.columns)
def get_embedding_names(self):
"""
Return pre-computed embeddings.
function:
a) generate list of default layouts
b) validate layouts are legal. remove/warn on any that are not
c) cap total list of layouts at global const MAX_LAYOUTS
"""
# load default layouts from the data.
layouts = self.dataset_config.embeddings__names
if layouts is None or len(layouts) == 0:
layouts = [key[2:] for key in self.data.obsm_keys() if type(key) is str and key.startswith("X_")]
# remove invalid layouts
valid_layouts = []
obsm_keys = self.data.obsm_keys()
for layout in layouts:
layout_name = f"X_{layout}"
if layout_name not in obsm_keys:
warnings.warn(f"Ignoring unknown layout name: {layout}.")
elif not self._is_valid_layout(self.data.obsm[layout_name]):
warnings.warn(f"Ignoring layout due to malformed shape or data type: {layout}")
else:
valid_layouts.append(layout)
if len(valid_layouts) == 0:
raise PrepareError("No valid layout data.")
# cap layouts to MAX_LAYOUTS
return valid_layouts[0:MAX_LAYOUTS]
def get_embedding_array(self, ename, dims=2):
full_embedding = self.data.obsm[f"X_{ename}"]
return full_embedding[:, 0:dims]
def compute_diffexp_ttest(self, maskA, maskB, top_n=None, lfc_cutoff=None):
if top_n is None:
top_n = self.dataset_config.diffexp__top_n
if lfc_cutoff is None:
lfc_cutoff = self.dataset_config.diffexp__lfc_cutoff
return diffexp_generic.diffexp_ttest(self, maskA, maskB, top_n, lfc_cutoff)
def get_colors(self):
return convert_anndata_category_colors_to_cxg_category_colors(self.data)
def get_X_array(self, obs_mask=None, var_mask=None):
# H5Py does not support boolean indexing (masks), so convert to integer indexing
# when backed (ie, when AnnData is using H5Py indexing)
if obs_mask is None:
obs_mask = slice(None)
elif self.data.isbacked and obs_mask.dtype == bool:
obs_mask = obs_mask.nonzero()[0]
if var_mask is None:
var_mask = slice(None)
elif self.data.isbacked and var_mask.dtype == bool:
var_mask = var_mask.nonzero()[0]
X = self.data.X[obs_mask, var_mask]
return X
def get_X_approximate_distribution(self) -> XApproximateDistribution:
"""return the approximate distribution of the X matrix."""
if self.X_approximate_distribution is None:
"""Not yet evaluated."""
assert self.dataset_config.X_approximate_distribution == "auto"
self.data = self.data.to_memory() # loads data
self.X_approximate_distribution = estimate_distribution.estimate_approximate_distribution(self.data.X)
return self.X_approximate_distribution
def get_shape(self):
return self.data.shape
def query_var_array(self, term_name):
return getattr(self.data.var, term_name)
def query_obs_array(self, term_name):
return getattr(self.data.obs, term_name)
def get_obs_index(self):
name = self.server_config.single_dataset__obs_names
if name is None:
return self.original_obs_index
else:
return self.data.obs[name]
def get_obs_columns(self):
return self.data.obs.columns
def get_obs_keys(self):
# return list of keys
return self.data.obs.keys().to_list()
def get_var_keys(self):
# return list of keys
return self.data.var.keys().to_list()