hifiasm/Overlaps.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
#include <stdint.h>
#include "Overlaps.h"
#include "ksort.h"
#include "Process_Read.h"
#include "CommandLines.h"
#include "Hash_Table.h"
#include "Correct.h"
#include "Purge_Dups.h"
#include "hic.h"
#include "kthread.h"


uint32_t debug_purge_dup = 0;

KDQ_INIT(uint64_t)
KDQ_INIT(uint32_t)

#define ma_hit_key_tn(a) ((a).tn)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(hit_tn, ma_hit_t, ma_hit_key_tn, member_size(ma_hit_t, tn))

#define ma_hit_key_qns(a) ((a).qns)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(hit_qns, ma_hit_t, ma_hit_key_qns, member_size(ma_hit_t, qns))


#define asg_arc_key(a) ((a).ul)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(asg, asg_arc_t, asg_arc_key, 8)

#define generic_key(x) (x)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(arch64, uint64_t, generic_key, 8)

#define generic_key(x) (x)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(arch32, uint32_t, generic_key, 4)

///#define Hap_Align_key(a) ((((uint64_t)((a).is_color))<<63)|(((uint64_t)((a).t_id))<<32)|((uint64_t)((a).q_pos)))
///#define Hap_Align_key(a) ((((uint64_t)((a).is_color))<<32)|(((uint64_t)((a).t_id))<<33)|((uint64_t)((a).q_pos)))
#define Hap_Align_key(a) ((((uint64_t)((a).t_id))<<33)|((uint64_t)((a).q_pos)))
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(Hap_Align_sort, Hap_Align, Hap_Align_key, 8)

#define u_trans_key(a) (((uint64_t)((a).qn)<<32) | ((uint64_t)((a).tn)<<1) | ((uint64_t)((a).rev)))
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(u_trans, u_trans_t, u_trans_key, 8)

#define u_trans_qs_key(a) ((a).qs)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(u_trans_qs, u_trans_t, u_trans_qs_key, member_size(u_trans_t, qs))

#define u_trans_ts_key(a) ((a).ts)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(u_trans_ts, u_trans_t, u_trans_ts_key, member_size(u_trans_t, ts))

KSORT_INIT_GENERIC(uint32_t)

///this value has been updated at the first line of build_string_graph_without_clean
long long min_thres;

uint32_t print_untig_by_read(ma_ug_t *g, const char* name, uint32_t in, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, const char* info);

void init_bub_label_t(bub_label_t* x, uint32_t n_thres, uint32_t n_reads)
{
    uint32_t i;
    x->check_cross = 0;
    x->bub_dist = 0;
    x->n_thres = n_thres;
    x->n_reads = n_reads;
    x->g = NULL;
    CALLOC(x->b, x->n_thres);
    for (i = 0; i < x->n_thres; i++)
    {
        CALLOC(x->b[i].a, x->n_reads<<1);
    }
}

void reset_bub_label_t(bub_label_t* x, asg_t *g, uint64_t bub_dist, uint32_t check_cross)
{
    uint32_t i;
    x->bub_dist = bub_dist;
    x->check_cross = check_cross;
    x->g = g;
    if(x->n_reads < x->g->n_seq)
    {
        x->n_reads = x->g->n_seq;
        for (i = 0; i < x->n_thres; i++)
        {
            REALLOC(x->b[i].a, x->n_reads<<1);
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < x->n_thres; i++)
    {
        x->b[i].S.n = x->b[i].b.n = x->b[i].e.n = 0;
        memset(x->b[i].a, 0, (x->n_reads<<1)*sizeof(binfo_s_t));
    }
}

void destory_bub_label_t(bub_label_t* x)
{
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < x->n_thres; i++)
    {
        free(x->b[i].a); 
        free(x->b[i].S.a); 
        free(x->b[i].b.a); 
        free(x->b[i].e.a);
    }
    free(x->b);
}

void ma_hit_sort_tn(ma_hit_t *a, long long n)
{
	radix_sort_hit_tn(a, a + n);
}

void ma_hit_sort_qns(ma_hit_t *a, long long n)
{
	radix_sort_hit_qns(a, a + n);
}

void sort_kvec_t_u64_warp(kvec_t_u64_warp* u_vecs, uint32_t is_descend)
{
    radix_sort_arch64(u_vecs->a.a, u_vecs->a.a + u_vecs->a.n);
    if(is_descend)
    {
        uint64_t i, uInfor;
        for (i = 0; i < (u_vecs->a.n>>1); ++i) 
        {
            uInfor = u_vecs->a.a[i];
            u_vecs->a.a[i] = u_vecs->a.a[u_vecs->a.n - i - 1];
            u_vecs->a.a[u_vecs->a.n - i - 1] = uInfor;
        }
    }
} 

asg_t *asg_init(void)
{
	return (asg_t*)calloc(1, sizeof(asg_t));
}

void asg_destroy(asg_t *g)
{
	if (g == 0) return;
	free(g->seq); free(g->idx); free(g->arc); free(g->seq_vis);
     
    if(g->n_F_seq > 0 && g->F_seq)
    {
        uint32_t i = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < g->n_F_seq; i++)
        {
            if(g->F_seq[i].a) free(g->F_seq[i].a);
            if(g->F_seq[i].s) free(g->F_seq[i].s);
        }

        free(g->F_seq);
    }
    

    free(g);
}

void asg_arc_sort(asg_t *g)
{
	radix_sort_asg(g->arc, g->arc + g->n_arc);
}


void add_overlaps(ma_hit_t_alloc* source_paf, ma_hit_t_alloc* dest_paf, uint64_t* source_index, long long listLen)
{
    long long i;
    ma_hit_t* tmp;
    for (i = 0; i < listLen; i++)
    {
        tmp = &(source_paf->buffer[(uint32_t)(source_index[i])]);
        add_ma_hit_t_alloc(dest_paf, tmp);
    }
}


void remove_overlaps(ma_hit_t_alloc* source_paf, uint64_t* source_index, long long listLen)
{
    long long i, m;
    for (i = 0; i < listLen; i++)
    {
        source_paf->buffer[(uint32_t)(source_index[i])].qns = (uint64_t)(-1);
    }

    m = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < source_paf->length; i++)
    {
        if(source_paf->buffer[i].qns != (uint64_t)(-1))
        {
            source_paf->buffer[m] = source_paf->buffer[i];
            m++;
        }
    }
    source_paf->length = m;
}


void add_overlaps_from_different_sources(ma_hit_t_alloc* source_paf_list, ma_hit_t_alloc* dest_paf, 
uint64_t* source_index, long long listLen)
{
    long long i;
    ma_hit_t ele;
    ma_hit_t* tmp;
    uint32_t source_n, source_i;
    for (i = 0; i < listLen; i++)
    {
        source_n = source_index[i] >> 32;
        source_i = (uint32_t)(source_index[i]);
        tmp = &(source_paf_list[source_n].buffer[source_i]);

        ele.del = 0;
        ele.rev = tmp->rev;
        ele.qns = Get_tn((*tmp));
        ele.qns = ele.qns << 32;
        ele.qns = ele.qns | (uint64_t)(Get_ts((*tmp)));
        ele.qe = Get_te((*tmp));

        ele.tn = Get_qn((*tmp));
        ele.ts = Get_qs((*tmp));
        ele.te = Get_qe((*tmp));

        ele.bl = R_INF.read_length[ele.tn];
        ele.ml = tmp->ml;
        ele.el = tmp->el;
        ele.no_l_indel = tmp->no_l_indel;
        
        add_ma_hit_t_alloc(dest_paf, &ele);
    }
}



void ma_ug_destroy(ma_ug_t *ug)
{
	uint32_t i;
	if (ug == 0) return;
	for (i = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i) {
		free(ug->u.a[i].a);
		free(ug->u.a[i].s);
	}
	free(ug->u.a);
	asg_destroy(ug->g);
    kv_destroy(ug->occ);
	free(ug);
}

uint64_t *asg_arc_index_core(size_t max_seq, size_t n, const asg_arc_t *a)
{
	size_t i, last;
	uint64_t *idx;
	idx = (uint64_t*)calloc(max_seq * 2, 8);


    /**
		 * ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
	                       qns            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
	**/
    ///so if we use high 32-bit, we store the index of each qn with two direction
	for (i = 1, last = 0; i <= n; ++i)
		if (i == n || a[i-1].ul>>32 != a[i].ul>>32)
			idx[a[i-1].ul>>32] = (uint64_t)last<<32 | (i - last), last = i;

    
	return idx;
}

void asg_arc_index(asg_t *g)
{
	if (g->idx) free(g->idx);
	g->idx = asg_arc_index_core(g->n_seq, g->n_arc, g->arc);
}

void asg_seq_set(asg_t *g, int sid, int len, int del)
{
	///just malloc size
	if (sid >= (int)g->m_seq) {
		g->m_seq = sid + 1;
		kv_roundup32(g->m_seq);
		g->seq = (asg_seq_t*)realloc(g->seq, g->m_seq * sizeof(asg_seq_t));
	}

	if (sid >= g->n_seq) g->n_seq = sid + 1;
	
    g->seq[sid].del = !!del;
    g->seq[sid].len = len;
}

ma_utg_t* asg_F_seq_set(asg_t *g, int iid)
{
    if(iid < (int)g->r_seq) return NULL;
    uint32_t index = iid - g->r_seq, pre_n_F_seq = g->n_F_seq;

	///just malloc size
	if (index >= g->n_F_seq) {
		g->n_F_seq = index + 1;
		kv_roundup32(g->n_F_seq);
        g->F_seq = (ma_utg_t*)realloc(g->F_seq, g->n_F_seq*sizeof(ma_utg_t));
        memset(g->F_seq + pre_n_F_seq, 0, sizeof(ma_utg_t)*(g->n_F_seq-pre_n_F_seq));
	}

    return &(g->F_seq[index]);
}



// hard remove arcs marked as "del"
void asg_arc_rm(asg_t *g)
{
	/**
	p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
	                    qns            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
	p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
				        tns              relative strand between query and target
	p->ol: overlap length
	**/
	uint32_t e, n;
	///just clean arc requiring: 1. arc it self must be available 2. both the query and target are available
	for (e = n = 0; e < g->n_arc; ++e) {
		//u and v is the read id
		uint32_t u = g->arc[e].ul>>32, v = g->arc[e].v;
		if (!g->arc[e].del && !g->seq[u>>1].del && !g->seq[v>>1].del)
			g->arc[n++] = g->arc[e];
	}
	if (n < g->n_arc) { // arc index is out of sync
		if (g->idx) free(g->idx);
		g->idx = 0;
	}
	g->n_arc = n;
}

void asg_cleanup(asg_t *g)
{
    ///remove overlaps, instead of reads
    ///remove edges with del, and free idx
	asg_arc_rm(g);
	if (!g->is_srt) {
		/**
		 * sort by ul, that is, sort by qns + direction
		 * ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
	                       qns            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
		**/
		asg_arc_sort(g);
		g->is_srt = 1;
	}
	///index the overlaps in graph with query id
	if (g->idx == 0) asg_arc_index(g);
}



// delete multi-arcs
/**
 * remove edges like:   v has two out-edges to w
**/
int asg_arc_del_multi(asg_t *g)
{
	//the number of nodes are number of read times 2
	uint32_t *cnt, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_multi = 0, v;
	cnt = (uint32_t*)calloc(n_vtx, 4);
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) {
		///out-nodes of v
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		int32_t i, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		///if v just have one out-node, there is no muti-edge
		if (nv < 2) continue;
		for (i = nv - 1; i >= 0; --i) ++cnt[av[i].v];
		for (i = nv - 1; i >= 0; --i)
			if (--cnt[av[i].v] != 0)
				av[i].del = 1, ++n_multi;
	}
	free(cnt);
	if (n_multi) asg_cleanup(g);

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d multi-arcs\n", __func__, n_multi);
    }
	
	return n_multi;
}

// remove asymmetric arcs: u->v is present, but v'->u' not
int asg_arc_del_asymm(asg_t *g)
{
	uint32_t e, n_asymm = 0;
	///g->n_arc is the number of overlaps 
	for (e = 0; e < g->n_arc; ++e) {
		uint32_t v = g->arc[e].v^1, u = g->arc[e].ul>>32^1;
		uint32_t i, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
			if (av[i].v == u) break;
		if (i == nv) g->arc[e].del = 1, ++n_asymm;
	}
	if (n_asymm) asg_cleanup(g);
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
	    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d asymmetric arcs\n", __func__, n_asymm);
    }
	return n_asymm;
}


void asg_symm(asg_t *g)
{
	asg_arc_del_multi(g);
	asg_arc_del_asymm(g);
	g->is_symm = 1;
}

void init_ma_hit_t_alloc(ma_hit_t_alloc* x)
{
    x->size = 0;
    x->buffer = NULL;
    x->length = 0;
}

void clear_ma_hit_t_alloc(ma_hit_t_alloc* x)
{
    x->length = 0;
}

void resize_ma_hit_t_alloc(ma_hit_t_alloc* x, uint32_t size)
{
	if (size > x->size) {
		x->size = size;
		kroundup32(x->size);
		REALLOC(x->buffer, x->size);
	}
}

void destory_ma_hit_t_alloc(ma_hit_t_alloc* x)
{
	free(x->buffer);
}

void add_ma_hit_t_alloc(ma_hit_t_alloc* x, ma_hit_t* element)
{
	if (x->length + 1 > x->size) {
		x->size = x->length + 1;
		kroundup32(x->size);
		REALLOC(x->buffer, x->size);
	}
	x->buffer[x->length++] = *element;
}


long long get_specific_overlap(ma_hit_t_alloc* x, uint32_t qn, uint32_t tn)
{
    long long i;
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        if(x->buffer[i].tn == tn 
        &&
          ((uint32_t)(x->buffer[i].qns>>32)) == qn)
        {
            return i;
        }        
    }

    return -1;
}



inline void set_reverse_overlap(ma_hit_t* dest, ma_hit_t* source)
{
    dest->qns = Get_tn(*source);
    dest->qns = dest->qns << 32;
    dest->qns = dest->qns | Get_ts(*source);
    dest->qe = Get_te(*source);


    dest->tn = Get_qn(*source);
    dest->ts = Get_qs(*source);
    dest->te = Get_qe(*source);

    dest->rev = source->rev;
    dest->el = source->el;


    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
    /**
    if(dest->ml == 0 || source->ml == 0)
    {
        dest->ml = source->ml = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        dest->ml = source->ml = 1;
    }


    if(dest->no_l_indel == 0 || source->no_l_indel == 0)
    {
        dest->no_l_indel = source->no_l_indel = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        dest->no_l_indel = source->no_l_indel = 1;
    }
    **/
    dest->ml = source->ml;
    dest->no_l_indel = source->no_l_indel;
    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
    dest->bl = Get_qe(*dest) - Get_qs(*dest);
}




void normalize_ma_hit_t_single_side_advance(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, long long num_sources)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

    long long i, j, index;
    uint32_t qn, tn, is_del = 0;
    long long qLen_0, qLen_1;
    ma_hit_t ele;
    for (i = 0; i < num_sources; i++)
    {

        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            qn = Get_qn(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            tn = Get_tn(sources[i].buffer[j]);

            sources[i].buffer[j].bl = Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]);

            ///if(sources[i].buffer[j].del) continue;

            index = get_specific_overlap(&(sources[tn]), tn, qn);


            ///if(index != -1 && sources[tn].buffer[index].del == 0)
            if(index != -1)
            {
                is_del = 0;
                if(sources[i].buffer[j].del || sources[tn].buffer[index].del)
                {
                    is_del = 1;
                }

                qLen_0 = Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]);
                qLen_1 = Get_qe(sources[tn].buffer[index]) - Get_qs(sources[tn].buffer[index]);

                if(qLen_0 == qLen_1)
                {
                    ///qn must be not equal to tn
                    ///make sources[qn] = sources[tn] if qn > tn
                    if(qn < tn)
                    {
                        set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));
                    }
                }
                else if(qLen_0 > qLen_1)
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));
                }
                
                sources[i].buffer[j].del = is_del;
                sources[tn].buffer[index].del = is_del;
            }
            else ///means this edge just occurs in one direction
            {
                set_reverse_overlap(&ele, &(sources[i].buffer[j]));
                sources[i].buffer[j].del = ele.del = 1;
                add_ma_hit_t_alloc(&(sources[tn]), &ele);
            }
        }
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2fs\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
}


void get_end_match_length(ma_hit_t* edge, UC_Read* query, UC_Read* target,
uint32_t* left, uint32_t* right)
{
    (*left) = (*right) = 0;

    uint32_t query_beg, query_end, target_beg, target_end, targetLen, oLen;
    long long i;
    targetLen = Get_READ_LENGTH(R_INF, Get_tn(*edge));
    query_beg = Get_qs(*edge);
    query_end = Get_qe(*edge)-1;
    recover_UC_Read(query, &R_INF, Get_qn(*edge));
    
    if(edge->rev)
    {
        target_beg = targetLen-(Get_te(*edge)-1)-1;
        target_end = targetLen-Get_ts(*edge)-1;
        recover_UC_Read_RC(target, &R_INF, Get_tn(*edge));
    }
    else
    {
        target_beg = Get_ts(*edge);
        target_end = Get_te(*edge)-1;
        recover_UC_Read(target, &R_INF, Get_tn(*edge));
    }

    oLen = Get_qe(*edge) - Get_qs(*edge);
    /***************************left*******************************/
    for (i = 0; i < oLen; i++)
    {
        if(query->seq[query_beg+i]!=target->seq[target_beg+i]) break;
        (*left)++;
    }
    /***************************left*******************************/

    /***************************right*******************************/
    for (i = 0; i < oLen; i++)
    {
        if(query->seq[query_end-i]!=target->seq[target_end-i]) break;
        (*right)++;
    }
    /***************************right*******************************/
    
}

void normalize_ma_hit_t_single_side_aggressive(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, long long num_sources)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

    ///long long debug_prefect = 0, debug_not_bad = 0, debug_bad = 0;

    UC_Read query, target;
    init_UC_Read(&query);
    init_UC_Read(&target);

    long long i, j, index;
    uint32_t qn, tn, queryLeftLen, queryRightLen, targetLeftLen, targetRightLen;
    long long qLen_0, qLen_1, m;
    for (i = 0; i < num_sources; i++)
    {

        m = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            qn = Get_qn(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            tn = Get_tn(sources[i].buffer[j]);

            sources[i].buffer[j].bl = Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]);

            index = get_specific_overlap(&(sources[tn]), tn, qn);


            if(index != -1)
            {
                sources[tn].buffer[index].bl = Get_qe(sources[tn].buffer[index]) 
                                                            - Get_qs(sources[tn].buffer[index]);

                if(Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]) == Get_ts(sources[tn].buffer[index])
                    &&
                   Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]) == Get_te(sources[tn].buffer[index])
                    && 
                   Get_ts(sources[i].buffer[j]) == Get_qs(sources[tn].buffer[index])
                    &&
                   Get_te(sources[i].buffer[j]) == Get_qe(sources[tn].buffer[index])
                    &&
                   sources[i].buffer[j].rev == sources[tn].buffer[index].rev)
                {
                    ///actually two edges are same, here is just to unify el, ml, no_l_indel, bl
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));

                    sources[i].buffer[m] = sources[i].buffer[j];
                    m++;

                    ///debug_prefect++;
                    continue;
                }


                get_end_match_length(&(sources[i].buffer[j]), &query, &target,
                &queryLeftLen, &queryRightLen);

                get_end_match_length(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &query, &target,
                &targetLeftLen, &targetRightLen);

                ///query is right
                if(queryLeftLen>0 && queryRightLen>0 && (targetLeftLen==0 || targetRightLen==0))
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));

                    sources[i].buffer[m] = sources[i].buffer[j];
                    m++;

                    ///debug_not_bad++;
                    continue;
                }


                ///target is right
                if(targetLeftLen>0 && targetRightLen>0 && (queryLeftLen==0 || queryRightLen==0))
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[i].buffer[j]), &(sources[tn].buffer[index]));

                    sources[i].buffer[m] = sources[i].buffer[j];
                    m++;

                    ///debug_not_bad++;
                    continue;
                }


                ///query is right
                if((queryLeftLen+queryRightLen)>(targetLeftLen+targetRightLen))
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));
                }///target is right
                else if((queryLeftLen+queryRightLen)<(targetLeftLen+targetRightLen))
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[i].buffer[j]), &(sources[tn].buffer[index]));
                }
                else
                {
                    qLen_0 = Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]);
                    qLen_1 = Get_qe(sources[tn].buffer[index]) - Get_qs(sources[tn].buffer[index]);
                    if(qLen_0 >= qLen_1)
                    {
                        set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[i].buffer[j]), &(sources[tn].buffer[index]));
                    }
                }

                sources[i].buffer[m] = sources[i].buffer[j];
                m++;

                ///debug_bad++;
            }
        }

        sources[i].length = m;
    }

    destory_UC_Read(&query);
    destory_UC_Read(&target);

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2fs\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    // fprintf(stderr, "debug_prefect: %ld, debug_not_bad: %ld, debug_bad: %ld\n", debug_prefect, debug_not_bad,
    // debug_bad);
}


void normalize_ma_hit_t_single_side(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, long long num_sources)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

    ///long long debug_prefect = 0, debug_not_bad = 0, debug_bad = 0;

    UC_Read query, target;
    init_UC_Read(&query);
    init_UC_Read(&target);

    long long i, j, index;
    uint32_t qn, tn, queryLeftLen, queryRightLen, targetLeftLen, targetRightLen;
    long long qLen_0, qLen_1, m;
    for (i = 0; i < num_sources; i++)
    {

        m = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            qn = Get_qn(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            tn = Get_tn(sources[i].buffer[j]);

            sources[i].buffer[j].bl = Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]);

            index = get_specific_overlap(&(sources[tn]), tn, qn);


            if(index != -1)
            {
                sources[tn].buffer[index].bl = Get_qe(sources[tn].buffer[index]) 
                                                            - Get_qs(sources[tn].buffer[index]);

                if(Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]) == Get_ts(sources[tn].buffer[index])
                    &&
                   Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]) == Get_te(sources[tn].buffer[index])
                    && 
                   Get_ts(sources[i].buffer[j]) == Get_qs(sources[tn].buffer[index])
                    &&
                   Get_te(sources[i].buffer[j]) == Get_qe(sources[tn].buffer[index])
                    &&
                   sources[i].buffer[j].rev == sources[tn].buffer[index].rev)
                {
                    ///actually two edges are same, here is just to unify el, ml, no_l_indel, bl
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));

                    sources[i].buffer[m] = sources[i].buffer[j];
                    m++;

                    ///debug_prefect++;
                    continue;
                }


                get_end_match_length(&(sources[i].buffer[j]), &query, &target,
                &queryLeftLen, &queryRightLen);

                get_end_match_length(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &query, &target,
                &targetLeftLen, &targetRightLen);

                ///query is right
                if(queryLeftLen>0 && queryRightLen>0 && (targetLeftLen==0 || targetRightLen==0))
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));

                    sources[i].buffer[m] = sources[i].buffer[j];
                    m++;

                    ///debug_not_bad++;
                    continue;
                }


                ///target is right
                if(targetLeftLen>0 && targetRightLen>0 && (queryLeftLen==0 || queryRightLen==0))
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[i].buffer[j]), &(sources[tn].buffer[index]));

                    sources[i].buffer[m] = sources[i].buffer[j];
                    m++;

                    ///debug_not_bad++;
                    continue;
                }

                /**
                ///query is right
                if((queryLeftLen+queryRightLen)>(targetLeftLen+targetRightLen))
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));
                }///target is right
                else if((queryLeftLen+queryRightLen)<(targetLeftLen+targetRightLen))
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[i].buffer[j]), &(sources[tn].buffer[index]));
                }
                else
                {
                    qLen_0 = Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]);
                    qLen_1 = Get_qe(sources[tn].buffer[index]) - Get_qs(sources[tn].buffer[index]);
                    if(qLen_0 >= qLen_1)
                    {
                        set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[i].buffer[j]), &(sources[tn].buffer[index]));
                    }
                }
                **/



                qLen_0 = Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]);
                qLen_1 = Get_qe(sources[tn].buffer[index]) - Get_qs(sources[tn].buffer[index]);
                if(qLen_0 >= qLen_1)
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[tn].buffer[index]), &(sources[i].buffer[j]));
                }
                else
                {
                    set_reverse_overlap(&(sources[i].buffer[j]), &(sources[tn].buffer[index]));
                }


                sources[i].buffer[m] = sources[i].buffer[j];
                m++;

                ///debug_bad++;
            }
        }

        sources[i].length = m;
    }

    destory_UC_Read(&query);
    destory_UC_Read(&target);

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2fs\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    // fprintf(stderr, "debug_prefect: %ld, debug_not_bad: %ld, debug_bad: %ld\n", debug_prefect, debug_not_bad,
    // debug_bad);
}



void drop_edges_by_trio(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, long long num_sources)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

    long long i, j;
    uint32_t qn, tn;
    for (i = 0; i < num_sources; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            if(sources[i].buffer[j].del) continue;
            
            qn = Get_qn(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            tn = Get_tn(sources[i].buffer[j]);

            if(R_INF.trio_flag[qn] != AMBIGU && R_INF.trio_flag[tn] != AMBIGU)
            {
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[qn] != R_INF.trio_flag[tn])
                {
                    sources[i].buffer[j].del = 1;
                    continue;
                }
            }

            sources[i].buffer[j].del = 0;
        }
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2fs\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
}



ma_hit_t* get_specific_overlap_with_del(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
uint32_t qn, uint32_t tn)
{
    if(coverage_cut[qn].del || coverage_cut[tn].del) return NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        if(x->buffer[i].del) continue;
        if(coverage_cut[Get_qn(x->buffer[i])].del) continue;
        if(coverage_cut[Get_tn(x->buffer[i])].del) continue;

        if(Get_tn(x->buffer[i])==tn 
        &&
           Get_qn(x->buffer[i])==qn)
        {
            return &(x->buffer[i]);
        }        
    }

    return NULL;
}



void delete_single_edge(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, uint32_t qn, uint32_t tn)
{
    ma_hit_t* tmp = get_specific_overlap_with_del(sources, coverage_cut, qn, tn);
    if(tmp != NULL) tmp->del = 1;
}

void delete_all_edges(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, uint32_t qn)
{
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        x->buffer[i].del = 1;
        delete_single_edge(sources, coverage_cut, Get_tn(x->buffer[i]), Get_qn(x->buffer[i]));
    }
    coverage_cut[qn].del = 1;
}


uint32_t get_real_sources_length(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query)
{
    uint32_t qn = query>>1;
    if(coverage_cut[qn].del) return 0;
    int32_t r;
    asg_arc_t t;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);
    uint32_t i, occ = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        if(h->del) continue;
        ///now the edge has not been removed
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        if(sq->del || st->del) continue;
        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
        ///if it is a contained read
        if(r < 0) continue;
        if((t.ul>>32) == query) occ++;
    }

    return occ;
}


uint32_t delete_all_edges_carefully(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t qn)
{
    if(coverage_cut[qn].del) return 0;

    int32_t r;
    asg_arc_t t;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);
    uint32_t i, keep_edge = 0;
    uint32_t flag[2];
    flag[0] = flag[1] = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        if(h->del) continue;
        ///now the edge has not been removed
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        if(sq->del || st->del)
        {
            h->del = 1;
            delete_single_edge(sources, coverage_cut, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h));
            continue;
        }
        
        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
        ///if it is a contained read
        if(r < 0)
        {
            h->del = 1;
            delete_single_edge(sources, coverage_cut, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h));
            continue;
        }
        
        if(get_real_sources_length(sources, coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, (t.v^1))==1)
        {
            flag[((t.ul>>32)^1)&1] = 1;
            keep_edge++;
            continue;
        }

        // h->del = 1;
        // delete_single_edge(sources, coverage_cut, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h));
    }


    if(keep_edge != 0)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
        {
            h = &(x->buffer[i]);
            if(h->del) continue;
            ///now the edge has not been removed
            sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
            st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
            if(sq->del || st->del) continue;
            
            r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                    asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
            ///if it is a contained read
            if(r < 0) continue;

            if(flag[(t.ul>>32)&1] == 1) continue;
            
            if(get_real_sources_length(sources, coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, (t.v^1))==1) continue;
            
            h->del = 1;
            delete_single_edge(sources, coverage_cut, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h));
        }
    }

    if(keep_edge == 0) coverage_cut[qn].del = 1;
    return keep_edge;
}


void ma_hit_contained_advance(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, long long n_read, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    ///uint32_t qn_num = 0, no_fully_qn_num = 0, tn_num = 0, no_fully_tn_num = 0;
    double startTime = Get_T();
	int32_t r;
	long long i, j, m;
	asg_arc_t t;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;


    for (i = 0; i < n_read; ++i) 
    {
        if(coverage_cut[i].del) continue;

        for (j = 0; j < (long long)sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            //check the corresponding two reads 
		    sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
            st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
            /****************************may have trio bugs********************************/
            if(sq->del || st->del) continue;
            if(h->del) continue;
            /****************************may have trio bugs********************************/
            r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
            ///r could not be MA_HT_SHORT_OVLP or MA_HT_INT
            if (r == MA_HT_QCONT) 
            {
                h->del = 1;
                delete_single_edge(sources, coverage_cut, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h));
        
                delete_all_edges(sources, coverage_cut, Get_qn(*h));
                set_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_qn(*h), Get_tn(*h), 0, NULL);

                // if(delete_all_edges_carefully(sources, coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                // Get_qn(*h))==0)
                // {
                //     set_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_qn(*h), Get_tn(*h), 0);
                // }
                // sq->del = 1;
                // set_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_qn(*h), Get_tn(*h), 0);
            }
		    else if (r == MA_HT_TCONT) 
            {
                h->del = 1;
                delete_single_edge(sources, coverage_cut, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h));

                delete_all_edges(sources, coverage_cut, Get_tn(*h));
                set_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h), 0, NULL);

                // if(delete_all_edges_carefully(sources, coverage_cut, max_hang, 
                // min_ovlp, Get_tn(*h)) == 0)
                // {
                //     set_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h), 0);
                //     no_fully_tn_num++;
                // }
                // st->del = 1;
                // set_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h), 0);
            }
        }
    }

    transfor_R_to_U(ruIndex);


    for (i = 0; i < n_read; ++i) 
    {
        m = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < (long long)sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            ma_hit_t *h = &(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            if(h->del) continue;
            ///both the qn and tn have not been deleted
            if(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)].del != 1 && coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)].del != 1)
            {
                h->del = 0;
                m++;
            }
            else
            {
                h->del = 1;
            }
        }

        ///if sources[i].length == 0, that means all overlapped reads with read i are the contained reads
        if(m == 0)
        {
            coverage_cut[i].del = 1;
        }
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
}


void ma_hit_flt(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, long long n_read, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
	long long i, j, rLen;
	asg_arc_t t;

    for (i = 0; i < n_read; ++i) 
    {
        rLen = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < (long long)sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            ma_hit_t *h = &(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            if(h->del) continue;
            //check the corresponding two reads 
		    const ma_sub_t *sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
            const ma_sub_t *st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
            int r;
		    if (sq->del || st->del) continue;
            ///[sq->s, sq->e) and [st->s, st->e) are the high coverage region in query and target
            ///here just exculde the overhang?
            ///in miniasm the 5-th option is 0.5, instead of 0.8
            /**note!!! h->qn and h->qs have been normalized by sq->s
             * h->ts and h->tn have been normalized by sq->e
             **/  
            ///here the max_hang = 1000, asm_opt.max_hang_rate = 0.8, min_ovlp = 50
            ///for me, there should not have any overhang..so r cannot be equal to MA_HT_INT
            ///sq->e - sq->s = the length of query; st->e - st->s = the length od target
            r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);


            ///for me, there should not have any overhang..so r cannot be equal to MA_HT_INT
            ///and I think if we use same min_ovlp in all functions, r also cannot be MA_HT_SHORT_OVLP
            ///so it does not matter we have ma_hit2arc or not
		    if (r >= 0 || r == MA_HT_QCONT || r == MA_HT_TCONT)
            {
                h->del = 0;
                rLen++;
            }
            else
            {
                h->del = 1;
                delete_single_edge(sources, coverage_cut, Get_tn(*h), Get_qn(*h));
            }
        
            
        }

        if(rLen == 0)
        {
            (coverage_cut)[i].del = 1;
        }
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
}





///a is the overlap vector, n is the length of overlap vector
///min_dp is used for coverage droping
///select reads with coverage >= min_dp
void ma_hit_sub(int min_dp, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, long long n_read, uint64_t* readLen, 
long long mini_overlap_length, ma_sub_t** coverage_cut)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

    (*coverage_cut) = (ma_sub_t*)malloc(sizeof(ma_sub_t)*n_read);

	uint64_t i, j, n_remained = 0;
	kvec_t(uint32_t) b = {0,0,0};

	///all overlaps in vector a has been sorted by qns
	///so for overlaps of one reads, it must be contiguous
	for (i = 0; i < (uint64_t)n_read; ++i) 
    {
        if(min_dp <= 1)
        {
            (*coverage_cut)[i].s = 0;
            (*coverage_cut)[i].e = readLen[i];
            (*coverage_cut)[i].del = 0;
            ++n_remained;
            continue;
        }


        kv_resize(uint32_t, b, sources[i].length);
        b.n = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            if(sources[i].buffer[j].del) continue;

            uint32_t qs, qe;
            qs = Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            qe = Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            kv_push(uint32_t, b, qs<<1);
			kv_push(uint32_t, b, qe<<1|1);
        }

        ///we can identify the qs and qe by the 0-th bit
		ks_introsort_uint32_t(b.n, b.a);
        ma_sub_t max, max2;
        max.s = max.e = max.del = max2.s = max2.e = max2.del = 0;
        int dp, start = 0;
        ///max is the longest subregion, max2 is the second longest subregion
        for (j = 0, dp = 0; j < b.n; ++j) 
        {
            int old_dp = dp;
            ///if a[j] is qe
            if (b.a[j]&1) 
            {
                --dp;
            }
            else
            {
                ++dp;
            } 
            
            /**
            min_dp is the coverage drop threshold
            there are two cases: 
                1. old_dp = dp + 1 (b.a[j] is qe); 2. old_dp = dp - 1 (b.a[j] is qs);
            if one read has multiple separate sub-regions with coverage >= min_dp, 
            does miniasm only select the longest one?
            **/
            if (old_dp < min_dp && dp >= min_dp) ///old_dp < dp, b.a[j] is qs
            { 
                ///case 2, a[j] is qs
                start = b.a[j]>>1;
            } 
            else if (old_dp >= min_dp && dp < min_dp) ///old_dp > min_dp, b.a[j] is qe
            {
                int len = (b.a[j]>>1) - start;
                if (len > (int)(max.e - max.s)) 
                {
                    max2 = max; 
                    max.s = start;
                    max.e = b.a[j]>>1;
                }
                else if (len > int(max2.e - max2.s)) 
                {
                    max2.s = start; 
                    max2.e = b.a[j]>>1;
                }
            }
        }


        ///max.e - max.s is the 
        if (max.e - max.s > 0) 
        {
            (*coverage_cut)[i].s = max.s;
            (*coverage_cut)[i].e = max.e;
            (*coverage_cut)[i].del = 0;
            ++n_remained;
		} 
        else 
        {
            (*coverage_cut)[i].s = (*coverage_cut)[i].e = 0;

            (*coverage_cut)[i].del = 1;
        }
	}

	free(b.a);
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {   
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
}




int boundary_verify(uint32_t x_interval_s, uint32_t x_interval_e, ma_hit_t* map, 
char* x_buffer, char* y_buffer, All_reads* R_INF)
{
    uint32_t xs, ys, dir, x_id, y_id, x_interval_Len, y_interval_Len, y_interval_s, y_interval_e;
    dir = (*map).rev;
    xs = Get_qs((*map));
    x_id = Get_qn((*map));
    y_id = Get_tn((*map));
    long long yLen = Get_READ_LENGTH((*R_INF), y_id);

    if(dir == 1)
    {
        ys = yLen - (Get_te((*map)) - 1) - 1;         
    }
    else
    {
        ys = Get_ts((*map));
    }
    ///[x_interval_s, x_interval_e)
    x_interval_Len = x_interval_e - x_interval_s;

    ///[y_interval_s, y_interval_e]
    y_interval_s = (x_interval_s - xs) + ys;
    if(y_interval_s >= yLen)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    y_interval_e = y_interval_s + x_interval_Len - 1;
    if(y_interval_e >= yLen)
    {
        y_interval_e = yLen - 1;
    }

    if(y_interval_e < y_interval_s)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    
    y_interval_Len = y_interval_e - y_interval_s + 1;


    if(y_interval_Len <= WINDOW)
    {
        return verify_single_window(y_interval_s, y_interval_e, ys, xs, y_id, x_id, 
                                                        dir, y_buffer, x_buffer, R_INF);
    }
    else
    {
        
        if(verify_single_window(y_interval_s, y_interval_s + WINDOW - 1, ys, xs, y_id, x_id, 
                                                        dir, y_buffer, x_buffer, R_INF) == 0)
        {
            return 0;
        }

        if(verify_single_window(y_interval_e - WINDOW + 1, y_interval_e, ys, xs, y_id, x_id, 
                                                        dir, y_buffer, x_buffer, R_INF) == 0)
        {
            return 0;
        }

        return 1;
    }
}


void collect_sides_trio(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, uint64_t rLen, ma_sub_t* max_left, ma_sub_t* max_right,
uint32_t trio_flag)
{
    long long j;
    uint32_t qs, qe;
    for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
    {
        if(paf->buffer[j].del) continue;

        if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(paf->buffer[j])] == trio_flag) continue;

        qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
        qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);

        ///overlaps from left side
        if(qs == 0)
        {
            if(qs < max_left->s) max_left->s = qs;
            if(qe > max_left->e) max_left->e = qe;
        }

        ///overlaps from right side
        if(qe == rLen)
        {
            if(qs < max_right->s) max_right->s = qs;
            if(qe > max_right->e) max_right->e = qe;
        }

        ///note: if (qs == 0 && qe == rLen)
        ///this overlap would be added to both b_left and b_right
        ///that is what we want
    }
}


void collect_contain_trio(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf1, ma_hit_t_alloc* paf2, uint64_t rLen, 
ma_sub_t* max_left, ma_sub_t* max_right, float overlap_rate, uint32_t trio_flag)
{
    long long j, new_left_e, new_right_s;
    new_left_e = max_left->e;
    new_right_s = max_right->s;
    uint32_t qs, qe;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* paf;

    if(paf1 != NULL)
    {
        paf = paf1;
        for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
        {
            if(paf->buffer[j].del) continue;

            if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(paf->buffer[j])] == trio_flag) continue;

            qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
            qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);
            ///check contained overlaps
            if(qs != 0 && qe != rLen)
            {
                ///[qs, qe), [max_left.s, max_left.e)
                if(qs < max_left->e && qe > max_left->e && max_left->e - qs > (overlap_rate * (qe -qs)))
                {
                    ///if(qe > max_left->e) max_left->e = qe;
                    if(qe > max_left->e && qe > new_left_e) new_left_e = qe;
                }

                ///[qs, qe), [max_right.s, max_right.e)
                if(qs < max_right->s && qe > max_right->s && qe - max_right->s > (overlap_rate * (qe -qs)))
                {
                    ///if(qs < max_right->s) max_right->s = qs;
                    if(qs < max_right->s && qs < new_right_s) new_right_s = qs;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if(paf2 != NULL)
    {
        paf = paf2;
        for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
        {
            if(paf->buffer[j].del) continue;

            if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(paf->buffer[j])] == trio_flag) continue;
            
            qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
            qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);
            ///check contained overlaps
            if(qs != 0 && qe != rLen)
            {
                ///[qs, qe), [max_left.s, max_left.e)
                if(qs < max_left->e && qe > max_left->e && max_left->e - qs > (overlap_rate * (qe -qs)))
                {
                    ///if(qe > max_left->e) max_left->e = qe;
                    if(qe > max_left->e && qe > new_left_e) new_left_e = qe;
                }

                ///[qs, qe), [max_right.s, max_right.e)
                if(qs < max_right->s && qe > max_right->s && qe - max_right->s > (overlap_rate * (qe -qs)))
                {
                    ///if(qs < max_right->s) max_right->s = qs;
                    if(qs < max_right->s && qs < new_right_s) new_right_s = qs;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    max_left->e = new_left_e;
    max_right->s = new_right_s;
}


void collect_sides(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, uint64_t rLen, ma_sub_t* max_left, ma_sub_t* max_right)
{
    long long j;
    uint32_t qs, qe;
    for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
    {
        if(paf->buffer[j].del) continue;

        qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
        qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);


        ///overlaps from left side
        if(qs == 0)
        {
            if(qs < max_left->s) max_left->s = qs;
            if(qe > max_left->e) max_left->e = qe;
        }

        ///overlaps from right side
        if(qe == rLen)
        {
            if(qs < max_right->s) max_right->s = qs;
            if(qe > max_right->e) max_right->e = qe;
        }

        ///note: if (qs == 0 && qe == rLen)
        ///this overlap would be added to both b_left and b_right
        ///that is what we want
    }
}

void collect_contain(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf1, ma_hit_t_alloc* paf2, uint64_t rLen, 
ma_sub_t* max_left, ma_sub_t* max_right, float overlap_rate)
{
    long long j, new_left_e, new_right_s;
    new_left_e = max_left->e;
    new_right_s = max_right->s;
    uint32_t qs, qe;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* paf;

    if(paf1 != NULL)
    {
        paf = paf1;
        for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
        {
            if(paf->buffer[j].del) continue;

            qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
            qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);
            ///check contained overlaps
            if(qs != 0 && qe != rLen)
            {
                ///[qs, qe), [max_left.s, max_left.e)
                if(qs < max_left->e && qe > max_left->e && max_left->e - qs > (overlap_rate * (qe -qs)))
                {
                    ///if(qe > max_left->e) max_left->e = qe;
                    if(qe > max_left->e && qe > new_left_e) new_left_e = qe;
                }

                ///[qs, qe), [max_right.s, max_right.e)
                if(qs < max_right->s && qe > max_right->s && qe - max_right->s > (overlap_rate * (qe -qs)))
                {
                    ///if(qs < max_right->s) max_right->s = qs;
                    if(qs < max_right->s && qs < new_right_s) new_right_s = qs;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if(paf2 != NULL)
    {
        paf = paf2;
        for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
        {
            if(paf->buffer[j].del) continue;

            qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
            qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);
            ///check contained overlaps
            if(qs != 0 && qe != rLen)
            {
                ///[qs, qe), [max_left.s, max_left.e)
                if(qs < max_left->e && qe > max_left->e && max_left->e - qs > (overlap_rate * (qe -qs)))
                {
                    ///if(qe > max_left->e) max_left->e = qe;
                    if(qe > max_left->e && qe > new_left_e) new_left_e = qe;
                }

                ///[qs, qe), [max_right.s, max_right.e)
                if(qs < max_right->s && qe > max_right->s && qe - max_right->s > (overlap_rate * (qe -qs)))
                {
                    ///if(qs < max_right->s) max_right->s = qs;
                    if(qs < max_right->s && qs < new_right_s) new_right_s = qs;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    max_left->e = new_left_e;
    max_right->s = new_right_s;
}



int intersection_check(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, uint64_t rLen, uint32_t interval_s, uint32_t interval_e)
{
    long long j, cov = 0;
    uint32_t qs, qe;

    for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
    {
        qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
        qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);
        ///[interval_s, interval_e) must be at least contained at one of the [qs, qe)
        if(qs<=interval_s && qe>=interval_e)
        {
            cov++;
        }
    }

    return cov;
}


int intersection_check_by_base(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, uint64_t rLen, uint32_t interval_s, uint32_t interval_e,
char* bq, char* bt)
{
    long long j;
    uint32_t qs, qe;

    for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
    {
        if(paf->buffer[j].del) continue;

        qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
        qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);
        ///[interval_s, interval_e) must be at least contained at one of the [qs, qe)
        if(qs<=interval_s && qe>=interval_e)
        {
            if(boundary_verify(interval_s, interval_e, &(paf->buffer[j]), bq, bt, &R_INF) == 0)
            {
                return 1;
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

void print_overlaps(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, long long rLen, long long interval_s, long long interval_e)
{
    long long j;

    fprintf(stderr, "left: \n");
    for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
    {
        if(Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]) == 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "?????? interval_s: %lld, interval_e: %lld, qn: %u, tn: %u, j: %lld, qs: %u, qe: %u, ts: %u, te: %u, dir: %u\n",
            interval_s, interval_e,
            Get_qn(paf->buffer[j]), Get_tn(paf->buffer[j]),
            j, Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]), Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]),
            Get_ts(paf->buffer[j]), Get_te(paf->buffer[j]),
            paf->buffer[j].rev);

            fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, Get_tn(paf->buffer[j])),
                Get_NAME(R_INF, Get_tn(paf->buffer[j])));
        }   
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "right: \n");
    for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
    {
        if(Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]) == rLen)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "?????? interval_s: %lld, interval_e: %lld, qn: %u, tn: %u, j: %lld, qs: %u, qe: %u, ts: %u, te: %u, dir: %u\n",
            interval_s, interval_e,
            Get_qn(paf->buffer[j]), Get_tn(paf->buffer[j]),
            j, Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]), Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]),
            Get_ts(paf->buffer[j]), Get_te(paf->buffer[j]),
            paf->buffer[j].rev);
            
            fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, Get_tn(paf->buffer[j])),
                Get_NAME(R_INF, Get_tn(paf->buffer[j])));
        }
    }


    fprintf(stderr, "middle: \n");
    for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
    {
        if(Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]) != 0 && Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]) != rLen)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "?????? interval_s: %lld, interval_e: %lld, qn: %u, tn: %u, j: %lld, qs: %u, qe: %u, ts: %u, te: %u, dir: %u\n",
            interval_s, interval_e,
            Get_qn(paf->buffer[j]), Get_tn(paf->buffer[j]),
            j, Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]), Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]),
            Get_ts(paf->buffer[j]), Get_te(paf->buffer[j]),
            paf->buffer[j].rev);
            
            fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, Get_tn(paf->buffer[j])),
                Get_NAME(R_INF, Get_tn(paf->buffer[j])));
        }
    }

}


void detect_chimeric_reads(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, long long n_read, uint64_t* readLen, 
ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, float shift_rate)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    init_aux_table();
    long long i, rLen, /**cov,**/ n_simple_remove = 0, n_complex_remove = 0, n_complex_remove_real = 0;
    uint32_t interval_s, interval_e;
    ma_sub_t max_left, max_right;
    kvec_t(char) b_q = {0,0,0};
    kvec_t(char) b_t = {0,0,0};
    for (i = 0; i < n_read; ++i) 
    {
        coverage_cut[i].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        rLen = readLen[i];


        max_left.s = max_right.s = rLen;
        max_left.e = max_right.e = 0;

        collect_sides(&(paf[i]), rLen, &max_left, &max_right);
        ///collect_sides(&(rev_paf[i]), rLen, &max_left, &max_right);
        ///that means this read is an end node
        if(max_left.s == rLen || max_right.s == rLen)
        {
            continue;
        }

        collect_contain(&(paf[i]), NULL, rLen, &max_left, &max_right, 0.1);
        ///collect_contain(&(paf[i]), &(rev_paf[i]), rLen, &max_left, &max_right, 0.1);

        ////shift_rate should be (asm_opt.max_ov_diff_final*2)
        ///this read is a normal read
        if (max_left.e > max_right.s && (max_left.e - max_right.s >= rLen * shift_rate))
        {
            continue;
        }

        ///simple chimeric reads
        if(max_left.e <= max_right.s)
        {
            delete_all_edges(paf, coverage_cut, i);            
            n_simple_remove++;
            continue;
        }

        ///now max_left.e >  max_right.s && max_left.e - max_right.s is small enough
        //[interval_s, interval_e)
        interval_s = max_right.s;
        interval_e = max_left.e;

        /**
        cov = 0;
        cov += intersection_check(&(paf[i]), rLen, interval_s, interval_e);
        cov += intersection_check(&(rev_paf[i]), rLen, interval_s, interval_e);
        if(interval_e - interval_s < WINDOW && cov <= 2)
        {
            coverage_cut[i].del = 1;
            paf[i].length = 0;
            n_complex_remove_real++;
        }
        else**/
        {
            kv_resize(char, b_q, WINDOW*4+20);
            kv_resize(char, b_t, WINDOW*4+20);
            if(intersection_check_by_base(&(paf[i]), rLen, interval_s, interval_e, b_q.a, b_t.a)
              /**||
              intersection_check_by_base(&(rev_paf[i]), rLen, interval_s, interval_e, b_q.a, b_t.a)**/)
            {
                delete_all_edges(paf, coverage_cut, i); 
                n_complex_remove_real++;
            }
        }

        n_complex_remove++;
    }

    free(b_q.a);
    free(b_t.a);

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s, n_simple_remove: %lld, n_complex_remove: %lld/%lld\n\n", 
        __func__, Get_T()-startTime, n_simple_remove, n_complex_remove_real, n_complex_remove);
    }
}


void ma_hit_cut(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, long long n_read, uint64_t* readLen, 
long long mini_overlap_length, ma_sub_t** coverage_cut)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
	size_t i, j;
    ma_hit_t* p;
    ma_sub_t* rq;
    ma_sub_t* rt;
    long long rLen = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < (uint64_t)n_read; ++i) 
    {
        rLen = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            ///this is a overlap
            p = &(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            if(p->del) continue;

            rq = &((*coverage_cut)[Get_qn(*p)]);
            rt = &((*coverage_cut)[Get_tn(*p)]);
            ///if any of target read and the query read has no enough coverage
		    if (rq->del || rt->del) continue;
            int qs, qe, ts, te;




            ///target and query in different strand
            if (p->rev) 
            {
                /**
                here is an example in different strand:
                                      
                                       (te) (rt->e)           (rt->s)    (ts)
                                        |      |                 |        |
                target ----------------------------------------------------
                                        ------------------------------------------- query
                                        qs                                qe
                **/
                qs = p->te < rt->e? Get_qs(*p): Get_qs(*p) + (p->te - rt->e);
                qe = p->ts > rt->s? p->qe : p->qe - (rt->s - p->ts);
                ts = p->qe < rq->e? p->ts : p->ts + (p->qe - rq->e);
                te = Get_qs(*p) > rq->s? p->te : p->te - (rq->s - Get_qs(*p));
            }
            else ///target and query in same strand
            { 
                /**
                note: ts is the targe start in this overlap, 
                while rt->s is the high coverage start in the whole target (not only in this overlap)
                so this line is to normalize the qs in quey to high coverage region
                **/
                //(rt->s - p->ts) is the offset        
                qs = p->ts > rt->s? Get_qs(*p): Get_qs(*p) + (rt->s - p->ts); 
                //(p->te - rt->e) is the offset
                qe = p->te < rt->e? p->qe : p->qe - (p->te - rt->e);
                //(rq->s - Get_qs(*p) is the offset
                ts = Get_qs(*p) > rq->s? p->ts : p->ts + (rq->s - Get_qs(*p));
                //(p->qe - rq->e) is the offset
                te = p->qe < rq->e? p->te : p->te - (p->qe - rq->e);
		    }

            

            //cut by self coverage
            //and normalize the qs, qe, ts, te by rq->s and rt->e
            qs = ((uint32_t)qs > rq->s? qs : rq->s) - rq->s;
            qe = ((uint32_t)qe < rq->e? qe : rq->e) - rq->s;
            ts = ((uint32_t)ts > rt->s? ts : rt->s) - rt->s;
            te = ((uint32_t)te < rt->e? te : rt->e) - rt->s;

            if (qe - qs >= mini_overlap_length && te - ts >= mini_overlap_length) 
            {
                ///p->qns = p->qns>>32<<32 | qs;
                p->qns = p->qns>>32;
                p->qns = p->qns << 32;
                p->qns = p->qns | qs;

                p->qe = qe;
                p->ts = ts;
                p->te = te;
                p->del = 0;
                rLen++;
		    }
            else
            {
                p->del = 1;
                delete_single_edge(sources, (*coverage_cut), Get_tn(*p), Get_qn(*p));
                ///delete_all_edges(paf, coverage_cut, i); 
            }
        }

        if(rLen == 0)
        {
            (*coverage_cut)[i].del = 1;
        }
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
    
}



/**********************************
 * Filter short potential unitigs *
 **********************************/
#define ASG_ET_MERGEABLE 0
#define ASG_ET_TIP       1
#define ASG_ET_MULTI_OUT 2
#define ASG_ET_MULTI_NEI 3

static inline int asg_is_utg_end(const asg_t *g, uint32_t v, uint64_t *lw)
{
    
	/**
	..............................
	.  w1---------------         .
	.    w2--------------        .
	.       w3--------------     .--->asg_arc_a(g, v^1)
	.          w4-------------   .
	.             w5------------ .
	..............................
						v---------------
						..............................
						.  w1---------------         .
						.    w2--------------        .
						.       w3--------------     .--->asg_arc_a(g, v)
						.          w4-------------   .
						.             w5------------ .
						..............................
    !!!!!note here the graph has already been cleaned by transitive reduction, so idealy:

        .........................
        .    w1---------------  .--->asg_arc_a(g, v^1)
        .........................
                            v---------------
                                    .........................
                                    .    w5---------------  .--->asg_arc_a(g, v)
                                    .........................

	**/
	///v^1 is the another direction of v
	uint32_t w, nv, nw, nw0, nv0 = asg_arc_n(g, v^1);
	int i, i0 = -1;
	asg_arc_t *aw, *av = asg_arc_a(g, v^1);

	///if this arc has not been deleted
	for (i = nv = 0; i < (int)nv0; ++i)
		if (!av[i].del) i0 = i, ++nv;

	///end without any out-degree
	if (nv == 0) return ASG_ET_TIP; // tip

    /**
        since the graph has already been cleaned by transitive reduction,
        w1 and w2 should not be overlapped with each other
        that mean v has mutiple in-edges, and each of them is not overlapped with others
        .........................
        .    w2---------------  .--->asg_arc_a(g, v^1)
        .    w1---------------  .
        .........................
                            v---------------

	**/
	if (nv > 1) return ASG_ET_MULTI_OUT; // multiple outgoing arcs



	
    /**
     * ///until here, nv == 1
        note the graph has already been cleaned by transitive reduction,
        .........................
        .    w1---------------  .--->asg_arc_a(g, v^1)
        .........................
                            v---------------
	**/
	/**
	p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
	                    qn            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
						                 (based on query)
	p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
				        tn             reverse direction of overlap
						                  (based on target)
	p->ol: overlap length
	**/
	///until here, nv == 1
	if (lw) *lw = av[i0].ul<<32 | av[i0].v;
	/**
	p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
	                    qns            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
						                 (based on query)
	p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
				        tns             reverse direction of overlap
						                  (based on target)
	p->ol: overlap length
	**/
	w = av[i0].v ^ 1;
	nw0 = asg_arc_n(g, w);
	aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
	for (i = nw = 0; i < (int)nw0; ++i)
		if (!aw[i].del) ++nw;


    /**
        note nw is at least 1, since we have v 
        nw > 1 means
        .........................
        . av[i0].v^1----------  .--->asg_arc_a(g, v^1)
        .........................
                        v---------------
                        w---------------
                        z---------------
        asg_arc_a(av[i0].v^1) is the (v, w, z), and v, w, z are not overlapped with each others
	**/
	if (nw != 1) return ASG_ET_MULTI_NEI;

	/**
     *  nw == 1 means
        note the graph has already been cleaned by transitive reduction,
        .........................
        .    w1---------------  .--->asg_arc_a(g, v^1)
        .........................
                            v---------------
                                    .........................
                                    .    w5---------------  .--->asg_arc_a(g, v)
                                    .........................

	**/
	return ASG_ET_MERGEABLE;
}


int asg_extend(const asg_t *g, uint32_t v, int max_ext, asg64_v *a)
{
	int ret;
	uint64_t lw;
	a->n = 0;
	kv_push(uint64_t, *a, v);
	do {
        /**
		 test (v) and (v^1), 
         if the out-degrees of both (v) and (v^1) are 1, ret == 0
        **/
		ret = asg_is_utg_end(g, v^1, &lw);
        /**
        #define ASG_ET_MERGEABLE 0
        #define ASG_ET_TIP       1
        #define ASG_ET_MULTI_OUT 2
        #define ASG_ET_MULTI_NEI 3
        **/
		if (ret != 0) break;
		kv_push(uint64_t, *a, lw);
		/**
		 ret == 0 means: 
		   v^1 and is the only prefix of (uint32_t)lw, 
		   and (uint32_t)lw is the only prefix of v^1
		**/
		
		v = (uint32_t)lw;
	} while (--max_ext > 0);
	return ret;
}


static inline int asg_is_single_edge(const asg_t *g, uint32_t v, uint32_t start_node)
{
    
	/**
	..............................
	.  w1---------------         .
	.    w2--------------        .
	.       w3--------------     .--->asg_arc_a(g, v^1)
	.          w4-------------   .
	.             w5------------ .
	..............................
						v---------------
						..............................
						.  w1---------------         .
						.    w2--------------        .
						.       w3--------------     .--->asg_arc_a(g, v)
						.          w4-------------   .
						.             w5------------ .
						..............................
    !!!!!note here the graph has already been cleaned by transitive reduction, so idealy:

        .........................
        .    w1---------------  .--->asg_arc_a(g, v^1)
        .........................
                            v---------------
                                    .........................
                                    .    w5---------------  .--->asg_arc_a(g, v)
                                    .........................

	**/
	///v^1 is the another direction of v
	uint32_t nv, nv0 = asg_arc_n(g, v^1);
	int i;
	asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v^1);

    int flag = 0;
	///if this arc has not been deleted
	for (i = nv = 0; i < (int)nv0; ++i)
    {
        ///if (!av[i].del)
        {
            ++nv;
            if(av[i].v>>1 == start_node)
            {
                flag = 1;
            }
        } 
    }
		
    if(flag == 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "****ERROR\n");
    }

    return nv;
}

void debug_info_of_specfic_node(char* name, asg_t *g, R_to_U* ruIndex, char* command)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "\n\n\n");
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, queryLen = strlen(name), flag = 0, contain_rId, is_Unitig;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(queryLen == Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, (v>>1)) && memcmp(name, Get_NAME(R_INF, (v>>1)), Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, (v>>1))) == 0)
        {
            if(flag == 0) fprintf(stderr, "\nafter %s\n", command);
            fprintf(stderr, "****************graph ref_read: %.*s, id: %u, dir: %u****************\n", 
            (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, (v>>1)), Get_NAME(R_INF, (v>>1)), v>>1, v&1);
            if(g->seq[v>>1].del)
            {
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, (v>>1), &contain_rId, &is_Unitig);
                if(contain_rId != (uint32_t)-1 && is_Unitig != 1)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "read is deleted as a contained read by: %.*s\n contain_rId: %u, del: %u\n", 
                    (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, contain_rId), Get_NAME(R_INF, contain_rId), contain_rId, g->seq[contain_rId].del);
                }
                else
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "read has already been deleted.\n");
                }
                
                return;
            }

            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            uint32_t i, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "target: %.*s, el: %u, strong: %u, ol: %u, del: %u\n", 
                (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, (av[i].v>>1)), 
                Get_NAME(R_INF, (av[i].v>>1)),
                av[i].el, av[i].strong, av[i].ol, av[i].del);
            }
            flag = 1;
        }
    }
}


asg_t *ma_sg_gen(const ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, long long n_read, const ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
	size_t i, j;
	asg_t *g;
	///just calloc
	g = asg_init();

	///add seq to graph, seq just save the length of each read
	for (i = 0; i < (uint64_t)n_read; ++i) 
    {
        ///if a read has been deleted, should we still add them?
		asg_seq_set(g, i, coverage_cut[i].e - coverage_cut[i].s, coverage_cut[i].del);
        g->seq[i].c = coverage_cut[i].c;
	}

    g->seq_vis = (uint8_t*)calloc(g->n_seq*2, sizeof(uint8_t));

    for (i = 0; i < (uint64_t)n_read; ++i) 
    {
        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            int r;
		    asg_arc_t t, *p;
		    const ma_hit_t *h = &(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            if(h->del) continue;

            //high coverage region [sub[qn].e, sub[qn].s) in query
            int ql = coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)].e - coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)].s;
            //high coverage region [sub[qn].e, sub[qn].s) in target
            int tl = coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)].e - coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)].s;
		    r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
            /**
            #define MA_HT_INT       (-1)
            #define MA_HT_QCONT      (-2)
            #define MA_HT_TCONT      (-3)
            #define MA_HT_SHORT_OVLP (-4)
            the short overlaps and the overlaps with contain reads have already been removed
            here we should have overhang
            so r should always >= 0
            **/
            if (r >= 0) 
            {
                ///push node?
                p = asg_arc_pushp(g);
                *p = t;
		    }
            else
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
            }
        }
    }

    asg_cleanup(g);
    g->r_seq = g->n_seq;

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

	return g;
}




// pop bubbles from vertex v0; the graph MJUST BE symmetric: if u->v present, v'->u' must be present as well
//note!!!!!!!! here we don't exculde the deleted edges
static uint64_t asg_bub_finder_with_del_advance(asg_t *g, uint32_t v0, int max_dist, buf_t *b)
{
	uint32_t i, n_pending = 0;
	uint64_t n_pop = 0;
	///if this node has been deleted
	if (g->seq[v0>>1].del) return 0; // already deleted
	///asg_arc_n(n0)
	if ((uint32_t)g->idx[v0] < 2) return 0; // no bubbles
	///S saves nodes with all incoming edges visited
	b->S.n = b->T.n = b->b.n = b->e.n = 0;
	///for each node, b->a saves all related information
	b->a[v0].c = b->a[v0].d = 0;
	///b->S is the nodes with all incoming edges visited
	kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, v0);

	do {
		///v is a node that all incoming edges have been visited
		///d is the distance from v0 to v
		uint32_t v = kv_pop(b->S), d = b->a[v].d, c = b->a[v].c;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		///why we have this assert?
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
		///assert(nv > 0);
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/

		///all out-edges of v
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) { // loop through v's neighbors
			/**
			p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
								qn            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
												(in the view of query)
			p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
								tn             reverse direction of overlap
											(in the view of target)
			p->ol: overlap length
			**/
			uint32_t w = av[i].v, l = (uint32_t)av[i].ul; // v->w with length l
			binfo_t *t = &b->a[w];
			///that means there is a circle, directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			if (w == v0)
            {
                //fprintf(stderr, "n_pop error1\n");
                goto pop_reset;
            } 
            
			///if this edge has been deleted
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
			///if (av[i].del) continue;
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/

			///push the edge
			kv_push(uint32_t, b->e, (g->idx[v]>>32) + i);

			///find a too far path? directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			if (d + l > (uint32_t)max_dist)
            {
                //fprintf(stderr, "n_pop error2\n");
                break; // too far
            } 
            


			if (t->s == 0) { // this vertex has never been visited
				kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, w); // save it for revert
				///t->p means the in-node of w is v
				///t->s = 1 means w has been visited
				///d is len(v0->v), l is len(v->w), so t->d is len(v0->w)
				t->p = v, t->s = 1, t->d = d + l, t->c = c + 1;
				///incoming edges of w
				t->r = count_out_with_del(g, w^1);
				++n_pending;
			} else { // visited before
				///c seems the max weight of node
				if (c + 1 > t->c || (c + 1 == t->c && d + l > t->d)) t->p = v;
				if (c + 1 > t->c) t->c = c + 1;
				///update len(v0->w)
				if (d + l < t->d) t->d = d + l; // update dist
			}
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
			///assert(t->r > 0);
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
			//if all incoming edges of w have visited
			//push it to b->S
			if (--(t->r) == 0) {
				uint32_t x = asg_arc_n(g, w);
				if (x) kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, w);
				else kv_push(uint32_t, b->T, w); // a tip
				--n_pending;
			}
		}
		///if i < nv, that means (d + l > max_dist)
		if (i < nv || b->S.n == 0)
        {
            ///fprintf(stderr, "n_pop error3\n");
            goto pop_reset;
        } 
        
	} while (b->S.n > 1 || n_pending);
	///asg_bub_backtrack(g, v0, b);
	///n_pop = 1 | (uint64_t)b->T.n<<32;
    n_pop = 1;
pop_reset:
	for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i) { // clear the states of visited vertices
		binfo_t *t = &b->a[b->b.a[i]];
		t->s = t->c = t->d = 0;
	}
    ///fprintf(stderr, "n_pop: %d\n", n_pop);
	return n_pop;
}


// pop bubbles from vertex v0; the graph MJUST BE symmetric: if u->v present, v'->u' must be present as well
//note!!!!!!!! here we don't exculde the deleted edges
static uint64_t asg_bub_finder_without_del_advance(asg_t *g, uint32_t v0, int max_dist, 
buf_t *b)
{
	uint32_t i, n_pending = 0;
	uint64_t n_pop = 0;
	///if this node has been deleted
	if (g->seq[v0>>1].del) return 0; // already deleted
	///asg_arc_n(n0)
	if ((uint32_t)g->idx[v0] < 2) return 0; // no bubbles
    if(count_out_without_del(g, v0) < 2) return 0; // no bubbles


	///S saves nodes with all incoming edges visited
	b->S.n = b->T.n = b->b.n = b->e.n = 0;
	///for each node, b->a saves all related information
	b->a[v0].c = b->a[v0].d = 0;
	///b->S is the nodes with all incoming edges visited
	kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, v0);

	do {
		///v is a node that all incoming edges have been visited
		///d is the distance from v0 to v
		uint32_t v = kv_pop(b->S), d = b->a[v].d, c = b->a[v].c;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		///why we have this assert?
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
		///assert(nv > 0);
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/

		///all out-edges of v
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) { // loop through v's neighbors
			/**
			p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
								qn            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
												(in the view of query)
			p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
								tn             reverse direction of overlap
											(in the view of target)
			p->ol: overlap length
			**/
			uint32_t w = av[i].v, l = (uint32_t)av[i].ul; // v->w with length l
			binfo_t *t = &b->a[w];

            ///if this edge has been deleted
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
			if (av[i].del) continue;
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/

			///that means there is a circle, directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			if (w == v0)
            {
                //fprintf(stderr, "n_pop error1\n");
                goto pop_reset;
            } 
            

			///push the edge
			kv_push(uint32_t, b->e, (g->idx[v]>>32) + i);

			///find a too far path? directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			if (d + l > (uint32_t)max_dist)
            {
                //fprintf(stderr, "n_pop error2\n");
                break; // too far
            } 
            


			if (t->s == 0) { // this vertex has never been visited
				kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, w); // save it for revert
				///t->p means the in-node of w is v
				///t->s = 1 means w has been visited
				///d is len(v0->v), l is len(v->w), so t->d is len(v0->w)
				t->p = v, t->s = 1, t->d = d + l, t->c = c + 1;
				///incoming edges of w
				t->r = count_out_without_del(g, w^1);
				++n_pending;
			} else { // visited before
				///c seems the max weight of node
				if (c + 1 > t->c || (c + 1 == t->c && d + l > t->d)) t->p = v;
				if (c + 1 > t->c) t->c = c + 1;
				///update len(v0->w)
				if (d + l < t->d) t->d = d + l; // update dist
			}
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
			///assert(t->r > 0);
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
			//if all incoming edges of w have visited
			//push it to b->S
			if (--(t->r) == 0) {
				uint32_t x = asg_arc_n(g, w);
				if (x) kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, w);
				else kv_push(uint32_t, b->T, w); // a tip
				--n_pending;
			}
		}
		///if i < nv, that means (d + l > max_dist)
		if (i < nv || b->S.n == 0)
        {
            ///fprintf(stderr, "n_pop error3\n");
            goto pop_reset;
        } 
        
	} while (b->S.n > 1 || n_pending);
	///asg_bub_backtrack(g, v0, b);
	///n_pop = 1 | (uint64_t)b->T.n<<32;
    n_pop = 1;
pop_reset:
	for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i) { // clear the states of visited vertices
		binfo_t *t = &b->a[b->b.a[i]];
		t->s = t->c = t->d = 0;
	}
    ///fprintf(stderr, "n_pop: %d\n", n_pop);
	return n_pop;
}


// pop bubbles from vertex v0; the graph MJUST BE symmetric: if u->v present, v'->u' must be present as well
//note!!!!!!!! here we don't exculde the deleted edges
static uint64_t asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance(asg_t *g, uint32_t* v_Ns, uint32_t occ, 
int max_dist, buf_t *b, uint32_t exculde_init, uint32_t exclude_node, uint32_t* sink)
{
	uint32_t i, j, n_pending = 0;
	uint64_t n_pop = 0;
    ///S saves nodes with all incoming edges visited
    b->S.n = b->T.n = b->b.n = b->e.n = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < occ; j++)
    {
        ///if this node has been deleted
        if (g->seq[v_Ns[j]>>1].del) return 0; // already deleted
        ///for each node, b->a saves all related information
        b->a[v_Ns[j]].c = b->a[v_Ns[j]].d = 0;
        ///b->S is the nodes with all incoming edges visited
        kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, (v_Ns[j]<<1)|exculde_init);
    }
    

	
	do {
		///v is a node that all incoming edges have been visited
		///d is the distance from v0 to v
		uint32_t v = kv_pop(b->S), f = v & (uint32_t)1;
        v = v >> 1;
        uint32_t d = b->a[v].d, c = b->a[v].c;


		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		
		///all out-edges of v
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) { // loop through v's neighbors
			/**
			p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
								qn            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
												(in the view of query)
			p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
								tn             reverse direction of overlap
											(in the view of target)
			p->ol: overlap length
			**/
			uint32_t w = av[i].v, l = (uint32_t)av[i].ul; // v->w with length l
			binfo_t *t = &b->a[w];

            for (j = 0; j < occ; j++)
            {
                if(w == v_Ns[j]) goto pop_reset;
            }
            


            if(f && (exclude_node) == (w)) continue;

            ///if (av[i].del) continue;

			///push the edge
			kv_push(uint32_t, b->e, (g->idx[v]>>32) + i);

			///find a too far path? directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			if (d + l > (uint32_t)max_dist)
            {
                break; // too far
            } 
            


			if (t->s == 0) { // this vertex has never been visited
				kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, w); // save it for revert
				///t->p means the in-node of w is v
				///t->s = 1 means w has been visited
				///d is len(v0->v), l is len(v->w), so t->d is len(v0->w)
				t->p = v, t->s = 1, t->d = d + l, t->c = c + 1;
				///incoming edges of w
				t->r = count_out_with_del(g, w^1);
                ///t->r = count_out_without_del(g, w^1);
				++n_pending;
			} else { // visited before
				///c seems the max weight of node
				if (c + 1 > t->c || (c + 1 == t->c && d + l > t->d)) t->p = v;
				if (c + 1 > t->c) t->c = c + 1;
				///update len(v0->w)
				if (d + l < t->d) t->d = d + l; // update dist
			}
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
			///assert(t->r > 0);
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
			//if all incoming edges of w have visited
			//push it to b->S
			if (--(t->r) == 0) {
				uint32_t x = asg_arc_n(g, w);
				//if (x) kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, w);
                if (x) kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, w<<1);
				else kv_push(uint32_t, b->T, w); // a tip
				--n_pending;
			}
		}
		///if i < nv, that means (d + l > max_dist)
		if (i < nv || b->S.n == 0)
        {
            goto pop_reset;
        } 
        
	} while (b->S.n > 1 || n_pending);

    (*sink) = b->S.a[0]>>1;
	///asg_bub_backtrack(g, v0, b);
	///n_pop = 1 | (uint64_t)b->T.n<<32;
    n_pop = 1;
pop_reset:
	for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i) { // clear the states of visited vertices
		binfo_t *t = &b->a[b->b.a[i]];
		t->s = t->c = t->d = 0;
	}
	return n_pop;
}




int if_node_exist(uint32_t* nodes, uint32_t length, uint32_t query)
{
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        if((nodes[i]>>1) == query)
        {
            return 1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}




long long single_edge_length(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t endNode, long long edgeLen)
{
    
    uint32_t v = begNode;
    uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
    asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
    long long rLen = 0;

    while (rLen < edgeLen && nv == 1)
    {
        rLen++;
        if((av[0].v>>1) == endNode)
        {
            return rLen;
        }

        if(asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1) != 1)
        {
            return -1;
        }

        v = av[0].v;
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);      
    }

    return -1;   

}

uint32_t detect_single_path(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, long long* Len, buf_t* b)
{
    
    uint32_t v = begNode;
    uint32_t nv, rnv;
    asg_arc_t *av;
    (*Len) = 0;


    while (1)
    {
        (*Len)++;
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);   
        (*endNode) = v;

        if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);

        if(nv == 0)
        {
            return END_TIPS;
        }

        if(nv == 2)
        {
            return TWO_OUTPUT;
        }

        if(nv > 2)
        {
            return MUL_OUTPUT;
        }

        ///up to here, nv=1
        ///rnv must >= 1
        rnv = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1);
        v = av[0].v;
        (*endNode) = v;
        if(rnv == 2)
        {
            (*Len)++;
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            return TWO_INPUT;
        }

        if(rnv > 2)
        {
            (*Len)++;
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            return MUL_INPUT;
        }   


        if((v>>1) == (begNode>>1))
        {
            return LOOP;
        } 
    }

    return LONG_TIPS;   
}

int detect_bubble_end(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode1, uint32_t begNode2, uint32_t* endNode, 
long long* minLen, buf_t* b)
{
    uint32_t e1, e2;
    long long l1, l2;

    if(detect_single_path(g, begNode1, &e1, &l1, b) == TWO_INPUT 
       && 
       detect_single_path(g, begNode2, &e2, &l2, b) == TWO_INPUT)
    {
        if(e1 == e2)
        {
            (*endNode) = e1;
            (*minLen) = (l1 <= l2)? l1: l2;
            return 1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}


int detect_simple_bubble(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, long long* minLen, buf_t* b)
{
    uint32_t e1, e2;
    long long l1, l2;

    if(asg_arc_n(g, begNode) != 2)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if(asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, begNode)[0].v, begNode>>1)!=1
      || 
       asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, begNode)[1].v, begNode>>1)!=1)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, begNode>>1);

    


    if(detect_single_path(g, asg_arc_a(g, begNode)[0].v, &e1, &l1, b) == TWO_INPUT 
       && 
       detect_single_path(g, asg_arc_a(g, begNode)[1].v, &e2, &l2, b) == TWO_INPUT)
    {
        if(e1 == e2)
        {
            (*endNode) = e1;
            (*minLen) = (l1 <= l2)? l1: l2;
            (*minLen)++;
            return 1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}


uint32_t detect_single_path_with_single_bubbles(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, 
long long* Len, buf_t* b, uint32_t max_ext)
{
    
    uint32_t v = begNode;
    uint32_t nv, rnv;
    asg_arc_t *av;
    long long bLen;
    long long pre_b_n = 0;
    (*Len) = 0;

    
    
    while (1)
    {
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);   
        (*endNode) = v;
        (*Len)++;


        if((*Len) > max_ext)
        {
            return LONG_TIPS_UNDER_MAX_EXT;
        }

        
        if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);

 

        if(nv == 0)
        {
            return END_TIPS;
        }

        if(nv == 2)
        {


            if(b) pre_b_n = b->b.n;
            if(!detect_simple_bubble(g, v, &v, &bLen, b))
            {
                if(b) b->b.n = pre_b_n;
                return TWO_OUTPUT;
            }

            (*Len) = (*Len) + bLen - 2;
            continue;
        }

        if(nv > 2)
        {
            return MUL_OUTPUT;
        }

        ///up to here, nv=1
        ///rnv must >= 1
        rnv = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1);
        v = av[0].v;
        (*endNode) = v;
        if(rnv == 2)
        {
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            (*Len)++;
            return TWO_INPUT;
        }

        if(rnv > 2)
        {
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            (*Len)++;
            return MUL_INPUT;
        } 

        if((v>>1) == (begNode>>1))
        {
            return LOOP;
        }  
    }

    return LONG_TIPS;   
}

int detect_bubble_end_with_bubbles(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode1, uint32_t begNode2, 
uint32_t* endNode, long long* minLen, buf_t* b)
{
    uint32_t e1, e2;
    long long l1, l2;

    if(detect_single_path_with_single_bubbles(g, begNode1, &e1, &l1, b, (uint32_t)-1) == TWO_INPUT 
       && 
       detect_single_path_with_single_bubbles(g, begNode2, &e2, &l2, b, (uint32_t)-1) == TWO_INPUT)
    {
        if(e1 == e2)
        {
            (*endNode) = e1;
            (*minLen) = (l1 <= l2)? l1: l2;
            return 1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}


int detect_mul_bubble_end_with_bubbles(asg_t *g, uint32_t* begs, uint32_t occ, 
uint32_t* endNode, long long* minLen, buf_t* b)
{
    uint32_t e, flag, e_s;
    long long l, i, l_s;

    if(occ < 1) return 0;

    flag = detect_single_path_with_single_bubbles(g, begs[0], &e, &l, b, (uint32_t)-1);

    if(flag == TWO_INPUT || flag == MUL_INPUT)
    {
        e_s = e;
        l_s = l;
    }
    else
    {
        return 0;
    }
    


    for (i = 1; i < occ; i++)
    {
        flag = detect_single_path_with_single_bubbles(g, begs[i], &e, &l, b, (uint32_t)-1);
        if(flag == TWO_INPUT || flag == MUL_INPUT)
        {
            if(e != e_s) return 0;
            if(l < l_s) l_s = l;
        }
        else
        {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    if(asg_arc_n(g, e_s^1) == occ)
    {
        (*endNode) = e_s;
        (*minLen) = l_s;
        return 1;
    }
    
    return 0;
}


int detect_bubble_with_bubbles(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, long long* minLen, 
buf_t* b, uint32_t max_ext)
{
    uint32_t e1, e2;
    long long l1, l2;

    if(asg_arc_n(g, begNode) != 2)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if(asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, begNode)[0].v, begNode>>1)!=1
      || 
       asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, begNode)[1].v, begNode>>1)!=1)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, begNode>>1);


    if(detect_single_path_with_single_bubbles(g, asg_arc_a(g, begNode)[0].v, &e1, &l1, b, max_ext) == TWO_INPUT)
    {
        b->b.n--;
        if(detect_single_path_with_single_bubbles(g, asg_arc_a(g, begNode)[1].v, &e2, &l2, b, max_ext) == TWO_INPUT)
        {
            b->b.n--;
            if(e1 == e2)
            {
                (*endNode) = e1;
                (*minLen) = (l1 <= l2)? l1: l2;
                (*minLen)++;
                return 1;
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

int test_triangular_exact(asg_t *g, uint32_t* nodes, uint32_t length, 
uint32_t startNode, uint32_t endNode, int max_dist, buf_t* bub)
{
    
    uint32_t i, v, w;
    ///int flag0, flag1, node;
    int n_reduced = 0, todel;
    long long NodeLen_first[3];
    long long NodeLen_second[3];

    uint32_t Ns_first[3];
    uint32_t Ns_second[3];
    
    
    for (i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        v = nodes[i];

        if((v>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (v>>1) == (endNode>>1))
        {
            continue;
        }

        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        if(nv != 2)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if(av[0].v == av[1].v)
        {
            continue;
        }
        /**********************test first node************************/
        NodeLen_first[0] = NodeLen_first[1] = NodeLen_first[2] = -1;
        if(asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1) <= 2 && asg_is_single_edge(g, av[1].v, v>>1) <= 2)
        {
            NodeLen_first[asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1)] = 0;
            NodeLen_first[asg_is_single_edge(g, av[1].v, v>>1)] = 1;
        }
        ///one node has one out-edge, another node has two out-edges
        if(NodeLen_first[1] == -1 || NodeLen_first[2] == -1)
        {
            continue;
        }
       /**********************test first node************************/

        ///if the potiential edge has already been removed 
        if(av[NodeLen_first[2]].del == 1)
        {
            continue;
        }

        /**********************test second node************************/
        w = av[NodeLen_first[2]].v^1;
        asg_arc_t *aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
        uint32_t nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
        if(nw != 2)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
        }
        NodeLen_second[0] = NodeLen_second[1] = NodeLen_second[2] = -1;
        if(asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[0].v, w>>1) <= 2 && asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[1].v, w>>1) <= 2)
        {
            NodeLen_second[asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[0].v, w>>1)] = 0;
            NodeLen_second[asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[1].v, w>>1)] = 1;
        }
        ///one node has one out-edge, another node has two out-edges
        if(NodeLen_second[1] == -1 || NodeLen_second[2] == -1)
        {
            continue;
        }

        /**********************test second node************************/

        if(if_node_exist(nodes, length, (w>>1)) && ((w>>1) != (endNode>>1)))
        {

               uint32_t convex1 = 0, convex2 = 0, f1, f2;
               long long l1 = 0, l2 = 0;
               todel = 0;
               f1 = detect_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, av[0].v, av[1].v, &convex1, &l1, NULL);
               f2 = detect_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, aw[0].v, aw[1].v, &convex2, &l2, NULL);
               if(f1 && f2)
               {
                    if(((convex1>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex1>>1) == (endNode>>1)) && 
                     ((convex2>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex2>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
                     {
                         if(l1 <= min_thres || l2 <= min_thres)
                         {
                             continue;
                         } 

                         todel = 1;
                     } 
               }
               else if(f1)
               {
                  if(((convex1>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex1>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
                   {
                       if(l1 <= min_thres)
                       {
                           continue;
                       }

                       todel = 1;
                   }   
               }
               else if(f2)
               {
                   if(((convex2>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex2>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
                   {
                       if(l2 <= min_thres)
                       {
                           continue;
                       }

                       todel = 1;
                   }   
               }

            
               if(todel == 0)
               {
                   if(!f1)
                   {
                       Ns_first[0] = av[0].v; Ns_first[1] = av[1].v;
                       f1 = asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance(g, Ns_first, 2, max_dist, 
                       bub, 0, (u_int32_t)-1, &convex1);
                       l1 = min_thres + 10;
                   }

                   if(!f2)
                   {
                       Ns_second[0] = aw[0].v; Ns_second[1] = aw[1].v;
                       f2 = asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance(g, Ns_second, 2, max_dist, 
                       bub, 0, (u_int32_t)-1, &convex2);
                       l2 = min_thres + 10;
                   }




                    
                    if(f1 && f2)
                    {
                        if(((convex1>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex1>>1) == (endNode>>1)) && 
                        ((convex2>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex2>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
                        {
                            if(l1 <= min_thres || l2 <= min_thres)
                            {
                                continue;
                            } 

                            todel = 1;
                        } 
                    }
                    else if(f1)
                    {
                        if(((convex1>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex1>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
                        {
                            if(l1 <= min_thres)
                            {
                                continue;
                            }

                            todel = 1;
                        }   
                    }
                    else if(f2)
                    {
                        if(((convex2>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex2>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
                        {
                            if(l2 <= min_thres)
                            {
                                continue;
                            }

                            todel = 1;
                        }   
                    }
                    
               }
               
               
               if(todel)
               {
                   av[NodeLen_first[2]].del = 1;
                    ///remove the reverse direction
                    asg_arc_del(g, av[NodeLen_first[2]].v^1, av[NodeLen_first[2]].ul>>32^1, 1);
                    n_reduced++;
               }
 
        }

    }

    return n_reduced;
}





int find_single_link(asg_t *g, uint32_t link_beg, int linkLen, uint32_t* link_end)
{
    uint32_t v, w;
    v = link_beg^1;
    uint32_t nv, nw;
    asg_arc_t *av;
    int edgeLen = 0;

    nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
    av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
    if(nv != 1)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    v = av[0].v;

    while (edgeLen < linkLen)
    {
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        if(nv != 1)
        {
            return 0;
        }

        w = v^1;
        nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
        if(nw == 2)
        {
            (*link_end) = w;
            return 1;
        }
        else if(nw > 2)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        
        v = av[0].v;
        edgeLen++;
    }


    return 0;    
}


int if_edge_exist(asg_arc_t* edges, uint32_t length, uint32_t query)
{
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        if((edges[i].v>>1) == query)
        {
            return 1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

int test_quadangular_with_addition_node(asg_t *g, uint32_t* nodes, uint32_t length, 
uint32_t addition_node_length)
{
    
    uint32_t i, v, w;
    int flag, occ_v_0, occ_v_1, occ_w_0, occ_w_1;
    int n_reduced = 0;
    uint32_t v_out2_node, w_out2_node;
    uint32_t cut_edge_v, cut_edge_w;
    for (i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        v = nodes[i];
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        if(nv != 1)
        {
            continue;
        }
        /**********************test first node************************/
        flag = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1);
        if(flag != 2)
        {
            continue;
        }
       /**********************test first node************************/

        if(!find_single_link(g, v, addition_node_length, &w))
        {
            continue;
        }
        v = av[0].v^1;
        ///up to now, v and w is the node what we want
        asg_arc_t *aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
        uint32_t nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        if(nv!=2 || nw != 2)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
        }

        if(!if_node_exist(nodes, length, (v>>1)))
        {
            continue;
        }
        if(!if_node_exist(nodes, length, (w>>1)))
        {
            continue;
        }
        /**********************for v************************/
        occ_v_0 = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1);
        occ_v_1 = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[1].v, v>>1);
        if(occ_v_0 == occ_v_1)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if(occ_v_0 < 1 || occ_v_0 > 2)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if(occ_v_1 < 1 || occ_v_1 > 2)
        {
            continue;
        }

        if(occ_v_0 == 2)
        {
            v_out2_node = av[0].v^1;
            cut_edge_v = 0;
        }
        else
        {
            v_out2_node = av[1].v^1;
            cut_edge_v = 1;
        }
        if(!if_node_exist(nodes, length, (v_out2_node>>1)))
        {
            continue;
        }
        /**********************for v************************/

        /**********************for w************************/
        occ_w_0 = asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[0].v, w>>1);
        occ_w_1 = asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[1].v, w>>1);
        if(occ_w_0 == occ_w_1)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if(occ_w_0 < 1 || occ_w_0 > 2)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if(occ_w_1 < 1 || occ_w_1 > 2)
        {
            continue;
        }

        if(occ_w_0 == 2)
        {
            w_out2_node = aw[0].v^1;
            cut_edge_w = 0;
        }
        else
        {
            w_out2_node = aw[1].v^1;
            cut_edge_w = 1;
        }
        if(!if_node_exist(nodes, length, (w_out2_node>>1)))
        {
            continue;
        }
        /**********************for w************************/

        
        if(!if_edge_exist(asg_arc_a(g, w_out2_node), asg_arc_n(g, w_out2_node), (v_out2_node>>1)))
        {
            continue;
        }

        if(!if_edge_exist(asg_arc_a(g, v_out2_node), asg_arc_n(g, v_out2_node), (w_out2_node>>1)))
        {
            continue;
        }


        av[cut_edge_v].del = 1;
        ///remove the reverse direction
        asg_arc_del(g, av[cut_edge_v].v^1, av[cut_edge_v].ul>>32^1, 1);

        aw[cut_edge_w].del = 1;
        ///remove the reverse direction
        asg_arc_del(g, aw[cut_edge_w].v^1, aw[cut_edge_w].ul>>32^1, 1);


        n_reduced++;
    }

    return n_reduced;
}

int test_triangular_addition_exact(asg_t *g, uint32_t* nodes, uint32_t length, 
uint32_t startNode, uint32_t endNode, int max_dist, buf_t* bub)
{
    
    uint32_t i, j, v, w;
    ///int flag0, flag1, node;
    int n_reduced = 0, todel;
    uint32_t Nodes1[2]={0};
    uint32_t Nodes2[2]={0};

    uint32_t Ns_first[2]={0};
    uint32_t Ns_second[2]={0};


    
    for (i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        v = nodes[i];

        if((v>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (v>>1) == (endNode>>1))
        {
            continue;
        }

        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        if(nv != 1)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if(asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1) != 2)
        {
            continue;
        }


        w = v^1;
        asg_arc_t *aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
        uint32_t nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
        if(nw != 1)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if(asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[0].v, w>>1) != 2)
        {
            continue;
        }

        if((av[0].v>>1) == (aw[0].v>>1))
        {
            continue;
        }



        Nodes1[0] = av[0].v^1;
        Nodes2[0] = aw[0].v^1;

        
        for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
        {
            if((asg_arc_a(g, Nodes1[0])[j].v>>1)!= (v>>1))
            {
                Nodes1[1] = asg_arc_a(g, Nodes1[0])[j].v^1;
            }
        }

        for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
        {
            if((asg_arc_a(g, Nodes2[0])[j].v>>1)!= (v>>1))
            {
                Nodes2[1] = asg_arc_a(g, Nodes2[0])[j].v^1;
            }
        }
        
        if(asg_arc_n(g, Nodes1[1]) != 1 || asg_arc_n(g, Nodes2[1]) != 1)
        {
            continue;
        }

        if((Nodes1[1]>>1) == (Nodes2[1]>>1))
        {
            continue;
        }



        if(asg_arc_a(g, Nodes1[1])[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, Nodes2[1])[0].el == 0)
        {
            continue;
        }

        uint32_t convex1, convex2, f1, f2;
        long long l1, l2;
        todel = 0;

        if((Nodes1[0]^1) == (startNode^1) || (Nodes1[0]^1) == endNode)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if((Nodes2[1]^1) == (startNode^1) || (Nodes2[1]^1) == endNode)
        {
            continue;
        }

        f1 = detect_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, Nodes1[0]^1, Nodes2[1]^1, &convex1, &l1, NULL);


        if((Nodes2[0]^1) == (startNode^1) || (Nodes2[0]^1) == endNode)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if((Nodes1[1]^1) == (startNode^1) || (Nodes1[1]^1) == endNode)
        {
            continue;
        }

        f2 = detect_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, Nodes2[0]^1, Nodes1[1]^1, &convex2, &l2, NULL);


        if(f1 && f2)
        {
            if(((convex1>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex1>>1) == (endNode>>1)) && 
                ((convex2>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex2>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
            {
                if(l1 <= min_thres || l2 <= min_thres)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                todel = 1;
            }
        }
        else if(f1)
        {
           if(((convex1>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex1>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
            {
                if(l1 <= min_thres)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                todel = 1;
            }
        }
        else if(f2)
        {
            if(((convex2>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex2>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
            {
                if(l2 <= min_thres)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                todel = 1;
            }
        }

        if(todel == 0)
        {
            if(!f1)
            {
                Ns_first[0] = Nodes1[0]^1; Ns_first[1] = Nodes2[1]^1;
                f1 = asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance(g, Ns_first, 2, max_dist, 
                bub, 0, (u_int32_t)-1, &convex1);
                l1 = min_thres + 10;
            }

            if(!f2)
            {
                Ns_second[0] = Nodes2[0]^1; Ns_second[1] = Nodes1[1]^1;
                f2 = asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance(g, Ns_second, 2, max_dist, 
                bub, 0, (u_int32_t)-1, &convex2);
                l2 = min_thres + 10;
            }

            if(f1 && f2)
            {
                if(((convex1>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex1>>1) == (endNode>>1)) && 
                ((convex2>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex2>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
                {
                    if(l1 <= min_thres || l2 <= min_thres)
                    {
                        continue;
                    } 

                    todel = 1;
                } 
            }
            else if(f1)
            {
                if(((convex1>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex1>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
                {
                    if(l1 <= min_thres)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    todel = 1;
                }   
            }
            else if(f2)
            {
                if(((convex2>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (convex2>>1) == (endNode>>1)))
                {
                    if(l2 <= min_thres)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    todel = 1;
                }   
            }
            
        }

        
        if(todel)
        {
            if(av[0].el == 0 || aw[0].el == 0)
            {
                av[0].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(g, av[0].v^1, av[0].ul>>32^1, 1);

                aw[0].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(g, aw[0].v^1, aw[0].ul>>32^1, 1);
                
                n_reduced++;
            }
        }
    }

    return n_reduced;
}

int asg_arc_del_triangular_advance(asg_t *g, long long max_dist)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, n_reduced_a = 0;


    if (!g->is_symm) asg_symm(g);


    buf_t b;
	memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
	b.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));


    buf_t bub;
    memset(&bub, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    bub.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del)
        {
            continue;
        } 

        if(nv < 2)
        {
            continue;
        }


        ///if this is a bubble
        if(asg_bub_finder_with_del_advance(g, v, max_dist, &b) == 1)
        {
            n_reduced += test_triangular_exact(g, b.b.a, b.b.n, v, b.S.a[0], max_dist, &bub);
            n_reduced_a += test_triangular_addition_exact(g, b.b.a, b.b.n, v, b.S.a[0],max_dist, &bub);
        }

    }

    free(b.a); free(b.S.a); free(b.T.a); free(b.b.a); free(b.e.a);
    free(bub.a); free(bub.S.a); free(bub.T.a); free(bub.b.a); free(bub.e.a);

    if (n_reduced + n_reduced_a) {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d/%d triangular/triangular_a overlaps\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced, n_reduced_a);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    return n_reduced + n_reduced_a;
}






int check_if_cross(asg_t *g, uint32_t v)
{
    uint32_t N_list[5] = {0};
    if (g->seq[v>>1].del) return 0;
    uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
    asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
    if(nv != 2) return 0;
    if(asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1) != 2 || asg_is_single_edge(g, av[1].v, v>>1) != 2)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    if(av[0].v == av[1].v)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    N_list[0] = v;
    N_list[1] = av[0].v^1;
    N_list[2] = av[1].v^1;
    if(asg_arc_n(g, N_list[0]) != 2 || 
       asg_arc_n(g, N_list[1]) != 2 ||
       asg_arc_n(g, N_list[2]) != 2 )
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[0].v == asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[1].v)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[0].v == asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[1].v)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[0].v == (N_list[0]^1))
    {
        N_list[3] = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[1].v^1;
    }
    else if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[1].v == (N_list[0]^1))
    {
        N_list[3] = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[0].v^1;
    }

    if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[0].v == (N_list[0]^1))
    {
        N_list[4] = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[1].v^1;
    }
    else if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[1].v == (N_list[0]^1))
    {
        N_list[4] = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[0].v^1;
    }

    if(N_list[3] != N_list[4])
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if(asg_arc_n(g, N_list[0]) != 2 || 
        asg_arc_n(g, N_list[1]) != 2 ||
        asg_arc_n(g, N_list[2]) != 2 ||
        asg_arc_n(g, N_list[3]) != 2)
    {
        return 0;
    }


    uint32_t convex1, convex2, f1, f2;
    long long l1, l2;
    l1 = l2 = 0;
    int todel = 0;
    
    f1 = detect_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, N_list[0]^1, N_list[3]^1, &convex1, &l1, NULL);
    f2 = detect_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, N_list[1]^1, N_list[2]^1, &convex2, &l2, NULL);

    if(f1 && f2)
    {
        if(l1 > min_thres && l2 > min_thres)
        {
            todel = 1;
        }     
    }
    else if(f1)
    {
        if(l1 > min_thres)
        {
            todel = 1;
        }        
    }
    else if(f2)
    {
        if(l2 > min_thres)
        {
            todel = 1;
        }  
    }
    

    return todel;
}




typedef struct {
	int threadID;
    int thread_num;
    int check_cross;
    asg_t *g;
} para_for_simple_bub;

void* asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_pthread(void* arg)
{
    int thr_ID = ((para_for_simple_bub*)arg)->threadID;
    int thr_num = ((para_for_simple_bub*)arg)->thread_num;
    asg_t *g = ((para_for_simple_bub*)arg)->g;
    int check_cross = ((para_for_simple_bub*)arg)->check_cross;
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)    

	uint32_t v, w, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    buf_t b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    long long l, i;
    ///for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v)
    for (v = thr_ID; v < n_vtx; v = v + thr_num) 
    {
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;

        b.b.n = 0;

        if(g->seq_vis[v] != 1)
        {
            ///if(detect_bubble_with_bubbles(g, v, &w, &l, &b, (uint32_t)-1))
            if(detect_bubble_with_bubbles(g, v, &w, &l, &b, SMALL_BUBBLE_SIZE))
            {
                for (i = 0; i < (long long)b.b.n; i++)
                {
                    if(b.b.a[i] != (v>>1) && b.b.a[i] != (w>>1))
                    {
                        g->seq_vis[b.b.a[i]<<1] = 1;
                        g->seq_vis[(b.b.a[i]<<1) + 1] = 1;
                    }
                }
                g->seq_vis[v] = 1;
                g->seq_vis[w^1] = 1;
            }
        }

        if(check_cross == 1 && check_if_cross(g, v))
        {
            g->seq_vis[v] = 2;
        }
    }
    free(b.b.a);

    free(arg);

    return NULL;
}

int asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi_back(asg_t *g, int check_cross)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    memset(g->seq_vis, 0, g->n_seq*2*sizeof(uint8_t));

    pthread_t *_r_threads;

	_r_threads = (pthread_t *)malloc(sizeof(pthread_t)*asm_opt.thread_num);

    int i = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < asm_opt.thread_num; i++)
	{
        para_for_simple_bub* arg = (para_for_simple_bub*)malloc(sizeof(*arg));
        arg->g = g;
        arg->thread_num = asm_opt.thread_num;
        arg->threadID = i;
        arg->check_cross = check_cross;

        pthread_create(_r_threads + i, NULL, asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_pthread, (void*)arg);
	}
    

    for (i = 0; i<asm_opt.thread_num; i++)
		pthread_join(_r_threads[i], NULL);


    free(_r_threads);

    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    long long nodes, bub_nodes, cross_nodes;
    bub_nodes = nodes = cross_nodes = 0;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        nodes++;
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 1) bub_nodes++;
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 2) cross_nodes++;
    }


    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
    return bub_nodes+cross_nodes;
}

uint64_t asg_bub_pop1_label(asg_t *g, uint32_t v0, uint64_t max_dist, buf_s_t *b);
static void bubble_identify_worker(void *_data, long eid, int tid)
{
    bub_label_t *buf = (bub_label_t*)_data;
    buf_s_t *b = &(buf->b[tid]);
    uint32_t v = eid, i;
    asg_t *g = buf->g;
    if(g->seq[v>>1].del) return;
    if(asg_arc_n(g, v) < 2 || get_real_length(g, v, NULL) < 2) return;

    if(g->seq_vis[v] != 1 && asg_bub_pop1_label(g, v, buf->bub_dist, b))
    {
        //beg is v, end is b.S.a[0]
        //note b.b include end, does not include beg
        for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; i++)
        {
            if(b->b.a[i]==v || b->b.a[i]==b->S.a[0]) continue;
            g->seq_vis[b->b.a[i]] = 1;
            g->seq_vis[b->b.a[i]^1] = 1;
        }
        g->seq_vis[v] = 1;
        g->seq_vis[b->S.a[0]^1] = 1;
    }

    if(buf->check_cross == 1 && g->seq_vis[v] == 0 && check_if_cross(g, v))
    {
        g->seq_vis[v] = 2;
    }
}

uint64_t get_s_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(asg_t *g, buf_s_t *b);
int asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(asg_t *g, bub_label_t* x, int check_cross)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    memset(g->seq_vis, 0, g->n_seq*2*sizeof(uint8_t));
    uint64_t bub_dist = get_s_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(g, &(x->b[0]));
    ///fprintf(stderr, "+++[M::%s] takes %0.2f s, bub_dist: %lu\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime, bub_dist);
    // startTime = Get_T();

    reset_bub_label_t(x, g, bub_dist, check_cross);
    kt_for(x->n_thres, bubble_identify_worker, x, g->n_seq<<1);
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq<<1;
    long long nodes, bub_nodes, cross_nodes;
    bub_nodes = nodes = cross_nodes = 0;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        nodes++;
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 1) bub_nodes++;
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 2) cross_nodes++;
    }
    ///fprintf(stderr, "---[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
    return bub_nodes+cross_nodes;
}

int check_small_bubble(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t v, uint32_t w, 
long long* vLen, long long* wLen, uint32_t* endNode)
{
    uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
    uint32_t nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);

    asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
    asg_arc_t *aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
    if(nv != 1 || nw != 1)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    ///first node
    ///nv must be 1
    if(asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1) == 2)
    {
        uint32_t vv;
        vv = av[0].v^1;

        if(
            asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, vv)[0].v, vv>>1) == 1
            &&
            asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, vv)[1].v, vv>>1) == 1
            )
        {
            ///walk along first path
            long long pLen1;
            pLen1 = single_edge_length(g, asg_arc_a(g, vv)[0].v, begNode>>1, 1000);

            ///walk along first path
            long long pLen2;
            pLen2 = single_edge_length(g, asg_arc_a(g, vv)[1].v, begNode>>1, 1000);



            if(pLen1 >= 0 && pLen2 >= 0)
            {
                if(((asg_arc_a(g, vv)[0].v) == (v^1)) && pLen1 == 1)
                {
                    (*vLen) = pLen1;
                    (*wLen) = pLen2;
                }
                else if(((asg_arc_a(g, vv)[1].v) == (v^1)) && pLen2 == 1)
                {
                    (*vLen) = pLen2;
                    (*wLen) = pLen1;
                }
                else
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
                }
                ///(*endNode) = vv>>1;
                (*endNode) = vv;
                return 1;
            }

        }
    }


    ///second node
    ///nw must be 1
    if(asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[0].v, w>>1) == 2)
    {
        uint32_t ww;
        ww = aw[0].v^1;

        if(
            asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, ww)[0].v, ww>>1) == 1
            &&
            asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, ww)[1].v, ww>>1) == 1
            )
        {
            ///walk along first path
            long long pLen1;
            pLen1 = single_edge_length(g, asg_arc_a(g, ww)[0].v, begNode>>1, 1000);

            ///walk along first path
            long long pLen2;
            pLen2 = single_edge_length(g, asg_arc_a(g, ww)[1].v, begNode>>1, 1000);

            if(pLen1 >= 0 && pLen2 >= 0)
            {
                if(((asg_arc_a(g, ww)[0].v) == (w^1)) && pLen1 == 1)
                {
                    (*wLen) = pLen1;
                    (*vLen) = pLen2;
                }
                else if(((asg_arc_a(g, ww)[1].v) == (w^1)) && pLen2 == 1)
                {
                    (*wLen) = pLen2;
                    (*vLen) = pLen1;
                }
                else
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
                }

                //(*endNode) = ww>>1;
                (*endNode) = ww;

                return 1;
            }
       }
    }

    return 0;

}


int test_single_node_bubble(asg_t *g, uint32_t* nodes, uint32_t length, 
uint32_t startNode, uint32_t endNode)
{
    
    uint32_t i, v, w;
    uint32_t vEnd;
    int flag0, flag1;
    int n_reduced = 0;
    long long Len[2], longLen;
    long long longLen_thres = 4;
    for (i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        v = nodes[i];

        if((v>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (v>>1) == (endNode>>1))
        {
            continue;
        }

        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        if(nv != 2)
        {
            continue;
        }

        
        flag0 = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1);
        flag1 = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[1].v, v>>1);
        if(flag0 != 1 || flag1 != 1)
        {
            continue;
        }

        if(check_small_bubble(g, v, av[0].v, av[1].v, &(Len[0]), &(Len[1]), &vEnd))
        {

            if(if_node_exist(nodes, length, vEnd>>1) && ((vEnd>>1) != (endNode>>1)))
           {
               
               if(Len[0] == 1 && Len[1] != 1)
               {
                   w = av[0].v;
                   longLen = Len[1];
                    
                  /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                  if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0)
                   {
                    //    fprintf(stderr, "w>>1: %u, beg: %u, end: %u\n", 
                    //    w>>1, startNode>>1, endNode>>1);
                       asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                       n_reduced++;
                   }///up to here w is exactly overlapped in both directions
                   else if(longLen >= longLen_thres)
                   {
                       if(av[0].el == 1 && av[1].el == 1
                          &&
                          asg_arc_a(g, vEnd)[0].el == 1 && asg_arc_a(g, vEnd)[1].el == 1)
                       {
                           asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                           n_reduced++;
                       }
                   }
                   
                  /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                   
               }
               else if(Len[0] != 1 && Len[1] == 1)
               {
                   w = av[1].v;
                   longLen = Len[0];
                   
                  /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                  if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0)
                   {
                    //    fprintf(stderr, "w>>1: %u, beg: %u, end: %u\n", 
                    //    w>>1, startNode>>1, endNode>>1);
                       asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                       n_reduced++;
                   }///up to here w is exactly overlapped in both directions
                   else if(longLen >= longLen_thres)
                   {
                       if(av[0].el == 1 && av[1].el == 1
                          &&
                          asg_arc_a(g, vEnd)[0].el == 1 && asg_arc_a(g, vEnd)[1].el == 1)
                       {
                           asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                           n_reduced++;
                       }
                   }
                  /****************************may have bugs********************************/
               }
               else if(Len[0] == 1 && Len[1] == 1)
               {
                   w = av[0].v;
                   flag0 = asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el + asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el;
                   w = av[1].v;
                   flag1 = asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el + asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el;
                    ///>=2 means this is an exact overlap
                   if(flag0 < 2 && flag1 >= 2)
                   {
                       w = av[0].v;
                       
                       /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                        if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0)
                        {
                            // fprintf(stderr, "w>>1: %u, beg: %u, end: %u\n", 
                            // w>>1, startNode>>1, endNode>>1);
                            asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                            n_reduced++;
                        }
                        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                   }

                   if(flag0 >= 2 && flag1 < 2)
                   {
                       w = av[1].v;
                      
                       /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                        if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0)
                        {
                            // fprintf(stderr, "w>>1: %u, beg: %u, end: %u\n", 
                            // w>>1, startNode>>1, endNode>>1);
                            asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                            n_reduced++;
                        }
                        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                   }
               }
               else
               {
                   fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
               }
               
           }
        }

    }

    return n_reduced;
}


int test_single_node_bubble_directly(asg_t *g, uint32_t v, long long longLen_thres, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources)
{
    uint32_t w, vEnd;
    int flag0, flag1;
    int n_reduced = 0;
    long long Len[2], longLen;
    ///long long longLen_thres = 4;

    uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
    asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
    if(nv != 2)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    
    flag0 = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1);
    flag1 = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[1].v, v>>1);
    if(flag0 != 1 || flag1 != 1)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if(check_small_bubble(g, v, av[0].v, av[1].v, &(Len[0]), &(Len[1]), &vEnd))
    {
        if(Len[0] == 1 && Len[1] != 1)
        {
            w = av[0].v;
            longLen = Len[1];
            
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            ///if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0)
            if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0 || sources[w>>1].is_abnormal == 1)
            {
                asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                n_reduced++;
            }///up to here w is exactly overlapped in both directions
            else if(longLen >= longLen_thres)
            {
                if(av[0].el == 1 && av[1].el == 1
                    &&
                    asg_arc_a(g, vEnd)[0].el == 1 && asg_arc_a(g, vEnd)[1].el == 1)
                {
                    asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                    n_reduced++;
                }
            }
            
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            
        }
        else if(Len[0] != 1 && Len[1] == 1)
        {
            w = av[1].v;
            longLen = Len[0];
            
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            ///if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0)
            if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0 || sources[w>>1].is_abnormal == 1)
            {
                asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                n_reduced++;
            }///up to here w is exactly overlapped in both directions
            else if(longLen >= longLen_thres)
            {
                if(av[0].el == 1 && av[1].el == 1
                    &&
                    asg_arc_a(g, vEnd)[0].el == 1 && asg_arc_a(g, vEnd)[1].el == 1)
                {
                    asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                    n_reduced++;
                }
            }
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        }
        else if(Len[0] == 1 && Len[1] == 1)
        {
            flag0 = sources[av[0].v>>1].is_abnormal;
            flag1 = sources[av[1].v>>1].is_abnormal;

            if(flag0 == 1 && flag1 == 0)
            {
                asg_seq_del(g, av[0].v>>1);
                n_reduced++;
            }
            else if(flag0 == 0 && flag1 == 1)
            {
                asg_seq_del(g, av[1].v>>1);
                n_reduced++;
            }
            else
            {
                w = av[0].v;
                flag0 = asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el + asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el;
                w = av[1].v;
                flag1 = asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el + asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el;
                ///>=2 means this is an exact overlap
                if(flag0 < 2 && flag1 >= 2)
                {
                    w = av[0].v;
                    
                    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                    if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0)
                    {
                        asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                        n_reduced++;
                    }
                    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                }

                if(flag0 >= 2 && flag1 < 2)
                {
                    w = av[1].v;
                    
                    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                    if(asg_arc_a(g, w)[0].el == 0 || asg_arc_a(g, w^1)[0].el == 0)
                    {
                        asg_seq_del(g, w>>1);
                        n_reduced++;
                    }
                    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                }
            }
        }
        
    }
    return n_reduced;
}


int asg_arc_del_single_node_directly(asg_t *g, long long longLen_thres, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del)
        {
            continue;
        } 

        if(nv != 2)
        {
            continue;
        }

        n_reduced += test_single_node_bubble_directly(g, v, longLen_thres, sources);
    }


    if (n_reduced) {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d small bubbles\n", __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    return n_reduced;
}



int test_cross(asg_t *g, uint32_t* nodes, uint32_t length, 
uint32_t startNode, uint32_t endNode)
{
    uint32_t a1, a2;
    uint32_t N_list[5] = {0};
    uint32_t i, v;
    int flag0, flag1;
    int n_reduced = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        v = nodes[i];

        if((v>>1) == (startNode>>1) || (v>>1) == (endNode>>1))
        {
            continue;
        }

        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        if(nv != 2)
        {
            continue;
        }
        if(av[0].v == av[1].v)
        {
            continue;
        }
        flag0 = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1);
        flag1 = asg_is_single_edge(g, av[1].v, v>>1);

        if(flag0 != 2 || flag1 != 2)
        {
            continue;
        }
        

        N_list[0] = v;
        N_list[1] = av[0].v^1;
        N_list[2] = av[1].v^1;

        if(asg_arc_n(g, N_list[0]) != 2 || 
           asg_arc_n(g, N_list[1]) != 2 ||
           asg_arc_n(g, N_list[2]) != 2 )
        {
            continue;
        }

        if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[0].v == asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[1].v)
        {
            continue;
        }

        if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[0].v == asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[1].v)
        {
            continue;
        }


        if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[0].v == (N_list[0]^1))
        {
            N_list[3] = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[1].v^1;
        }
        else if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[1].v == (N_list[0]^1))
        {
            N_list[3] = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[1])[0].v^1;
        }
        else
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR at %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }
        
        if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[0].v == (N_list[0]^1))
        {
            N_list[4] = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[1].v^1;
        }
        else if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[1].v == (N_list[0]^1))
        {
            N_list[4] = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[2])[0].v^1;
        }
        else
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR at %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }

        if(N_list[3] != N_list[4])
        {
            continue;
        }

        if(asg_arc_n(g, N_list[0]) != 2 || 
           asg_arc_n(g, N_list[1]) != 2 ||
           asg_arc_n(g, N_list[2]) != 2 ||
           asg_arc_n(g, N_list[3]) != 2)
        {
            continue;
        }
        /**
        N_list[3]        N_list[0]

        N_list[2]        N_list[1]
        **/
       if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[0])[0].el == asg_arc_a(g, N_list[0])[1].el)
       {
           continue;
       }

       if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[0])[0].el == 1)
       {
           //a1 = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[0])[0].v >> 1;
           a1 = 0;
       }
       else
       {
           ///a1 = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[0])[1].v >> 1;
           a1 = 1;
       }





       
       if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[3])[0].el == asg_arc_a(g, N_list[3])[1].el)
       {
           continue;
       }

       if(asg_arc_a(g, N_list[3])[0].el == 1)
       {
           //a2 = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[3])[0].v >> 1;
           a2 = 0;
       }
       else
       {
           //a2 = asg_arc_a(g, N_list[3])[1].v >> 1;
           a2 = 1;
       }

        if(
            (asg_arc_a(g, N_list[0])[a1].v >> 1)
            !=
            (asg_arc_a(g, N_list[3])[a2].v >> 1)
           )
        {
            if(((N_list[0]>>1) != (endNode>>1)) &&
               ((N_list[1]>>1) != (endNode>>1)) && 
               ((N_list[2]>>1) != (endNode>>1)) &&
               ((N_list[3]>>1) != (endNode>>1)))
            {
                asg_arc_a(g, N_list[0])[a1].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(g, asg_arc_a(g, N_list[0])[a1].v^1, 
                asg_arc_a(g, N_list[0])[a1].ul>>32^1, 1);


                asg_arc_a(g, N_list[3])[a2].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(g, asg_arc_a(g, N_list[3])[a2].v^1, 
                asg_arc_a(g, N_list[3])[a2].ul>>32^1, 1);
                n_reduced++;
            }
        }
    }

    return n_reduced;
}

int asg_arc_del_cross_bubble(asg_t *g, long long max_dist)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0;
    buf_t b;
	if (!g->is_symm) asg_symm(g);
	memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
	///set information for each node
	b.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del)
        {
            continue;
        } 

        if(nv < 2)
        {
            continue;
        }

        ///if this is a bubble
        if(asg_bub_finder_with_del_advance(g, v, max_dist, &b) == 1)
        {
            n_reduced += test_cross(g, b.b.a, b.b.n, v, b.S.a[0]);
        }
    
    }

    free(b.a); free(b.S.a); free(b.T.a); free(b.b.a); free(b.e.a);

    if (n_reduced) {        
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d cross\n", __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    return n_reduced;
}



// transitive reduction; see Myers, 2005
int asg_arc_del_trans(asg_t *g, int fuzz)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

	uint8_t *mark;
	///n_vtx = number of seq * 2
	///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0;
	///at first, all nodes should be set to vacant
	mark = (uint8_t*)calloc(n_vtx, 1);

	/**v is the id+direction of a node, 
     * the high 31-bit is the id, 
     * and the lowest 1-bit is the direction
     * (0 means query-to-target, 1 means target-to-query)**/
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) {
		///nv is the number of overlaps with v(qn+direction)
		uint32_t L, i, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		///av is the array of v
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        ///that means in this direction, read v is not overlapped with any other reads
		if (nv == 0) continue; // no hits
		
        ///if the read itself has been removed
		if (g->seq[v>>1].del) 
        {
			for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) av[i].del = 1, ++n_reduced;
			continue;
		}



        /**
	********************************query-to-target overlap****************************
	case 1: u = 0, rev = 0                           in the view of target: direction is 1 
	query: CCCCCCCCTAATTAAAAT                        target: TAATTAAAATGGGGGG (use ex-target as query)
	               ||||||||||         <--->                  ||||||||||
	       target: TAATTAAAATGGGGGG           query: CCCCCCCCTAATTAAAAT (use ex-query as target)

	case 2: u = 0, rev = 1                           in the view of target: direction is 0
	query: CCCCCCCCTAATTAAAAT					     target: CCCCCCATTTTAATTA  (use ex-target as query)
                   ||||||||||        <--->                         ||||||||||
	       target: TAATTAAAATGGGGGG                         query: ATTTTAATTAGGGGGGGG  (use ex-query as target)
	********************************query-to-target overlap****************************

	********************************target-to-query overlap****************************
	case 3: u = 1, rev = 0                           in the view of target: direction is 0
			 query: AAATAATATCCCCCCGCG                target: GGGCCGGCAAATAATAT (use ex-target as query)
					|||||||||          <--->                          |||||||||
	target: GGGCCGGCAAATAATAT                                  query: AAATAATATCCCCCCGCG (use ex-query as target)

	case 4: u = 1, rev = 1                          in the view of target: direction is 1
	         query: AAATAATATCCCCCCGCG                        target: ATATTATTTGCCGGCCC (use ex-target as query)
                    |||||||||             <--->                       |||||||||
	target: GGGCCGGCAAATAATAT                          query: CGCGGGGGATATTATTT (use ex-query as target)
	********************************target-to-query overlap****************************

	p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
	                    qns            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
						                (in the view of query)
	p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
				        tns             reverse direction of overlap
						              (in the view of target)
	p->ol: overlap length
    **/


		//all outnode of v should be set to "not reduce"
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) mark[av[i].v] = 1;

		///length of node (not overlap length)
		///av[nv-1] is longest out-dege
		/**
		 * v---------------
		 *   w1---------------
		 *      w2--------------
		 *         w3--------------
		 *            w4--------------
		 *               w5-------------
		 * for v, the longest out-edge is v->w5
		 **/
		L = asg_arc_len(av[nv-1]) + fuzz;


		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			//w is an out-node of v
			uint32_t w = av[i].v;
			
			uint32_t j, nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
			asg_arc_t *aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
			///if w has already been reduced
			if (mark[av[i].v] != 1) continue;

			for (j = 0; j < nw && asg_arc_len(aw[j]) + asg_arc_len(av[i]) <= L; ++j)
				if (mark[aw[j].v]) mark[aw[j].v] = 2;
		}
		#if 0
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			uint32_t w = av[i].v;
			uint32_t j, nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
			asg_arc_t *aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
			for (j = 0; j < nw && (j == 0 || asg_arc_len(aw[j]) < fuzz); ++j)
				if (mark[aw[j].v]) mark[aw[j].v] = 2;
		}
		#endif
        //remove edges
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			if (mark[av[i].v] == 2) av[i].del = 1, ++n_reduced;
			mark[av[i].v] = 0;
		}
	}
	free(mark);

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
	    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] transitively reduced %d arcs\n", __func__, n_reduced);
    }

	if (n_reduced) {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_reduced;
}





///max_ext is 4
int asg_cut_tip(asg_t *g, int max_ext)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

	asg64_v a = {0,0,0};
	uint32_t n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, v, i, cnt = 0;
    
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) {
		//if this seq has been deleted
		if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
		///check if the another direction of v has no overlaps
		///if the self direction of v has no overlaps, we don't have the overlaps of them
		///here is check if the reverse direction of v 
		/**
		 the following first line is to find (means v is a node has no prefix):
		        (v)--->()---->()---->()----->....
         another case is:
            ......()---->()---->()----->()------>(v)
         this case can be found by (v^1), so we don't need to process this case here
		**/
		if (asg_is_utg_end(g, v, 0) != ASG_ET_TIP) continue; // not a tip
        /**
         the following second line is: 
		 (v)--->()---->()---->()----->()
		        |--------max_ext-------|
        **/
       ///that means here is a long tip, which is longer than max_ext
		if (asg_extend(g, v, max_ext, &a) == ASG_ET_MERGEABLE) continue; // not a short unitig

		/**
		 * so combining the last two lines, they are designed to reomve(n(0), n(1), n(2)):
		 *                  		    ----->n(4)
		 *                  		   |
		 * n(0)--->n(1)---->n(2)---->n(3)
		 *                             |
		 *                              ----->n(5)
		**/
		for (i = 0; i < a.n; ++i)
			asg_seq_del(g, (uint32_t)a.a[i]>>1);
		++cnt;
	}
	free(a.a);
	if (cnt > 0) asg_cleanup(g);
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] cut %d tips\n", __func__, cnt);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return cnt;
}


// delete short arcs
///for best graph?
int asg_arc_del_short(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio)
{
	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_short = 0;
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) {
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		uint32_t i, thres, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		///if there is just one overlap, do nothing
		if (nv < 2) continue;
		//av[0] has the most overlap length
		///remove short overlaps
		thres = (uint32_t)(av[0].ol * drop_ratio + .499);
		///av has been sorted by overlap length
		for (i = nv - 1; i >= 1 && av[i].ol < thres; --i);
		for (i = i + 1; i < nv; ++i)
			av[i].del = 1, ++n_short;
	}
	if (n_short) {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d short overlaps\n", __func__, n_short);
	return n_short;
}


inline int check_weak_ma_hit(ma_hit_t_alloc* aim_paf, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_paf_list, 
long long weakID, uint32_t w_qs, uint32_t w_qe)
{
    long long i = 0;
    long long strongID, index;
    for (i = 0; i < aim_paf->length; i++)
    {
        ///if this is a strong overlap
        if (
        aim_paf->buffer[i].del == 0
        &&
        aim_paf->buffer[i].ml == 1
        && 
        Get_qs(aim_paf->buffer[i]) <= w_qs
        && 
        Get_qe(aim_paf->buffer[i]) >= w_qe)
        {
            strongID = Get_tn(aim_paf->buffer[i]);
            index = get_specific_overlap(&(reverse_paf_list[strongID]), strongID, weakID);
            if(index != -1)
            {
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }

    return 1;
}


inline int check_weak_ma_hit_reverse(ma_hit_t_alloc* r_paf, ma_hit_t_alloc* r_paf_source, 
long long weakID)
{
    long long i = 0;
    long long strongID, index;
    ///all overlaps coming from another haplotye are strong
    for (i = 0; i < r_paf->length; i++)
    {
        strongID = Get_tn(r_paf->buffer[i]);
        index = get_specific_overlap
            (&(r_paf_source[strongID]), strongID, weakID);
        ///must be a strong overlap
        if(index != -1 && r_paf_source[strongID].buffer[index].ml == 1)
        {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    return 1;
}


inline int check_weak_ma_hit_debug(ma_hit_t_alloc* aim_paf, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_paf_list, 
long long weakID)
{
    long long i = 0;
    long long strongID, index;
    for (i = 0; i < aim_paf->length; i++)
    {
        ///if this is a strong overlap
        if (aim_paf->buffer[i].ml == 1)
        {
            strongID = Get_tn(aim_paf->buffer[i]);
            index = get_specific_overlap(&(reverse_paf_list[strongID]), strongID, weakID);
            if(index != -1)
            {
                return strongID;
            }
        }


    }

    return 0;
}



// delete short arcs
///for best graph?
int asg_arc_del_short_diploid_unclean(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_short = 0;
    uint32_t last_e;
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;

		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		uint32_t i, thres, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		///if there is just one overlap, do nothing
		if (nv < 2) continue;
		//av[0] has the most overlap length
		///remove short overlaps
		thres = (uint32_t)(av[0].ol * drop_ratio + .499);
		///av has been sorted by overlap length
		for (i = nv - 1; i >= 1 && av[i].ol < thres; --i) {}
        last_e = i + 1;

		for (i = i + 1; i < nv; ++i)
			av[i].del = 1, ++n_short;
        
        
        if(nv >= 2 && av[1].del == 1)
        {
            ///second longest
            av[1].del = 0;
            --n_short;
            last_e++;
        }
        
	}
	///if (n_short) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d short overlaps\n", __func__, n_short);
    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);

	return n_short;
}









/*****************************read graph*****************************/

uint32_t detect_single_path_with_dels(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, long long* Len, buf_t* b)
{
    uint32_t v = begNode, w;
    uint32_t kv, kw;
    (*Len) = 0;

    while (1)
    {
        (*Len)++;
        kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        (*endNode) = v;

        if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);

        if(kv == 0)
        {
            return END_TIPS;
        }

        if(kv == 2)
        {
            return TWO_OUTPUT;
        }

        if(kv > 2)
        {
            return MUL_OUTPUT;
        }

        ///up to here, kv=1
        ///kw must >= 1
        get_real_length(g, v, &w);
        kw = get_real_length(g, w^1, NULL);
        v = w;
        (*endNode) = v;


        if(kw == 2)
        {
            (*Len)++;
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            return TWO_INPUT;
        }

        if(kw > 2)
        {
            (*Len)++;
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            return MUL_INPUT;
        }   


        if((v>>1) == (begNode>>1))
        {
            return LOOP;
        } 
    }

    return LONG_TIPS;   
}

uint32_t detect_single_path_with_dels_n_stops(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, 
long long* Len, long long* max_stop_Len, buf_t* b, uint32_t stops_threshold)
{
    
    uint32_t v = begNode, w;
    uint32_t kv, kw, n_stops = 0, flag = LONG_TIPS;
    (*Len) = 0;
    (*max_stop_Len) = 0;
    long long preLen = 0, currentLen;

    while (1)
    {
        (*Len)++;
        kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        (*endNode) = v;

        if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);

        if(kv == 0)
        {
            flag = END_TIPS;
            break;
        }

        if(kv == 2)
        {
            flag = TWO_OUTPUT;
            break;
        }

        if(kv > 2)
        {
            flag = MUL_OUTPUT;
            break;
        }

        ///up to here, kv=1
        ///kw must >= 1
        get_real_length(g, v, &w);
        kw = get_real_length(g, w^1, NULL);
        v = w;
        (*endNode) = v;

        if(kw >= 2)
        {
            n_stops++;
            currentLen = (*Len) - preLen;
            preLen = (*Len);
            if(currentLen > (*max_stop_Len))
            {
                (*max_stop_Len) = currentLen;
            }
        }
        if(kw >= 2 && n_stops >= stops_threshold)
        {
            (*Len)++;
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            if(kw == 2) flag = TWO_INPUT;
            if(kw > 2) flag = MUL_INPUT;
            break;
        }
        
        if((v>>1) == (begNode>>1))
        {
            flag = LOOP;
            break;
        } 
    }


    currentLen = (*Len) - preLen;
    preLen = (*Len);
    if(currentLen > (*max_stop_Len))
    {
        (*max_stop_Len) = currentLen;
    }
    return flag;   
}

uint32_t detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, long long* baseLen, buf_t* b)
{
    
    uint32_t v = begNode, w = 0;
    uint32_t kv, kw, k;
    (*baseLen) = 0;


    while (1)
    {
        ///(*Len)++;
        kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        (*endNode) = v;

        if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);

        if(kv == 0)
        {
            (*baseLen) += g->seq[v>>1].len;
            return END_TIPS;
        }

        if(kv == 2)
        {
            (*baseLen) += g->seq[v>>1].len;
            return TWO_OUTPUT;
        }

        if(kv > 2)
        {
            (*baseLen) += g->seq[v>>1].len;
            return MUL_OUTPUT;
        }

        ///kv must be 1
        for (k = 0; k < asg_arc_n(g, v); k++)
        {
            if(!asg_arc_a(g, v)[k].del)
            {
                w = asg_arc_a(g, v)[k].v;
                (*baseLen) += ((uint32_t)(asg_arc_a(g, v)[k].ul));
                break;
            }
        }

        ///up to here, kv=1
        ///kw must >= 1
        kw = get_real_length(g, w^1, NULL);
        v = w;
        (*endNode) = v;


        if(kw == 2)
        {
            (*baseLen) += g->seq[v>>1].len;
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            return TWO_INPUT;
        }

        if(kw > 2)
        {
            (*baseLen) += g->seq[v>>1].len;
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            return MUL_INPUT;
        }   


        if((v>>1) == (begNode>>1))
        {
            return LOOP;
        } 
    }

    return LONG_TIPS;   
}

uint32_t detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen_complex(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, 
long long* baseLen, long long* max_stop_base_Len, buf_t* b, uint32_t stops_threshold)
{
    
    uint32_t v = begNode, w = 0;
    uint32_t kv, kw, k, n_stops = 0, flag = LONG_TIPS;
    (*baseLen) = 0;
    (*max_stop_base_Len) = 0;
    long long preBaseLen = 0, currentBaseLen;


    while (1)
    {
        ///(*Len)++;
        kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        (*endNode) = v;

        if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);

        if(kv == 0)
        {
            (*baseLen) += g->seq[v>>1].len;
            flag = END_TIPS;
            break;
        }

        if(kv == 2)
        {
            (*baseLen) += g->seq[v>>1].len;
            flag = TWO_OUTPUT;
            break;
        }

        if(kv > 2)
        {
            (*baseLen) += g->seq[v>>1].len;
            flag = MUL_OUTPUT;
            break;
        }

        ///kv must be 1
        for (k = 0; k < asg_arc_n(g, v); k++)
        {
            if(!asg_arc_a(g, v)[k].del)
            {
                w = asg_arc_a(g, v)[k].v;
                (*baseLen) += ((uint32_t)(asg_arc_a(g, v)[k].ul));
                break;
            }
        }

        ///up to here, kv=1
        ///kw must >= 1
        kw = get_real_length(g, w^1, NULL);
        v = w;
        (*endNode) = v;

        if(kw >= 2)
        {
            n_stops++;
            currentBaseLen = (*baseLen) - preBaseLen;
            preBaseLen = (*baseLen);
            if(currentBaseLen > (*max_stop_base_Len))
            {
                (*max_stop_base_Len) = currentBaseLen;
            }
        }

        if(kw >= 2 && n_stops >= stops_threshold)
        {
            (*baseLen) += g->seq[v>>1].len;
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            if(kw == 2) flag = TWO_INPUT;
            if(kw > 2) flag = MUL_INPUT;
            break;
        }


        if((v>>1) == (begNode>>1))
        {
            flag = LOOP;
            break;
        } 
    }

    currentBaseLen = (*baseLen) - preBaseLen;
    preBaseLen = (*baseLen);
    if(currentBaseLen > (*max_stop_base_Len))
    {
        (*max_stop_base_Len) = currentBaseLen;
    }

    return flag;   
}

/*****************************read graph*****************************/


long long check_if_diploid(uint32_t v1, uint32_t v2, asg_t *g, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long min_edge_length, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    buf_t b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    uint32_t convex1, convex2;
    long long l1, l2;

    b_0.b.n = 0;
    b_1.b.n = 0;
    ///uint32_t flag1 = detect_single_path(g, v1, &convex1, &l1, &b_0);
    uint32_t flag1 = detect_single_path_with_dels(g, v1, &convex1, &l1, &b_0);
    
    ///uint32_t flag2 = detect_single_path(g, v2, &convex2, &l2, &b_1);
    uint32_t flag2 = detect_single_path_with_dels(g, v2, &convex2, &l2, &b_1);
    
    if(flag1 == LOOP || flag2 == LOOP)
    {
		free(b_0.b.a); free(b_1.b.a);
        return -1;
    }

    if(flag1 != END_TIPS && flag1 != LONG_TIPS)
    {
        l1--;
        b_0.b.n--;
    }

    if(flag2 != END_TIPS && flag2 != LONG_TIPS)
    {
        l2--;
        b_1.b.n--;
    }


    if(l1 <= min_edge_length || l2 <= min_edge_length)
    {
		free(b_0.b.a); free(b_1.b.a);
        return -1;
    }

    buf_t* b_min;
    buf_t* b_max;
    if(l1<=l2)
    {
        b_min = &b_0;
        b_max = &b_1;
    }
    else
    {
        b_min = &b_1;
        b_max = &b_0;
    }

    long long i, j, k;
    double max_count = 0;
    double min_count = 0;
    uint32_t qn, tn, is_Unitig;
    for (i = 0; i < (long long)b_min->b.n; i++)
    {
        qn = b_min->b.a[i];
        for (j = 0; j < (long long)reverse_sources[qn].length; j++)
        {
            tn = Get_tn(reverse_sources[qn].buffer[j]);
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            ///if(g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            if(g->seq[tn].del == 1)
            {
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            }
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            min_count++;
            for (k = 0; k < (long long)b_max->b.n; k++)
            {
                if(b_max->b.a[k]==tn)
                {
                    max_count++;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);

    if(min_count == 0) return -1;
    if(max_count == 0) return 0;
    if(max_count/min_count>0.3) return 1;
    return 0;

}


long long check_if_diploid_primary_complex(uint32_t v1, uint32_t v2, asg_t *g, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long min_edge_length, uint32_t stops_threshold,
int if_drop, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    buf_t b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    uint32_t convex1, convex2;
    long long l1, l2, max_stop_Len;

    b_0.b.n = 0;
    b_1.b.n = 0;
    uint32_t flag1 = detect_single_path_with_dels_n_stops(g, v1, &convex1, &l1, 
    &max_stop_Len, &b_0, stops_threshold);
    
    uint32_t flag2 = detect_single_path_with_dels_n_stops(g, v2, &convex2, &l2, 
    &max_stop_Len, &b_1, stops_threshold);
    
    if(flag1 == LOOP || flag2 == LOOP)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    if(flag1 != END_TIPS && flag1 != LONG_TIPS)
    {
        l1--;
        b_0.b.n--;
    }

    if(flag2 != END_TIPS && flag2 != LONG_TIPS)
    {
        l2--;
        b_1.b.n--;
    }


    long long i, j, k;
    i = b_0.b.n; i--;
    j = b_1.b.n; j--;
    while (i>=0 && j>=0)
    {
        if(b_0.b.a[i] == b_1.b.a[j])
        {
            i--;
            j--;
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
        
    }
    b_0.b.n = i+1; l1 = i+1;
    b_1.b.n = j+1; l2 = j+1;


    if(l1 <= min_edge_length || l2 <= min_edge_length)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    buf_t* b_min;
    buf_t* b_max;
    if(l1<=l2)
    {
        b_min = &b_0;
        b_max = &b_1;
    }
    else
    {
        b_min = &b_1;
        b_max = &b_0;
    }

    
    double max_count = 0;
    double min_count = 0;
    uint32_t qn, tn, is_Unitig;
    for (i = 0; i < (long long)b_min->b.n; i++)
    {
        qn = b_min->b.a[i];
        for (j = 0; j < (long long)reverse_sources[qn].length; j++)
        {
            tn = Get_tn(reverse_sources[qn].buffer[j]);
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            ///if(g->seq[tn].del == 1 || (if_drop == 1 && g->seq[tn].c == ALTER_LABLE)) continue;
            if(g->seq[tn].del == 1)
            {
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            }
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            min_count++;
            for (k = 0; k < (long long)b_max->b.n; k++)
            {
                if(b_max->b.a[k]==tn)
                {
                    max_count++;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);
    if(min_count == 0) return -1;
    if(max_count == 0) return 0;
    if(max_count/min_count>0.3) return 1;
    return 0;

}

uint32_t if_long_tip_length(asg_t *sg, ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* untigLen, 
long long minLongUntig, long long maxShortUntig, float ShortUntigRate, long long mainLen)
{
    long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
    uint32_t Len, endNode;
    if(untigLen == NULL)
    {
        if(get_unitig(sg, ug, begNode, &endNode, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL) == LOOP)
        {
            ///the length of LOOP is infinite
            return 1;
        }
        Len = nodeLen;
    }
    else
    {
        Len = (*untigLen);
    }
    
    
    if(Len == 0) return 0;
    if(Len < (ShortUntigRate*mainLen)) return 0;
    if(Len >= maxShortUntig) return 1;
    if(Len >= minLongUntig && Len >= (ShortUntigRate*mainLen)) return 1;
    return 0;
}

long long check_if_diploid_aggressive(uint32_t v1, uint32_t v2, asg_t *g, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long min_edge_length)
{
    buf_t b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    uint32_t convex1, convex2;
    long long l1, l2;

    b_0.b.n = 0;
    b_1.b.n = 0;
    ///uint32_t flag1 = detect_single_path(g, v1, &convex1, &l1, &b_0);
    uint32_t flag1 = detect_single_path_with_dels(g, v1, &convex1, &l1, &b_0);
    
    ///uint32_t flag2 = detect_single_path(g, v2, &convex2, &l2, &b_1);
    uint32_t flag2 = detect_single_path_with_dels(g, v2, &convex2, &l2, &b_1);
    
    if(flag1 == LOOP || flag2 == LOOP)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    if(flag1 != END_TIPS && flag1 != LONG_TIPS)
    {
        l1--;
        b_0.b.n--;
    }

    if(flag2 != END_TIPS && flag2 != LONG_TIPS)
    {
        l2--;
        b_1.b.n--;
    }


    if(l1 <= min_edge_length || l2 <= min_edge_length)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    buf_t* b_min;
    buf_t* b_max;
    if(l1<=l2)
    {
        b_min = &b_0;
        b_max = &b_1;
    }
    else
    {
        b_min = &b_1;
        b_max = &b_0;
    }

    long long i, j, k;
    double max_count = 0;
    double min_count = 0;
    uint32_t qn, tn;
    for (i = 0; i < (long long)b_min->b.n; i++)
    {
        qn = b_min->b.a[i];
        for (j = 0; j < (long long)reverse_sources[qn].length; j++)
        {
            tn = Get_tn(reverse_sources[qn].buffer[j]);
            if(g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            min_count++;
            for (k = 0; k < (long long)b_max->b.n; k++)
            {
                if(b_max->b.a[k]==tn)
                {
                    max_count++;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }



    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);

    if(min_count == 0) return -1;
    if(max_count == 0) return 0;

    return 1;
    /**
    if(max_count/min_count>0.3) return 1;
    return 0;
    **/

}

int asg_arc_del_too_short_overlaps(asg_t *g, long long dropLen, float drop_ratio, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long min_edge_length, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

	uint32_t v, v_max, v_maxLen, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_short = 0;
    long long drop_ratio_Len = 0;
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if (g->seq_vis[v] != 0) continue;

        uint32_t i, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;



        n_arc = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        if (n_arc < 2) continue;
        v_max = (uint32_t)-1;

        for (i = 0, n_arc = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (!av[i].del)
            {
                if(v_max == (uint32_t)-1)
                {
                    v_max = av[i].v;
                    v_maxLen = av[i].ol;
                    if(v_maxLen < dropLen) break;
                    drop_ratio_Len = v_maxLen * drop_ratio;
                    if(dropLen < drop_ratio_Len)
                    {
                        drop_ratio_Len = dropLen;
                    }
                }
                else if(av[i].ol < drop_ratio_Len && 
                check_if_diploid(v_max, av[i].v, g, reverse_sources, min_edge_length, ruIndex) != 1)
                {
                    av[i].ol = 1;
                    asg_arc_del(g, av[i].v^1, av[i].ul>>32^1, 1);
                    ++n_short;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    asg_cleanup(g);
    asg_symm(g);
	
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d short overlaps\n", __func__, n_short);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

	return n_short;
}



int asg_arc_del_short_diploid_unclean_exact(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources)
{
	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_short = 0;
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;

		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		uint32_t i, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		///if there is just one overlap, do nothing
		if (nv < 2) continue;
		///keep the longest one
        for (i = 1; i < nv; i++)
        {
            ///if it is an inexact overlap
            if(av[i].el == 0 && 
              sources[v>>1].is_fully_corrected == 1&& 
              sources[(av[i].v>>1)].is_fully_corrected == 1)
            {
                av[i].del = 1;
                ++n_short;
            }
        }

	}

	if (n_short) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d inexact overlaps\n", __func__, n_short);
	return n_short;
}



///check if v has only one branch
static uint32_t asg_check_unambi1(asg_t *g, uint32_t v)
{
	asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
	uint32_t i, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
	uint32_t k = nv, kv;
	for (i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i)
		if (!av[i].del) ++kv, k = i;
	if (kv != 1) return (uint32_t)-1;
	return av[k].v;
}
///to see if it is a long tip
static int asg_topocut_aux(asg_t *g, uint32_t v, int max_ext)
{
	int32_t n_ext;
	for (n_ext = 1; n_ext < max_ext && v != (uint32_t)-1; ++n_ext) {
		if (asg_check_unambi1(g, v^1) == (uint32_t)-1) {
			--n_ext;
			break;
		}
		v = asg_check_unambi1(g, v);
	}
    
	return n_ext;
}

// delete short arcs
///for best graph?
int asg_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio, int max_ext, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, uint32_t stops_threshold,
int if_skip_bubble, int if_drop, int if_check_hap, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));

	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    long long n_cut = 0;
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(if_skip_bubble && g->seq_vis[v] != 0) continue;
        if(if_drop && g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        if (nv < 2) continue;
        uint64_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
        {
            kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[i].ol << 32 | (av - g->arc + i)));   
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint64_t k;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        
        asg_arc_t *a = &g->arc[(uint32_t)b.a[k]];
		///v is self id, w is the id of another end
		uint32_t i, iv, iw, v = (a->ul)>>32, w = a->v^1, to_del = 0;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw = asg_arc_n(g, w), kv, kw;
		uint32_t ov_max = 0, ow_max = 0, ov_max_i = 0, ow_max_i = 0;
		asg_arc_t *av, *aw;
		///nv must be >= 2
		if (nv == 1 && nw == 1) continue;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);


        ///calculate the longest edge for v and w
		for (i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			if (av[i].del) continue;
			if (ov_max < av[i].ol) ov_max = av[i].ol, ov_max_i = i; 
			++kv;
		}
		if (kv >= 2 && a->ol > ov_max * drop_ratio) continue;


		for (i = 0, kw = 0; i < nw; ++i) {
			if (aw[i].del) continue;
			if (ow_max < aw[i].ol) ow_max = aw[i].ol, ow_max_i = i;
			++kw;
		}
		if (kw >= 2 && a->ol > ow_max * drop_ratio) continue;
		///if (kv == 1 && kw == 1) continue;
        if (kv <= 1 && kw <= 1) continue;


        ///to see which one is the current edge (from v and w)
		for (iv = 0; iv < nv; ++iv)
			if (av[iv].v == (w^1)) break;
		for (iw = 0; iw < nw; ++iw)
			if (aw[iw].v == (v^1)) break;
        ///if one edge has been deleted, it should be deleted in both direction
        if (av[iv].del && aw[iw].del) continue;

        ///kv and kw is the avialiable 
		if (kv > 1 && kw > 1) {
			if (a->ol < ov_max * drop_ratio && a->ol < ow_max * drop_ratio)
				to_del = 1;
            if(if_check_hap == 1 && to_del == 1)
            {
                
                if(check_if_diploid_primary_complex(av[ov_max_i].v, w^1, g, reverse_sources, 
                miniedgeLen, stops_threshold, if_drop, ruIndex) == 1 
                   || 
                   check_if_diploid_primary_complex(aw[ow_max_i].v, v^1, g, reverse_sources, 
                miniedgeLen, stops_threshold, if_drop, ruIndex) == 1)
                {
                    to_del = 0;
                }
            }
        
		} else if (kw == 1) {
			if (asg_topocut_aux(g, w^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
            ///kv > 1
            if(if_check_hap == 1 && to_del == 1)
            {
                if(check_if_diploid_primary_complex(av[ov_max_i].v, w^1, g, reverse_sources, 
                miniedgeLen, stops_threshold, if_drop, ruIndex) == 1)
                {
                    to_del = 0;
                }
            }
		} else if (kv == 1) {
			if (asg_topocut_aux(g, v^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
            ///kw > 1
            if(if_check_hap == 1 && to_del == 1)
            {
                if(check_if_diploid_primary_complex(aw[ow_max_i].v, v^1, g, reverse_sources, 
                miniedgeLen, stops_threshold, if_drop, ruIndex) == 1)
                {
                    to_del = 0;
                }
            }
		}
		if (to_del)
			av[iv].del = aw[iw].del = 1, ++n_cut;
        
    }
    
    free(b.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %lld short overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}

int unitig_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length_topo(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *ug, float drop_ratio, 
int max_ext, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, int if_skip_bubble, int if_drop)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));

	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, convex;
    long long n_cut = 0, tmp, nodeLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(if_skip_bubble && g->seq_vis[v] != 0) continue;
        if(if_drop && g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        if (nv < 2) continue;
        if(get_real_length(g, v, NULL) < 2) continue;
        uint64_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
        {
            kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[i].ol << 32 | (av - g->arc + i)));   
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint64_t k;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        
        asg_arc_t *a = &g->arc[(uint32_t)b.a[k]];
		///v is self id, w is the id of another end
		uint32_t i, iv, iw, v = (a->ul)>>32, w = a->v^1, to_del = 0;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw = asg_arc_n(g, w), kv, kw;
		uint32_t ov_max = 0, ow_max = 0;
		asg_arc_t *av, *aw;
		///nv must be >= 2
		if (nv == 1 && nw == 1) continue;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);


        ///calculate the longest edge for v and w
		for (i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			if (av[i].del) continue;
			if (ov_max < av[i].ol) ov_max = av[i].ol; 
			++kv;
		}
		if (kv >= 2 && a->ol > ov_max * drop_ratio) continue;


		for (i = 0, kw = 0; i < nw; ++i) {
			if (aw[i].del) continue;
			if (ow_max < aw[i].ol) ow_max = aw[i].ol;
			++kw;
		}
		if (kw >= 2 && a->ol > ow_max * drop_ratio) continue;
		///if (kv == 1 && kw == 1) continue;
        if (kv <= 1 && kw <= 1) continue;


        ///to see which one is the current edge (from v and w)
		for (iv = 0; iv < nv; ++iv)
			if (av[iv].v == (w^1)) break;
		for (iw = 0; iw < nw; ++iw)
			if (aw[iw].v == (v^1)) break;
        ///if one edge has been deleted, it should be deleted in both direction
        if (av[iv].del && aw[iw].del) continue;

        ///kv and kw is the avialiable 
		if (kv > 1 && kw > 1) {
			if (a->ol < ov_max * drop_ratio && a->ol < ow_max * drop_ratio)
            {
                to_del = 1;
            }
		} else if (kw == 1) {
            get_unitig(g, ug, w^1, &convex, &nodeLen, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);
            if(nodeLen < max_ext) to_del = 1;
            ///if (asg_topocut_aux(g, w^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
		} else if (kv == 1) {
            get_unitig(g, ug, v^1, &convex, &nodeLen, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);
            if(nodeLen < max_ext) to_del = 1;
			///if (asg_topocut_aux(g, v^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
		}
		if (to_del)
			av[iv].del = aw[iw].del = 1, ++n_cut;
    }
    
    free(b.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %lld short overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}


int unitig_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));

	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    long long n_cut = 0;
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE || g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        if (nv < 2) continue;
        uint64_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
        {
            kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[i].ol << 32 | (av - g->arc + i)));   
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint64_t k;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        
        asg_arc_t *a = &g->arc[(uint32_t)b.a[k]];
		///v is self id, w is the id of another end
		uint32_t i, v = (a->ul)>>32;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), kv;
		uint32_t ov_max = 0;
		asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
		///nv must be >= 2
		if (nv <= 1) continue;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);


        ///calculate the longest edge for v and w
		for (i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			if (av[i].del) continue;
			if (ov_max < av[i].ol) ov_max = av[i].ol; 
			++kv;
		}
        if (kv <= 1) continue;
		if (kv >= 2 && a->ol > ov_max * drop_ratio) continue;
        a->del = 1;
        asg_arc_del(g, a->v^1, av->ul>>32^1, 1);
        ++n_cut; 
    }
    
    free(b.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %lld short overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}


uint8_t get_tip_trio_infor(asg_t *sg, uint32_t begNode)
{
    uint32_t v = begNode, w;
    uint32_t kv;
    uint32_t eLen = 0, uLen = 0;
    uint32_t father_occ = 0, mother_occ = 0, ambigious_occ = 0;

    while (1)
    {
        kv = get_real_length(sg, v, NULL);
        eLen++;

        if(R_INF.trio_flag[v>>1]==FATHER)
        {
            father_occ++;
        }
        else if(R_INF.trio_flag[v>>1]==MOTHER)
        {
            mother_occ++;
        }
        else if((R_INF.trio_flag[v>>1]==AMBIGU) || (R_INF.trio_flag[v>>1]==DROP))
        {
            ambigious_occ++;
        }
        
        if(kv!=1) break;
        ///kv must be 1 here
        kv = get_real_length(sg, v, &w);
        if(get_real_length(sg, w^1, NULL)!=1) break;
        v = w;
        if(v == begNode) break;
    }

    uLen = eLen;
    eLen = father_occ + mother_occ;
    if(eLen == 0) return AMBIGU;
    if(father_occ >= mother_occ)
    {
        if((father_occ > TRIO_THRES*eLen) && (father_occ >= DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES*uLen)) return FATHER;
    }
    else
    {
        if((mother_occ > TRIO_THRES*eLen) && (mother_occ >= DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES*uLen)) return MOTHER;
    }
    return AMBIGU;
}

int asg_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length_trio(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio, int max_ext, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, uint32_t stops_threshold,
int if_skip_bubble, int if_drop, int if_check_hap, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));

	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    long long n_cut = 0;
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(if_skip_bubble && g->seq_vis[v] != 0) continue;
        if(if_drop && g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        if (nv < 2) continue;
        uint64_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
        {
            kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[i].ol << 32 | (av - g->arc + i)));   
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint64_t k;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        asg_arc_t *a = &g->arc[(uint32_t)b.a[k]];
		///v is self id, w is the id of another end
		uint32_t i, iv, iw, v = (a->ul)>>32, w = a->v^1, to_del = 0;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw = asg_arc_n(g, w), kv, kw;
		uint32_t ov_max = 0, ow_max = 0, ov_max_i = 0, ow_max_i = 0, trio_flag, non_trio_flag;
		asg_arc_t *av, *aw;
		///nv must be >= 2
		if (nv == 1 && nw == 1) continue;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
        kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
        if (kv <= 1 && kw <= 1) continue;
        trio_flag = get_tip_trio_infor(g, v^1);
        non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
        if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
        if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
        
        ///calculate the longest edge for v and w
		for (i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			if (av[i].del) continue;
            kv++; 
            if(get_tip_trio_infor(g, av[i].v) == non_trio_flag) continue;
			if (ov_max < av[i].ol) ov_max = av[i].ol, ov_max_i = i;
            ///kv++; 
		}
		if (kv >= 2 && a->ol > ov_max * drop_ratio) continue;

		for (i = 0, kw = 0; i < nw; ++i) {
			if (aw[i].del) continue;
            kw++;
            if (get_tip_trio_infor(g, aw[i].v) == non_trio_flag) continue;
			if (ow_max < aw[i].ol) ow_max = aw[i].ol, ow_max_i = i;
            ///kw++;
		}
		if (kw >= 2 && a->ol > ow_max * drop_ratio) continue;

        if (kv <= 1 && kw <= 1) continue;

        ///to see which one is the current edge (from v and w)
		for (iv = 0; iv < nv; ++iv)
			if (av[iv].v == (w^1)) break;
		for (iw = 0; iw < nw; ++iw)
			if (aw[iw].v == (v^1)) break;
        ///if one edge has been deleted, it should be deleted in both direction
        if (av[iv].del && aw[iw].del) continue;

        ///kv and kw is the avialiable 
		if (kv > 1 && kw > 1) {
			if (a->ol < ov_max * drop_ratio && a->ol < ow_max * drop_ratio)
				to_del = 1;
            if(if_check_hap == 1 && to_del == 1)
            {
                
                if(check_if_diploid_primary_complex(av[ov_max_i].v, w^1, g, reverse_sources, 
                miniedgeLen, stops_threshold, if_drop, ruIndex) == 1 
                   || 
                   check_if_diploid_primary_complex(aw[ow_max_i].v, v^1, g, reverse_sources, 
                miniedgeLen, stops_threshold, if_drop, ruIndex) == 1)
                {
                    to_del = 0;
                }
            }
        
		} else if (kw == 1) {
			if (asg_topocut_aux(g, w^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
            ///kv > 1
            if(if_check_hap == 1 && to_del == 1)
            {
                if(check_if_diploid_primary_complex(av[ov_max_i].v, w^1, g, reverse_sources, 
                miniedgeLen, stops_threshold, if_drop, ruIndex) == 1)
                {
                    to_del = 0;
                }
            }
		} else if (kv == 1) {
			if (asg_topocut_aux(g, v^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
            ///kw > 1
            if(if_check_hap == 1 && to_del == 1)
            {
                if(check_if_diploid_primary_complex(aw[ow_max_i].v, v^1, g, reverse_sources, 
                miniedgeLen, stops_threshold, if_drop, ruIndex) == 1)
                {
                    to_del = 0;
                }
            }
		}
		if (to_del)
			av[iv].del = aw[iw].del = 1, ++n_cut;
        
    }
    
    free(b.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %lld short overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}

int asg_arc_del_short_false_link(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio, float o_drop_ratio, int max_dist, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));


    kvec_t(uint32_t) b_f;
    memset(&b_f, 0, sizeof(b_f));

    kvec_t(uint32_t) b_r;
    memset(&b_r, 0, sizeof(b_r));


	uint32_t v, w, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_cut = 0;
    uint32_t sink;

    buf_t bub;
    if (!g->is_symm) asg_symm(g);
    memset(&bub, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    bub.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 0)
        {
            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            if(nv == 1 && asg_arc_n(g, v^1) == 1) continue;

            uint64_t t_ol = 0;
            long long i;
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
            {
                t_ol += av[i].ol;
            }
            kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)(t_ol << 32 | v));  
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint32_t min_edge;
    
    
    uint64_t k, t;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        ///v is the node
        v = (uint32_t)b.a[k];
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw, to_del_l, to_del_r;
        if (nv < 2) continue;
        uint32_t kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL), kw;
        if (kv < 2) continue;
        uint32_t i;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v), *aw;

        b_f.n = 0;
        b_r.n = 0;
        to_del_l = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (av[i].del) continue;
            
            w = av[i].v^1;
            nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
            if(nw < 2) break;
            kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
            if(kw < 2) break;

            kv_push(uint32_t, b_f, av[i].v);
            kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, w);

            aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
            min_edge = (u_int32_t)-1;
            for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
            {
                if(aw[t].del) continue;
                if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                if(aw[t].ol < min_edge) min_edge = aw[t].ol;
                ///kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, aw[t].v);
            }

            if(av[i].ol < min_edge * drop_ratio) to_del_l++;
        }












        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(to_del_l != kv)
        {
            b_f.n = 0;
            b_r.n = 0;
            to_del_l = 0;

            for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
            {
                if (av[i].del) continue;

                w = av[i].v^1;
                nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                if(nw < 2) break;
                kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                if(kw < 2) break;

                kv_push(uint32_t, b_f, av[i].v);
                kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, w);

                aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                min_edge = (u_int32_t)-1;
                for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
                {
                    if(aw[t].del) continue;
                    if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                    if(aw[t].ol < min_edge) min_edge = aw[t].ol;
                }

                if(av[i].ol < min_edge * o_drop_ratio) to_del_l++;
            }

            if(to_del_l == kv)
            {
                ///forward
                to_del_l = 1;
                for (i = 1; i < b_f.n; i++)
                {
                    if(check_if_diploid(b_f.a[0], b_f.a[i], g, reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex) == 1)
                    {
                        to_del_l++;
                    }
                }

                ///backward
                if(to_del_l != kv && b_r.n >= 2)
                {
                    to_del_l = 0;
                    uint32_t w0 = 0, w1 = 0;


                    w = b_r.a[0];
                    kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                    if(kw != 2) goto terminal;
                    aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                    nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                    for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
                    {
                        if(aw[t].del) continue;
                        if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                        w0 = aw[t].v;
                    }
                    to_del_l = 1;


                    for (i = 1; i < b_r.n; i++)
                    {
                        w = b_r.a[i];
                        kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                        if(kw != 2) goto terminal;
                        aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                        nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                        for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
                        {
                            if(aw[t].del) continue;
                            if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                            w1 = aw[t].v;
                        }

                        if(check_if_diploid(w0, w1, g, reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex) == 1)
                        {
                            to_del_l++;
                        }
                    }

                }
            }
        }

        terminal:
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/


        if(to_del_l != kv) continue;





        uint32_t convex1;
        long long l1;




        ////forward bubble
        to_del_l = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < b_f.n; i++)
        {
            if(b_f.a[i] == b_f.a[0])
            {
                to_del_l = 1;
            } 
            else
            {
                to_del_l = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
        //check the length
        if(to_del_l == 0 && asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance(g, 
        b_f.a, b_f.n, max_dist, &bub, 0, (u_int32_t)-1, &sink)==1)
        {
            to_del_l = 1;
        }
        if(to_del_l == 0 && detect_mul_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, b_f.a, b_f.n, &convex1, &l1, NULL))
        {
            to_del_l = 1;
        }

        ////backward bubble
        to_del_r = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < b_r.n; i++)
        {
            if(b_r.a[i] == b_r.a[0])
            {
                to_del_r = 1;
            } 
            else
            {
                to_del_r = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(to_del_r == 0 && asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance
        (g, b_r.a, b_r.n, max_dist, &bub, 1, v^1, &sink)==1)
        {
            to_del_r = 1;
        }
        if(to_del_r == 0 && detect_mul_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, b_r.a, b_r.n, &convex1, &l1, NULL))
        {
            to_del_r = 1;
        }

        
    



		if (to_del_l && to_del_r)
        {
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) 
            {
			    if (av[i].del) continue;
                ++n_cut;
                av[i].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(g, av[i].v^1, av[i].ul>>32^1, 1);
		    }

        }
    }
    
    free(b.a); free(b_f.a); free(b_r.a);
    free(bub.a); free(bub.S.a); free(bub.T.a); free(bub.b.a); free(bub.e.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %u false overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}


int asg_arc_del_short_false_link_primary(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio, float o_drop_ratio, int max_dist, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));


    kvec_t(uint32_t) b_f;
    memset(&b_f, 0, sizeof(b_f));

    kvec_t(uint32_t) b_r;
    memset(&b_r, 0, sizeof(b_r));


	uint32_t v, w, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_cut = 0;
    uint32_t sink;

    buf_t bub;
    if (!g->is_symm) asg_symm(g);
    memset(&bub, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    bub.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;

        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 0)
        {
            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            if(nv == 1 && asg_arc_n(g, v^1) == 1) continue;

            uint64_t t_ol = 0;
            long long i;
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
            {
                t_ol += av[i].ol;
            }
            kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)(t_ol << 32 | v));  
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint32_t min_edge;
    
    
    uint64_t k, t;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        ///v is the node
        v = (uint32_t)b.a[k];
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw, to_del_l, to_del_r;
        if (nv < 2) continue;
        uint32_t kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL), kw;
        if (kv < 2) continue;
        uint32_t i;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v), *aw;

        b_f.n = 0;
        b_r.n = 0;
        to_del_l = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (av[i].del) continue;
            
            w = av[i].v^1;
            nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
            if(nw < 2) break;
            kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
            if(kw < 2) break;

            kv_push(uint32_t, b_f, av[i].v);
            kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, w);

            aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
            min_edge = (u_int32_t)-1;
            for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
            {
                if(aw[t].del) continue;
                if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                if(aw[t].ol < min_edge) min_edge = aw[t].ol;
                ///kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, aw[t].v);
            }

            if(av[i].ol < min_edge * drop_ratio) to_del_l++;
        }












        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(to_del_l != kv)
        {
            b_f.n = 0;
            b_r.n = 0;
            to_del_l = 0;

            for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
            {
                if (av[i].del) continue;

                w = av[i].v^1;
                nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                if(nw < 2) break;
                kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                if(kw < 2) break;

                kv_push(uint32_t, b_f, av[i].v);
                kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, w);

                aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                min_edge = (u_int32_t)-1;
                for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
                {
                    if(aw[t].del) continue;
                    if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                    if(aw[t].ol < min_edge) min_edge = aw[t].ol;
                }

                if(av[i].ol < min_edge * o_drop_ratio) to_del_l++;
            }

            if(to_del_l == kv)
            {
                ///forward
                to_del_l = 1;
                for (i = 1; i < b_f.n; i++)
                {
                    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                    if(check_if_diploid(b_f.a[0], b_f.a[i], g, reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex) == 1)
                    {/****************************may have bugs********************************/
                        to_del_l++;
                    }
                }

                ///backward
                if(to_del_l != kv && b_r.n >= 2)
                {
                    to_del_l = 0;
                    uint32_t w0 = 0, w1 = 0;


                    w = b_r.a[0];
                    kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                    if(kw != 2) goto terminal;
                    aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                    nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                    for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
                    {
                        if(aw[t].del) continue;
                        if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                        w0 = aw[t].v;
                    }
                    to_del_l = 1;


                    for (i = 1; i < b_r.n; i++)
                    {
                        w = b_r.a[i];
                        kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                        if(kw != 2) goto terminal;
                        aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                        nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                        for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
                        {
                            if(aw[t].del) continue;
                            if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                            w1 = aw[t].v;
                        }
                        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                        if(check_if_diploid(w0, w1, g, reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex) == 1)
                        {/****************************may have bugs********************************/
                            to_del_l++;
                        }
                    }

                }
            }
        }

        terminal:
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/


        if(to_del_l != kv) continue;





        uint32_t convex1;
        long long l1;




        ////forward bubble
        to_del_l = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < b_f.n; i++)
        {
            if(b_f.a[i] == b_f.a[0])
            {
                to_del_l = 1;
            } 
            else
            {
                to_del_l = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
        //check the length
        if(to_del_l == 0 && asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance(g, 
        b_f.a, b_f.n, max_dist, &bub, 0, (u_int32_t)-1, &sink)==1)
        {
            to_del_l = 1;
        }
        if(to_del_l == 0 && detect_mul_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, b_f.a, b_f.n, &convex1, &l1, NULL))
        {
            to_del_l = 1;
        }

        ////backward bubble
        to_del_r = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < b_r.n; i++)
        {
            if(b_r.a[i] == b_r.a[0])
            {
                to_del_r = 1;
            } 
            else
            {
                to_del_r = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(to_del_r == 0 && asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance
        (g, b_r.a, b_r.n, max_dist, &bub, 1, v^1, &sink)==1)
        {
            to_del_r = 1;
        }
        if(to_del_r == 0 && detect_mul_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, b_r.a, b_r.n, &convex1, &l1, NULL))
        {
            to_del_r = 1;
        }

        
    



		if (to_del_l && to_del_r)
        {
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) 
            {
			    if (av[i].del) continue;
                ++n_cut;
                av[i].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(g, av[i].v^1, av[i].ul>>32^1, 1);
		    }

        }
    }
    
    free(b.a); free(b_f.a); free(b_r.a);
    free(bub.a); free(bub.S.a); free(bub.T.a); free(bub.b.a); free(bub.e.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %u false overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}

int asg_arc_del_short_false_link_advance(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio, float o_drop_ratio, int max_dist, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));


    kvec_t(uint32_t) b_f;
    memset(&b_f, 0, sizeof(b_f));

    kvec_t(uint32_t) b_r;
    memset(&b_r, 0, sizeof(b_r));


	uint32_t v, w, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_cut = 0;
    uint32_t sink;

    buf_t bub;
    if (!g->is_symm) asg_symm(g);
    memset(&bub, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    bub.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 0)
        {
            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            if(nv == 1 && asg_arc_n(g, v^1) == 1) continue;

            uint64_t t_ol = 0;
            long long i;
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
            {
                t_ol += av[i].ol;
            }
            kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)(t_ol << 32 | v));  
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint32_t min_edge;
    
    uint64_t k, t;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        ///v is the node
        v = (uint32_t)b.a[k];
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw, to_del_l, to_del_r;
        if (nv < 2) continue;
        uint32_t kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL), kw;
        if (kv < 2) continue;
        uint32_t i;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v), *aw;

        b_f.n = 0;
        b_r.n = 0;
        to_del_l = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (av[i].del) continue;
            
            w = av[i].v^1;
            nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
            if(nw < 2) break;
            kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
            if(kw < 2) break;

            kv_push(uint32_t, b_f, av[i].v);
            kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, w);

            aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
            min_edge = (u_int32_t)-1;
            for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
            {
                if(aw[t].del) continue;
                if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                if(aw[t].ol < min_edge) min_edge = aw[t].ol;
                ///kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, aw[t].v);
            }

            if(av[i].ol < min_edge * drop_ratio) to_del_l++;
        }












        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(to_del_l != kv)
        {
            b_f.n = 0;
            b_r.n = 0;
            to_del_l = 0;

            for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
            {
                if (av[i].del) continue;

                w = av[i].v^1;
                nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                if(nw < 2) break;
                kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                if(kw < 2) break;

                kv_push(uint32_t, b_f, av[i].v);
                kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, w);

                aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                min_edge = (u_int32_t)-1;
                for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
                {
                    if(aw[t].del) continue;
                    if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                    if(aw[t].ol < min_edge) min_edge = aw[t].ol;
                }

                if(av[i].ol < min_edge * o_drop_ratio) to_del_l++;
            }

            if(to_del_l == kv)
            {
                ///forward
                to_del_l = 1;
                for (i = 1; i < b_f.n; i++)
                {
                    if(check_if_diploid(b_f.a[0], b_f.a[i], g, reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex) == 1)
                    {
                        to_del_l++;
                    }
                }

                ///backward
                if(to_del_l != kv && b_r.n >= 2)
                {
                    to_del_l = 0;
                    uint32_t w0 = 0, w1 = 0;


                    w = b_r.a[0];
                    kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                    if(kw != 2) goto terminal;
                    aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                    nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                    for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
                    {
                        if(aw[t].del) continue;
                        if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                        w0 = aw[t].v;
                    }
                    to_del_l = 1;


                    for (i = 1; i < b_r.n; i++)
                    {
                        w = b_r.a[i];
                        kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                        if(kw != 2) goto terminal;
                        aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                        nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                        for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
                        {
                            if(aw[t].del) continue;
                            if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                            w1 = aw[t].v;
                        }

                        if(check_if_diploid(w0, w1, g, reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex) == 1)
                        {
                            to_del_l++;
                        }
                    }

                }
            }
        }

        terminal:
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/


        if(to_del_l != kv) continue;





        uint32_t convex1;
        long long l1;




        ////forward bubble
        to_del_l = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < b_f.n; i++)
        {
            if(b_f.a[i] == b_f.a[0])
            {
                to_del_l = 1;
            } 
            else
            {
                to_del_l = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
        //check the length
        if(to_del_l == 0 && asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance(g, 
        b_f.a, b_f.n, max_dist, &bub, 0, (u_int32_t)-1, &sink)==1)
        {
            to_del_l = 1;
        }
        if(to_del_l == 0 && detect_mul_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, b_f.a, b_f.n, &convex1, &l1, NULL))
        {
            to_del_l = 1;
        }

        ////backward bubble
        to_del_r = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < b_r.n; i++)
        {
            if(b_r.a[i] == b_r.a[0])
            {
                to_del_r = 1;
            } 
            else
            {
                to_del_r = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(to_del_r == 0 && asg_bub_end_finder_with_del_advance
        (g, b_r.a, b_r.n, max_dist, &bub, 1, v^1, &sink)==1)
        {
            to_del_r = 1;
        }
        if(to_del_r == 0 && detect_mul_bubble_end_with_bubbles(g, b_r.a, b_r.n, &convex1, &l1, NULL))
        {
            to_del_r = 1;
        }

  


		if (to_del_l && to_del_r)
        {
            ///fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", Get_NAME_LENGTH((R_INF), v>>1), Get_NAME((R_INF), v>>1));
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) 
            {
			    if (av[i].del) continue;
                
                ++n_cut;
                av[i].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(g, av[i].v^1, av[i].ul>>32^1, 1);
		    }

        }
    }
    
    free(b.a); free(b_f.a); free(b_r.a);
    free(bub.a); free(bub.S.a); free(bub.T.a); free(bub.b.a); free(bub.e.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d false overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
	return n_cut;
}


int asg_arc_del_complex_false_link(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio, float o_drop_ratio, int max_dist, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));


    kvec_t(uint32_t) b_f;
    memset(&b_f, 0, sizeof(b_f));

    kvec_t(uint32_t) b_r;
    memset(&b_r, 0, sizeof(b_r));


	uint32_t v, w, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_cut = 0;


    buf_t bub;
    if (!g->is_symm) asg_symm(g);
    memset(&bub, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    bub.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 0)
        {
            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);

            if(nv == 1 && asg_arc_n(g, v^1) == 1) continue;

            uint64_t t_ol = 0;
            long long i;
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
            {
                t_ol += av[i].ol;
            }
            kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)(t_ol << 32 | v));  
        }
	}


    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint32_t min_edge;
    
    
    uint64_t k, t;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        ///v is the node
        v = (uint32_t)b.a[k];
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw, to_del;
        if (nv < 2) continue;
        uint32_t kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL), kw;
        if (kv < 2) continue;///V must have two out-nodes
        uint32_t i;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v), *aw;

        b_f.n = 0;
        b_r.n = 0;
        to_del = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (av[i].del) continue;
            
            w = av[i].v^1;
            nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
            if(nw < 2) break;
            kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
            if(kw < 2) break;

            kv_push(uint32_t, b_f, av[i].v);
            kv_push(uint32_t, b_r, w);

            aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
            min_edge = (u_int32_t)-1;
            for (t = 0; t < nw; t++)
            {
                if(aw[t].del) continue;
                if((aw[t].v>>1) == (v>>1)) continue;
                if(aw[t].ol < min_edge) min_edge = aw[t].ol;
            }

            if(av[i].ol < min_edge * drop_ratio) to_del++;
        }

        if(to_del != kv) continue;

        for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) 
        {
            if (av[i].del) continue;
            ++n_cut;
            av[i].del = 1;
            asg_arc_del(g, av[i].v^1, av[i].ul>>32^1, 1);
        }
    }


    if(n_cut > 0)
    {
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            if (g->seq[v>>1].del)
            {
                continue;
            } 

            if(nv < 2)
            {
                continue;
            }


            if(asg_bub_finder_without_del_advance(g, v, max_dist, &bub) == 1)
            {
                uint32_t i;
                g->seq_vis[v] = 3;
                g->seq_vis[v^1] = 3;
                for (i = 0; i < bub.b.n; i++)
                {
                    g->seq_vis[bub.b.a[i]] = 3;
                    g->seq_vis[bub.b.a[i]^1] = 3;
                }
            }
        }


        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            if(g->seq_vis[v] == 3) continue;

            uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            uint32_t i;
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) 
            {
                if (av[i].del && g->seq_vis[av[i].v] != 3)
                {
                    av[i].del = 0;
                    asg_arc_del(g, av[i].v^1, av[i].ul>>32^1, 0);
                } 
            }
        }
    }
    


    
    free(b.a); free(b_f.a); free(b_r.a);
    free(bub.a); free(bub.S.a); free(bub.T.a); free(bub.b.a); free(bub.e.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d false overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}


int asg_arc_del_short_diploid_by_exact(asg_t *g, int max_ext, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));

	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    long long n_cut = 0;
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 0)
        {
            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            if (nv < 2) continue;
            long long i;
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
            {
                kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[i].ol << 32 | (av - g->arc + i)));   
            }
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint64_t k;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        
        asg_arc_t *a = &g->arc[(uint32_t)b.a[k]];
		///v is self id, w is the id of another end
		uint32_t i, iv, iw, v = (a->ul)>>32, w = a->v^1, to_del = 0;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw = asg_arc_n(g, w), kv, kw;
		uint32_t ov_max = 0, ow_max = 0, ov_max_i = 0;
		asg_arc_t *av, *aw;
		///nv must be >= 2
		if (nv == 1 && nw == 1) continue;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);


        ///calculate the longest edge for v and w
		for (i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			if (av[i].del) continue;
			if (ov_max < av[i].ol) 
            {
                ov_max = av[i].ol;
                ov_max_i = i;
            }
			++kv;
		}
		if (kv >= 2 && a->ol == ov_max) continue;


		for (i = 0, kw = 0; i < nw; ++i) {
			if (aw[i].del) continue;
			if (ow_max < aw[i].ol) 
            {
                ow_max = aw[i].ol;
            }
			++kw;
		}
		if (kw >= 2 && a->ol == ow_max) continue;

		///if (kv == 1 && kw == 1) continue;
        if (kv <= 1 && kw <= 1) continue;


        ///to see which one is the current edge (from v and w)
		for (iv = 0; iv < nv; ++iv)
			if (av[iv].v == (w^1)) break;
		for (iw = 0; iw < nw; ++iw)
			if (aw[iw].v == (v^1)) break;
        ///if one edge has been deleted, it should be deleted in both direction
        if (av[iv].del && aw[iw].del) continue;


        ///if this edge is an inexact edge
        if(a->el == 0 && 
        sources[v>>1].is_fully_corrected == 1 && 
        sources[w>>1].is_fully_corrected == 1)
        {
            if (kv > 1 && kw > 1) {
				to_del = 1;
            } else if (kw == 1) {
                if (asg_topocut_aux(g, w^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
            } else if (kv == 1) {
                if (asg_topocut_aux(g, v^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
            }
        }

        if(a->el == 0 && 
        sources[v>>1].is_fully_corrected == 1 && 
        sources[w>>1].is_fully_corrected == 0)
        {
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            ///if(av[ov_max_i].el == 1 && sources[av[ov_max_i].v>>1].is_fully_corrected)
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            if(av[ov_max_i].el == 1 && sources[av[ov_max_i].v>>1].is_fully_corrected == 1)
            {
                if (kv > 1 && kw > 1) {
                    to_del = 1;
                } else if (kw == 1) {
                    if (asg_topocut_aux(g, w^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
                } else if (kv == 1) {
                    if (asg_topocut_aux(g, v^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
                }
            }
        }


        
		if (to_del)
			av[iv].del = aw[iw].del = 1, ++n_cut;
        
    }
    
    free(b.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %lld inexact overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}

int asg_arc_del_short_diploid_by_exact_trio(asg_t *g, int max_ext, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));

	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    long long n_cut = 0;
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 0)
        {
            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            if (nv < 2) continue;
            long long i;
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
            {
                kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[i].ol << 32 | (av - g->arc + i)));   
            }
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint64_t k;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        
        asg_arc_t *a = &g->arc[(uint32_t)b.a[k]];
		///v is self id, w is the id of another end
		uint32_t i, iv, iw, v = (a->ul)>>32, w = a->v^1, to_del = 0;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw = asg_arc_n(g, w), kv, kw;
		uint32_t ov_max = 0, ow_max = 0, ov_max_i = 0, trio_flag, non_trio_flag;
		asg_arc_t *av, *aw;
		///nv must be >= 2
		if (nv == 1 && nw == 1) continue;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
        kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        kw = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
        if (kv <= 1 && kw <= 1) continue;
        trio_flag = get_tip_trio_infor(g, v^1);
        non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
        if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
        if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;


        ///calculate the longest edge for v and w
		for (i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			if (av[i].del) continue;
            ++kv;
            if(get_tip_trio_infor(g, av[i].v) == non_trio_flag) continue;
			if (ov_max < av[i].ol) 
            {
                ov_max = av[i].ol;
                ov_max_i = i;
            }
			///++kv;
		}
		if (kv >= 2 && a->ol == ov_max) continue;


		for (i = 0, kw = 0; i < nw; ++i) {
			if (aw[i].del) continue;
            ++kw;
            if (get_tip_trio_infor(g, aw[i].v) == non_trio_flag) continue;
			if (ow_max < aw[i].ol) 
            {
                ow_max = aw[i].ol;
            }
			///++kw;
		}
		if (kw >= 2 && a->ol == ow_max) continue;
        if (kv <= 1 && kw <= 1) continue;


        ///to see which one is the current edge (from v and w)
		for (iv = 0; iv < nv; ++iv)
			if (av[iv].v == (w^1)) break;
		for (iw = 0; iw < nw; ++iw)
			if (aw[iw].v == (v^1)) break;
        ///if one edge has been deleted, it should be deleted in both direction
        if (av[iv].del && aw[iw].del) continue;


        ///if this edge is an inexact edge
        if(a->el == 0 && 
        sources[v>>1].is_fully_corrected == 1 && 
        sources[w>>1].is_fully_corrected == 1)
        {
            if (kv > 1 && kw > 1) {
				to_del = 1;
            } else if (kw == 1) {
                if (asg_topocut_aux(g, w^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
            } else if (kv == 1) {
                if (asg_topocut_aux(g, v^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
            }
        }

        if(a->el == 0 && 
        sources[v>>1].is_fully_corrected == 1 && 
        sources[w>>1].is_fully_corrected == 0)
        {
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            ///if(av[ov_max_i].el == 1 && sources[av[ov_max_i].v>>1].is_fully_corrected)
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            if(av[ov_max_i].el == 1 && sources[av[ov_max_i].v>>1].is_fully_corrected == 1)
            {
                if (kv > 1 && kw > 1) {
                    to_del = 1;
                } else if (kw == 1) {
                    if (asg_topocut_aux(g, w^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
                } else if (kv == 1) {
                    if (asg_topocut_aux(g, v^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
                }
            }
        }


        
		if (to_del)
			av[iv].del = aw[iw].del = 1, ++n_cut;
        
    }
    
    free(b.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %lld inexact overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}


int asg_arc_del_short_diploi_by_suspect_edge(asg_t *g, int max_ext)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));

	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    long long n_cut = 0;
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        ///if(g->seq_vis[v] == 0)
        {
            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            if (nv < 2) continue;

            long long i;
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
            {
                ///means there is a large indel at this edge
                if(av[i].no_l_indel == 0)
                {
                    kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[i].ol << 32 | (av - g->arc + i)));   
                }
            }
        }
	}


    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);


    uint64_t k;
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        
        asg_arc_t *a = &g->arc[(uint32_t)b.a[k]];
		///v is self id, w is the id of another end
		uint32_t i, iv, iw, v = (a->ul)>>32, w = a->v^1, to_del = 0;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw = asg_arc_n(g, w), kv, kw;
		asg_arc_t *av, *aw;
		///nv must be >= 2
		if (nv == 1 && nw == 1) continue;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);

        ///calculate the longest edge for v and w
		for (i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i) 
        {
			if (av[i].del) continue;
			++kv;
		}

		for (i = 0, kw = 0; i < nw; ++i) 
        {
			if (aw[i].del) continue;
			++kw;
		}

		if (kv == 1 && kw == 1) continue;

        ///to see which one is the current edge (from v and w)
		for (iv = 0; iv < nv; ++iv)
			if (av[iv].v == (w^1)) break;
		for (iw = 0; iw < nw; ++iw)
			if (aw[iw].v == (v^1)) break;

        ///if one edge has been deleted, it should be deleted in both direction
        if (av[iv].del && aw[iw].del) continue;

        
        if (kv > 1 && kw > 1) {
			to_del = 1;
        } else if (kw == 1) {
            if (asg_topocut_aux(g, w^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
        } else if (kv == 1) {
            if (asg_topocut_aux(g, v^1, max_ext) < max_ext) to_del = 1;
        }
        
		if (to_del)
			av[iv].del = aw[iw].del = 1, ++n_cut;
    }
    
    free(b.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %lld suspect overlaps\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}

int if_potential_false_node(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, uint64_t rLen, ma_sub_t* max_left, ma_sub_t* max_right, int if_set)
{
    max_left->s = max_right->s = rLen;
    max_left->e = max_right->e = 0;

    long long j;
    uint32_t qs, qe;
    for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
    {
        if(paf->buffer[j].del) continue;
        if(paf->buffer[j].el != 1) continue;

        qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
        qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);

        ///overlaps from left side
        if(qs == 0)
        {
            if(qs < max_left->s) max_left->s = qs;
            if(qe > max_left->e) max_left->e = qe;
        }

        ///overlaps from right side
        if(qe == rLen)
        {
            if(qs < max_right->s) max_right->s = qs;
            if(qe > max_right->e) max_right->e = qe;
        }

        ///note: if (qs == 0 && qe == rLen)
        ///this overlap would be added to both b_left and b_right
        ///that is what we want
    }

    if (max_left->e > max_right->s) return 0;

    long long new_left_e, new_right_s;
    new_left_e = max_left->e;
    new_right_s = max_right->s;

    for (j = 0; j < paf->length; j++)
    {
        if(paf->buffer[j].del) continue;
        if(paf->buffer[j].el != 1) continue;

        qs = Get_qs(paf->buffer[j]);
        qe = Get_qe(paf->buffer[j]);
        ///check contained overlaps
        if(qs != 0 && qe != rLen)
        {
            ///[qs, qe), [max_left.s, max_left.e)
            if(qs < max_left->e && qe > max_left->e)
            {
                ///if(qe > max_left->e) max_left->e = qe;
                if(qe > max_left->e && qe > new_left_e) new_left_e = qe;
            }

            ///[qs, qe), [max_right.s, max_right.e)
            if(qs < max_right->s && qe > max_right->s)
            {
                ///if(qs < max_right->s) max_right->s = qs;
                if(qs < max_right->s && qs < new_right_s) new_right_s = qs;
            }



            if(if_set)
            {
                max_left->e = new_left_e;
                max_right->s = new_right_s;
            }
        }
    }

    max_left->e = new_left_e;
    max_right->s = new_right_s;

    if (max_left->e > max_right->s) return 0;

    return 1;
}

//reomve edge between two chromesomes
//this node must be a single read
int asg_arc_del_false_node(asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, int max_ext)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    kvec_t(uint64_t) b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));
    ma_sub_t max_left, max_right;

	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    long long n_cut = 0;
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(g->seq_vis[v] == 0)
        {
            if(asg_arc_n(g, v)!=1 || asg_arc_n(g, v^1)!=1)
            {
                continue;
            }


            if(asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, v)[0].v, v>>1) < 2)
            {
                continue;
            }

            if(asg_is_single_edge(g, asg_arc_a(g, v^1)[0].v, (v^1)>>1) < 2)
            {
                continue;
            }

            if(asg_arc_a(g, v)[0].el == 1)
            {
                continue;
            }

            if(if_potential_false_node(&(sources[v>>1]), g->seq[v>>1].len, &max_left, &max_right, 1)==0)
            {
                continue;
            }

            asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            kv_push(uint64_t, b, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[0].ol << 32 | (av - g->arc)));
        }
	}

    radix_sort_arch64(b.a, b.a + b.n);

    uint64_t k;
    ///here all edges are inexact matches 
    for (k = 0; k < b.n; k++)
    {
        
        asg_arc_t *a = &g->arc[(uint32_t)b.a[k]];
		///v is self id, w is the id of another end
		uint32_t i, iv, iw, v = (a->ul)>>32, w = a->v^1;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), nw = asg_arc_n(g, w), kv, kw;
		asg_arc_t *av, *aw;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);


        ///calculate the longest edge for v and w
		for (i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i) {
			if (av[i].del) continue;
			++kv;
		}

		for (i = 0, kw = 0; i < nw; ++i) {
			if (aw[i].del) continue;
			++kw;
		}

		if (kv < 1 || kw < 2) continue;

        ///to see which one is the current edge (from v and w)
		for (iv = 0; iv < nv; ++iv)
			if (av[iv].v == (w^1)) break;
		for (iw = 0; iw < nw; ++iw)
			if (aw[iw].v == (v^1)) break;
        ///if one edge has been deleted, it should be deleted in both direction
        if (av[iv].del && aw[iw].del) continue;

        

        uint32_t el_edges = 0;
        ///there should be at least two available edges in aw
        for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
        {
            if (aw[i].del) continue;

            if(i != iw && aw[i].el == 1)
            {
                el_edges++;
            }
        }

        if(el_edges > 0 && av[iv].el == 0)
        {
            asg_seq_del(g, v>>1);
            ++n_cut;
        }
    }
    
    free(b.a);
	if (n_cut) 
    {
		asg_cleanup(g);
		asg_symm(g);
	}

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %lld single nodes\n", __func__, n_cut);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
	return n_cut;
}


#define arc_cnt(g, v) ((uint32_t)(g)->idx[(v)])
#define arc_first(g, v) ((g)->arc[(g)->idx[(v)]>>32])

ma_ug_t *ma_ug_gen(asg_t *g)
{
    asg_cleanup(g);
	int32_t *mark;
	uint32_t i, v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
	///is a queue
	kdq_t(uint64_t) *q;
	ma_ug_t *ug;

	ug = (ma_ug_t*)calloc(1, sizeof(ma_ug_t));
	ug->g = asg_init();
    ///each node has two directions
	mark = (int32_t*)calloc(n_vtx, 4);

	q = kdq_init(uint64_t);
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) {
		uint32_t w, x, l, start, end, len;
		ma_utg_t *p;
        ///what's the usage of mark array
        ///mark array is used to mark if this node has already been included in a contig
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
		///if (g->seq[v>>1].del || arc_cnt(g, v) == 0 || mark[v]) continue;
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del || mark[v]) continue;
        if (arc_cnt(g, v) == 0 && arc_cnt(g, (v^1)) != 0) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
		mark[v] = 1;
		q->count = 0, start = v, end = v^1, len = 0;
		// forward
		w = v;
		while (1) {
			/**
			 * w----->x
			 * w<-----x
			 * that means the only suffix of w is x, and the only prefix of x is w
			 **/
			if (arc_cnt(g, w) != 1) break;
			x = arc_first(g, w).v; // w->x
			if (arc_cnt(g, x^1) != 1) break;

			/**
			 * another direction of w would be marked as used (since w has been used)
			**/
			mark[x] = mark[w^1] = 1;
			///l is the edge length, instead of overlap length
            ///note: edge length is different with overlap length
			l = asg_arc_len(arc_first(g, w));
			kdq_push(uint64_t, q, (uint64_t)w<<32 | l);
			end = x^1, len += l;
			w = x;
			if (x == v) break;
		}
		if (start != (end^1) || kdq_size(q) == 0) { // linear unitig
			///length of seq, instead of edge
			l = g->seq[end>>1].len;
			kdq_push(uint64_t, q, (uint64_t)(end^1)<<32 | l);
			len += l;
		} else { // circular unitig
			start = end = UINT32_MAX;
			goto add_unitig; // then it is not necessary to do the backward
		}
		// backward
		x = v;
		while (1) { // similar to forward but not the same
			if (arc_cnt(g, x^1) != 1) break;
			w = arc_first(g, x^1).v ^ 1; // w->x
			if (arc_cnt(g, w) != 1) break;
			mark[x] = mark[w^1] = 1;
			l = asg_arc_len(arc_first(g, w));
			///w is the seq id + direction, l is the length of edge
			///push element to the front of a queue
			kdq_unshift(uint64_t, q, (uint64_t)w<<32 | l);

            // fprintf(stderr, "uId: %u, >%.*s (%u)\n", 
            // ug->u.n, (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((R_INF), w>>1), Get_NAME((R_INF), w>>1), w>>1);

			start = w, len += l;
			x = w;
		}
add_unitig:
		if (start != UINT32_MAX) mark[start] = mark[end] = 1;
		kv_pushp(ma_utg_t, ug->u, &p);
		p->s = 0, p->start = start, p->end = end, p->len = len, p->n = kdq_size(q), p->circ = (start == UINT32_MAX);
		p->m = p->n;
		kv_roundup32(p->m);
		p->a = (uint64_t*)malloc(8 * p->m);
		//all elements are saved here
		for (i = 0; i < kdq_size(q); ++i)
			p->a[i] = kdq_at(q, i);
	}
	kdq_destroy(uint64_t, q);

	// add arcs between unitigs; reusing mark for a different purpose
	//ug saves all unitigs
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) mark[v] = -1;

    //mark all start nodes and end nodes of all unitigs
	for (i = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i) {
		if (ug->u.a[i].circ) continue;
		mark[ug->u.a[i].start] = i<<1 | 0;
		mark[ug->u.a[i].end] = i<<1 | 1;
	}

	//scan all edges
	for (i = 0; i < g->n_arc; ++i) {
		asg_arc_t *p = &g->arc[i];
		if (p->del) continue;
		///to connect two unitigs, we need to connect the end of unitig x to the start of unitig y
		///so we need to ^1 to get the reverse direction of (x's end)?
        ///>=0 means this node is a start/end node of an unitig
        ///means this node is a intersaction node
		if (mark[p->ul>>32^1] >= 0 && mark[p->v] >= 0) {
			asg_arc_t *q;
			uint32_t u = mark[p->ul>>32^1]^1;
			int l = ug->u.a[u>>1].len - p->ol;
			if (l < 0) l = 1;
			q = asg_arc_pushp(ug->g);
			q->ol = p->ol, q->del = 0;
			q->ul = (uint64_t)u<<32 | l;
			q->v = mark[p->v];
		}
	}
	for (i = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i)
		asg_seq_set(ug->g, i, ug->u.a[i].len, 0);
	asg_cleanup(ug->g);
	free(mark);
	return ug;
}

ma_ug_t *ma_ug_gen_primary(asg_t *g, uint8_t flag)
{
    asg_cleanup(g);
	int32_t *mark;
	uint32_t i, v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
	///is a queue
	kdq_t(uint64_t) *q;
	ma_ug_t *ug;

	ug = (ma_ug_t*)calloc(1, sizeof(ma_ug_t));
	ug->g = asg_init();
    ///each node has two directions
	mark = (int32_t*)calloc(n_vtx, 4);

    ///for each untig, all node have the same direction
    ///and all node except the last one just have one edge
    ///the last one may have multiple edges
	q = kdq_init(uint64_t);
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) {
		uint32_t w, x, l, start, end, len;
		ma_utg_t *p;
        ///what's the usage of mark array
        ///mark array is used to mark if this node has already been included in a contig
        /****************************may have hap bugs********************************/
		///if (g->seq[v>>1].del || arc_cnt(g, v) == 0 || mark[v] || g->seq[v>>1].c != flag) continue;
        ///if (g->seq[v>>1].del || arc_cnt(g, v) == 0 || mark[v] || (g->seq[v>>1].c & flag) == 0) continue;
        ///if (g->seq[v>>1].del || arc_cnt(g, v) == 0 || mark[v]) continue;
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del || mark[v]) continue;
        if (arc_cnt(g, v) == 0 && arc_cnt(g, (v^1)) != 0) continue;
        if(flag == PRIMARY_LABLE && g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        if(flag == ALTER_LABLE && g->seq[v>>1].c != ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        /****************************may have hap bugs********************************/
		mark[v] = 1;
		q->count = 0, start = v, end = v^1, len = 0;
		// forward
		w = v;
		while (1) {
			/**
			 * w----->x
			 * w<-----x
			 * that means the only suffix of w is x, and the only prefix of x is w
			 **/
			if (arc_cnt(g, w) != 1) break;
			x = arc_first(g, w).v; // w->x
			if (arc_cnt(g, x^1) != 1) break;

			/**
			 * another direction of w would be marked as used (since w has been used)
			**/
			mark[x] = mark[w^1] = 1;
			///l is the edge length, instead of overlap length
            ///note: edge length is different with overlap length
			l = asg_arc_len(arc_first(g, w));
			kdq_push(uint64_t, q, (uint64_t)w<<32 | l);
			end = x^1, len += l;
			w = x;
			if (x == v) break;
		}
        ///kdq_size(q) == 0 means there is just one read
		if (start != (end^1) || kdq_size(q) == 0) { // linear unitig
			///length of seq, instead of edge
			l = g->seq[end>>1].len;
			kdq_push(uint64_t, q, (uint64_t)(end^1)<<32 | l);
			len += l;
		} else { // circular unitig
			start = end = UINT32_MAX;
			goto add_unitig; // then it is not necessary to do the backward
		}
		// backward
		x = v;
		while (1) { // similar to forward but not the same
			if (arc_cnt(g, x^1) != 1) break;
			w = arc_first(g, x^1).v ^ 1; // w->x
			if (arc_cnt(g, w) != 1) break;
			mark[x] = mark[w^1] = 1;
			l = asg_arc_len(arc_first(g, w));
			///w is the seq id + direction, l is the length of edge
			///push element to the front of a queue
			kdq_unshift(uint64_t, q, (uint64_t)w<<32 | l);
			start = w, len += l;
			x = w;
		}
add_unitig:
		if (start != UINT32_MAX) mark[start] = mark[end] = 1;
		kv_pushp(ma_utg_t, ug->u, &p);
		p->s = 0, p->start = start, p->end = end, p->len = len, p->n = kdq_size(q), p->circ = (start == UINT32_MAX);
		p->m = p->n;
		kv_roundup32(p->m);
		p->a = (uint64_t*)malloc(8 * p->m);
		//all elements are saved here
		for (i = 0; i < kdq_size(q); ++i)
			p->a[i] = kdq_at(q, i);
	}
	kdq_destroy(uint64_t, q);

	// add arcs between unitigs; reusing mark for a different purpose
	//ug saves all unitigs
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) mark[v] = -1;

    //mark all start nodes and end nodes of all unitigs
    ///note ug->u.a[i].start == ug->u.a[i].a[0]
    ///but ug->u.a[i].end = ug->u.a[i].a[ug->u.a[i].n-1]^1
    ///ug->u.a[i].start has the same direction as other non-end node
    ///while ug->u.a[i].end is the only one with reverse direction
	for (i = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i) {
		if (ug->u.a[i].circ) continue;
        ///i is the untig id
		mark[ug->u.a[i].start] = i<<1 | 0;
		mark[ug->u.a[i].end] = i<<1 | 1;
	}

	//scan all edges
	for (i = 0; i < g->n_arc; ++i) {
		asg_arc_t *p = &g->arc[i];
		if (p->del) continue;
		/**
	p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
	                    qns            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
						                 (based on query)
	p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
				        tns             reverse direction of overlap
						                  (based on target)
	p->ol: overlap length
	**/
		///to connect two unitigs, we need to connect the end of unitig x to the start of unitig y
		///so we need to ^1 to get the reverse direction of (x's end)?
        ///>=0 means this node is a start/end node of an unitig
        ///means this node is a intersaction node
        /**for one untig,
          start                end
         ----->              <------
         so if we want to find the edge between two untigs, their start and end look like: 

         start                end
         ----->              <------
         ---------------------------

                                    start                end
                                    ----->              <------
                                    ---------------------------
        p->ul>>32^1 is the end of the first untig,
        p->v is the start of the second untig
        **/
		if (mark[p->ul>>32^1] >= 0 && mark[p->v] >= 0) {
			asg_arc_t *q;
			uint32_t u = mark[p->ul>>32^1]^1;
			int l = ug->u.a[u>>1].len - p->ol;
			if (l < 0) l = 1;
			q = asg_arc_pushp(ug->g);
			q->ol = p->ol, q->del = 0;
			q->ul = (uint64_t)u<<32 | l;
			q->v = mark[p->v];
		}
	}
	for (i = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i)
		asg_seq_set(ug->g, i, ug->u.a[i].len, 0);
	asg_cleanup(ug->g);
	free(mark);
	return ug;
}

static char comp_tab[] = { // complement base
	  0,   1,	2,	 3,	  4,   5,	6,	 7,	  8,   9,  10,	11,	 12,  13,  14,	15,
	 16,  17,  18,	19,	 20,  21,  22,	23,	 24,  25,  26,	27,	 28,  29,  30,	31,
	 32,  33,  34,	35,	 36,  37,  38,	39,	 40,  41,  42,	43,	 44,  45,  46,	47,
	 48,  49,  50,	51,	 52,  53,  54,	55,	 56,  57,  58,	59,	 60,  61,  62,	63,
	 64, 'T', 'V', 'G', 'H', 'E', 'F', 'C', 'D', 'I', 'J', 'M', 'L', 'K', 'N', 'O',
	'P', 'Q', 'Y', 'S', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'W', 'X', 'R', 'Z',	91,	 92,  93,  94,	95,
	 64, 't', 'v', 'g', 'h', 'e', 'f', 'c', 'd', 'i', 'j', 'm', 'l', 'k', 'n', 'o',
	'p', 'q', 'y', 's', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'w', 'x', 'r', 'z', 123, 124, 125, 126, 127
};


void recover_fake_read(UC_Read* result, UC_Read* tmp, ma_utg_t *u,
All_reads *RNF, const ma_sub_t *coverage_cut)
{
    uint32_t j, k, ori, start, l = 0, eLen, rId, readLen;
    if(result->size < u->len)
    {
        result->size = u->len;
        result->seq = (char*)realloc(result->seq,sizeof(char)*(result->size));
    }
    char* readS = NULL;

    for (j = 0; j < u->n; ++j) {
        rId = u->a[j]>>33;
        ///uId = i;
        ori = u->a[j]>>32&1;
        start = l;
        eLen = (uint32_t)u->a[j];
        l += eLen;

        if(eLen == 0) continue;

        recover_UC_Read(tmp, RNF, rId);
        readS = tmp->seq + coverage_cut[rId].s;
        readLen = coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s;
        
        
        if (!ori) // forward strand
        {
            for (k = 0; k < eLen; k++)
            {
                result->seq[start + k] = readS[k];
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for (k = 0; k < eLen; k++)
            {
                uint8_t c = (uint8_t)readS[readLen - 1 - k];
                result->seq[start + k] = c >= 128? 'N' : comp_tab[c];
            }
        }
	}
    
    result->length = u->end - u->start;
    for (j = u->start; j < u->end; j++)
    {
        result->seq[j - u->start] = result->seq[j];
    }
}

void get_overlapLen(uint32_t rId, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, uint32_t* exactLen, uint32_t* inexactLen)
{
    (*exactLen) = (*inexactLen) = 0;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[rId]);
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    uint32_t i, len;
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        len = Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
        if(h->el == 1)
        {
            (*exactLen) += len;
        }
        else
        {
            (*inexactLen) += len;
        }
    }
}


void reduce_ma_utg_t(ma_utg_t* collection, asg_t* read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* newE)
{
    asg_arc_t t_f;
    asg_arc_t* av = NULL;
    uint32_t m = 0, k, i, nv;
    for (i = 0; i < collection->n; i++)
    {
        if(collection->a[i] == (uint64_t)-1)
        {
            // if(newE) asg_seq_del(read_g, collection->a[i]>>33);
            continue;
        } 
        
        collection->a[m] = collection->a[i];
        m++;
    }
    collection->n = m;


    uint32_t totalLen = 0, v, w, l;
    for (i = 0; i < collection->n - 1; i++)
    {
        v = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i])>>32;
        w = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i + 1])>>32; 




        /*******************************for debug************************************/
        l = (uint32_t)-1;
        av = asg_arc_a(read_g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(read_g, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(av[k].v == w) 
            {
                l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                break;
            }
        }

        if(k == nv) 
        {
            for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
            {
                if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
                if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == v && edge->a.a[k].v == w)
                {
                    l = asg_arc_len(edge->a.a[k]);
                    break;
                }
            }

            if(k == edge->a.n)
            {
                if(get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, v, w, &t_f)==0)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "####ERROR1: v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, w>>1: %u, w&1: %u, r_seq: %u\n",
                    v>>1, v&1, w>>1, w&1, read_g->r_seq);
                }
                l = asg_arc_len(t_f);

                
                if(newE)
                {
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, newE->a, t_f);
                    if(get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, w^1, v^1, &t_f)==0)
                    {
                        fprintf(stderr, "####ERROR2: v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, w>>1: %u, w&1: %u, r_seq: %u\n",
                        v>>1, v&1, w>>1, w&1, read_g->r_seq);
                    }
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, newE->a, t_f);
                }
                
            }
            else if(newE)
            {
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, newE->a, edge->a.a[k]);
                for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
                {
                    if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
                    if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == (w^1) && edge->a.a[k].v == (v^1))
                    {
                        l = asg_arc_len(edge->a.a[k]);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, newE->a, edge->a.a[k]);
            }
        }
        if(l == (uint32_t)-1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
        /*******************************for debug************************************/









        collection->a[i] = v; collection->a[i] = collection->a[i]<<32; 
        collection->a[i] = collection->a[i] | (uint64_t)(l);
        totalLen += l;
    }

    if(i < collection->n)
    {
        if(collection->circ)
        {
            v = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i])>>32;
            w = (uint64_t)(collection->a[0])>>32; 
            



            /*******************************for debug************************************/
            l = (uint32_t)-1;
            av = asg_arc_a(read_g, v);
            nv = asg_arc_n(read_g, v);
            for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
            {
                if(av[k].del) continue;
                if(av[k].v == w) 
                {
                    l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                    break;
                }
            }
            
            if(k == nv) 
            {
                for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
                {
                    if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
                    if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == v && edge->a.a[k].v == w)
                    {
                        l = asg_arc_len(edge->a.a[k]);
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if(k == edge->a.n)
                {
                    if(get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, v, w, &t_f)==0)
                    {
                        fprintf(stderr, "####ERROR1: v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, w>>1: %u, w&1: %u, r_seq: %u\n",
                        v>>1, v&1, w>>1, w&1, read_g->r_seq);
                    }
                    l = asg_arc_len(t_f);

                    if(newE)
                    {
                        kv_push(asg_arc_t, newE->a, t_f);
                        if(get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, w^1, v^1, &t_f)==0)
                        {
                            fprintf(stderr, "####ERROR2: v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, w>>1: %u, w&1: %u, r_seq: %u\n",
                            v>>1, v&1, w>>1, w&1, read_g->r_seq);
                        }
                        kv_push(asg_arc_t, newE->a, t_f);
                    }
                }
                else if(newE)
                {
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, newE->a, edge->a.a[k]);
                    for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
                    {
                        if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
                        if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == (w^1) && edge->a.a[k].v == (v^1))
                        {
                            l = asg_arc_len(edge->a.a[k]);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, newE->a, edge->a.a[k]);
                }
            }
            if(l == (uint32_t)-1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
            /*******************************for debug************************************/












            collection->a[i] = v; collection->a[i] = collection->a[i]<<32; 
            collection->a[i] = collection->a[i] | (uint64_t)(l);

            totalLen += l;
        }
        else
        {
            v = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i])>>32;
            l = read_g->seq[v>>1].len;
            collection->a[i] = v;
            collection->a[i] = collection->a[i]<<32;
            collection->a[i] = collection->a[i] | (uint64_t)(l);
            totalLen += l;
        }
    }

    collection->len = totalLen;
    if(!collection->circ)
    {
        collection->start = collection->a[0]>>32;
        collection->end = (collection->a[collection->n-1]>>32)^1;
    }
}


uint32_t detect_exact_ovec(ma_utg_t* collection, asg_t* read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int max_hang, int min_ovlp,
uint32_t src, uint32_t dest_idx)
{
    asg_arc_t *t = NULL, i_t;
    uint32_t i, k, dest;
    for (i = dest_idx; i < collection->n; i++)
    {
        t = NULL;
        dest = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i])>>32;
        if(get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, src, dest, &i_t) == 0)
        {
            for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
            {
                if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
                if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == src && edge->a.a[k].v == dest)
                {
                    t = &(edge->a.a[k]);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            t = &i_t;
        }

        if(t == NULL) return (uint32_t)-1;
        if(t->el != 1) continue;
        return i;
    }

    return (uint32_t)-1;
}

void get_specific_edge(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, asg_t* read_g, int max_hang, 
int min_ovlp, uint32_t query, uint32_t target, asg_arc_t* t)
{
    uint32_t nv, k;
    (*t).ul = (uint64_t)-1; (*t).v = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(read_g)
    {
        asg_arc_t* av = asg_arc_a(read_g, query);
        nv = asg_arc_n(read_g, query);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(av[k].v == target) 
            {
                (*t) = av[k];
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if((*t).ul == (uint64_t)-1)
    {
        if(get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, query, target, t)==0)
        {
            (*t).ul = (uint64_t)-1;
        }
    }
    
    if((*t).ul == (uint64_t)-1)
    {
        for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
        {
            if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
            if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == query && edge->a.a[k].v == target)
            {
                (*t) = edge->a.a[k];
                break;
            }
        }
        if(k == edge->a.n) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    }

}

uint32_t polish_unitig(ma_utg_t* collection, asg_t* read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, 
kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* newE)
{
    if(collection->m == 0) return 0;
    if(collection->n < 3) return 0;
    uint32_t i, k, v, pre, pre_i, afte, afte_i, exactLen, inexactLen, skip = 0;
    uint32_t min_inexactLen, max_exactLen;
    asg_arc_t pE, aE;
    pre = (uint64_t)(collection->a[0])>>32; pre_i = 0; afte_i = (uint32_t)-1;


    for (i = 1; i < collection->n - 1; i++)
    {
        if(collection->a[i] == (uint64_t)-1) continue;
        ///v and after must be available
        v = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i])>>32;
        afte = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i+1])>>32;

        get_specific_edge(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, edge, pre_i == i-1? read_g:NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
        v^1, pre^1, &pE);
        get_specific_edge(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, edge, read_g, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
        v, afte, &aE);
        
        if(pE.el == 1 && aE.el == 1)
        {
            pre = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i])>>32; pre_i = i;
            continue;
        } 

        ///pre must be a good read, we need to find a good after
        ///update a new afte
        afte_i = detect_exact_ovec(collection, read_g, sources, coverage_cut, edge, 
        max_hang, min_ovlp, pre, i+1);
        if(afte_i == (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            pre = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i])>>32; pre_i = i;
            continue;
        } 
        afte = (uint64_t)(collection->a[afte_i])>>32;


        min_inexactLen = (uint32_t)-1;max_exactLen = 0;
        for (k = i; k < afte_i; k++)
        {
            get_overlapLen((uint64_t)(collection->a[k])>>33, sources, &exactLen, &inexactLen);
            if(inexactLen < min_inexactLen)
            {
                min_inexactLen = inexactLen;
                max_exactLen = exactLen;
            }
        }

        get_overlapLen(pre>>1, sources, &exactLen, &inexactLen);
        if((inexactLen > min_inexactLen) || (inexactLen == min_inexactLen && exactLen <= max_exactLen))
        {
            pre = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i])>>32; pre_i = i;
            continue;
        } 

        get_overlapLen(afte>>1, sources, &exactLen, &inexactLen);
        if((inexactLen > min_inexactLen) || (inexactLen == min_inexactLen && exactLen <= max_exactLen))
        {
            pre = (uint64_t)(collection->a[i])>>32; pre_i = i;
            continue;
        } 

        for (k = i; k < afte_i; k++)
        {
            collection->a[k] = (uint64_t)-1;
            skip++;
        }
    }

    if(skip == 0) return 0;
    reduce_ma_utg_t(collection, read_g, sources, coverage_cut, edge, max_hang, min_ovlp, newE);

    return 1;
}


void print_rough_inconsistent_sites(ma_utg_t* collection, uint32_t cur_i, uint32_t next_i, 
asg_t* read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, UC_Read* r_read, UC_Read* q_read, int max_hang, int min_ovlp,
uint32_t c_beg, uint32_t rate_thre, kvec_t_u32_warp* exact_count, kvec_t_u32_warp* total_count, 
const char* prefix, int uID, FILE* fp, bed_in* interval)
{
    uint32_t v, w, i, rate;
    int v_beg, v_end, v_sub_beg, v_sub_end, w_beg, w_end, w_sub_beg, w_sub_end, i_beg, i_end, j;
    asg_arc_t t;
    bed_interval* p = NULL;
    v = (uint64_t)(collection->a[cur_i])>>32;
    ///last element
    if(cur_i == collection->n-1 && next_i == collection->n)
    {
        if(!collection->circ)
        {
            next_i = (uint32_t)-1;
        }
        else
        {
            next_i = 0;
        }
    }


    if(next_i != ((uint32_t)-1))
    {
        w = (uint64_t)(collection->a[next_i])>>32;

        get_specific_edge(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, edge, read_g, max_hang, min_ovlp, v, w, &t);
        v_beg = 0; v_end = asg_arc_len(t) - 1; 
        if(v&1)
        {
            v_beg = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - v_beg - 1;
            v_end = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - v_end - 1;
            w = v_beg; v_beg = v_end; v_end = w;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        v_beg = 0; v_end = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - 1;
    }

    kv_resize(uint32_t, exact_count->a, (uint32_t)(v_end - v_beg + 1)); 
    memset(exact_count->a.a, 0, (v_end-v_beg+1)*sizeof(uint32_t));
    kv_resize(uint32_t, total_count->a, (uint32_t)(v_end - v_beg + 1)); 
    memset(total_count->a.a, 0, (v_end-v_beg+1)*sizeof(uint32_t));
    exact_count->a.n = total_count->a.n = (v_end-v_beg+1);
    
    recover_UC_sub_Read(r_read, v_beg, v_end - v_beg + 1, 0, RNF, v>>1);
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[v>>1]);
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ///[v_beg, v_end] must be the end of read, which means v_beg = 0 or v_end = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - 1

    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        if(inter_interval(v_beg, v_end, Get_qs((*h)), Get_qe((*h)) - 1, 
                                                &v_sub_beg, &v_sub_end) == 0)
        {
            continue;
        }

        if(h->el)
        {
            for (j = v_sub_beg; j <= v_sub_end; j++)
            {
                exact_count->a.a[j-v_beg]++;
                total_count->a.a[j-v_beg]++;
            }            
            continue;
        }

        w_beg = Get_ts((*h)); w_end = Get_te((*h)) - 1;
        if(h->rev)
        {
            w_beg = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), Get_tn((*h))) - w_beg - 1;
            w_end = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), Get_tn((*h))) - w_end - 1;
            w = w_beg; w_beg = w_end; w_end = w;
        }



        w_sub_beg = w_beg + (v_sub_beg - Get_qs((*h)));
        if(w_sub_beg >= (int)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), Get_tn((*h)))))
        {
            w_sub_beg = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), Get_tn((*h))) - 1;
        }


        w_sub_end = w_end - ((int)(Get_qe((*h))) - 1 - v_sub_end);
        if(w_sub_end < 0) w_sub_end = 0;
        if(w_sub_beg > w_sub_end || (v_sub_end-v_sub_beg) != (w_sub_end-w_sub_beg))
        {
            for (j = v_sub_beg; j <= v_sub_end; j++)
            {
                total_count->a.a[j-v_beg]++;
            }  
            continue;
        } 

        recover_UC_sub_Read(q_read, w_sub_beg, w_sub_end-w_sub_beg +1, h->rev, RNF, Get_tn((*h)));
        if(if_exact_match(r_read->seq, r_read->length, q_read->seq, q_read->length, 
        v_sub_beg-v_beg, v_sub_end-v_beg, 0, q_read->length-1))
        {
            for (j = v_sub_beg; j <= v_sub_end; j++)
            {
                exact_count->a.a[j-v_beg]++;
                total_count->a.a[j-v_beg]++;
            }  
        }
        else
        {
            for (j = v_sub_beg; j <= v_sub_end; j++)
            {
                total_count->a.a[j-v_beg]++;
            } 
        }
    }
    
    i_beg = i_end = -1;
    v = (uint64_t)(collection->a[cur_i])>>32;
    uint32_t inexact = 0, total = 0; 
    for (i = 0; i < total_count->a.n; i++)
    {
        if(total_count->a.a[i] == 0)
        {
            rate = 100;
        }
        else
        {
            rate = ((total_count->a.a[i] - exact_count->a.a[i])*100)/total_count->a.a[i];
        }
         
        if(rate >= rate_thre)   ///inexact rate
        {
            ///start a new interval
            if(i_beg == -1 && i_end == -1)
            {
                i_beg = i_end = i;
            }
            else///extend current interval
            {
                i_end++;
            }
            total = total + total_count->a.a[i];
            inexact = inexact + (total_count->a.a[i] - exact_count->a.a[i]);
        }
        else///end an interval
        {
            if(i_beg != -1 && i_end != -1)
            {
                ///i_beg and i_end are the offsets in comparsion to v_beg
                v_sub_beg = i_beg + v_beg;
                v_sub_end = i_end + v_beg;
                if(v&1)
                {
                    i_beg = (v_end - v_beg + 1) - i_beg - 1;
                    i_end = (v_end - v_beg + 1) - i_end - 1;
                    w = i_beg; i_beg = i_end; i_end = w;
                }
                i_end++;
                rate = (total == 0)? 100 : (inexact*100)/total;

                if(prefix != NULL && fp != NULL)
                {
                    fprintf(fp,"%s%.6d%c\t%u\t%u\t%u\t", prefix, uID, "lc"[collection->circ], 
                    (uint32_t)(i_beg + c_beg), (uint32_t)(i_end + c_beg), rate);
                    fprintf(fp,"%.*s", (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)), Get_NAME((*RNF), (v>>1)));
                    for (j = 0; j < (int)x->length; j++)
                    {
                        h = &(x->buffer[j]);
                        if(inter_interval(v_sub_beg, v_sub_end, Get_qs((*h)), Get_qe((*h)) - 1, 
                                                                &w_sub_beg, &w_sub_end) == 0)
                        {
                            continue;
                        }
                        fprintf(fp,",%.*s", (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), Get_tn((*h))), Get_NAME((*RNF), Get_tn((*h))));
                    }
                    fprintf(fp,"\n");
                }
                else if(interval != NULL)
                {
                    kv_pushp(bed_interval, *interval, &p);
                    p->beg = (uint32_t)(i_beg + c_beg);
                    p->end = (uint32_t)(i_end + c_beg);
                }
                
            }

            i_beg = i_end = -1;
            inexact = total = 0;
        }
    }

    if(i_beg != -1 && i_end != -1)
    {
        ///i_beg and i_end are the offsets in comparsion to v_beg
        v_sub_beg = i_beg + v_beg;
        v_sub_end = i_end + v_beg;
        if(v&1)
        {
            i_beg = (v_end - v_beg + 1) - i_beg - 1;
            i_end = (v_end - v_beg + 1) - i_end - 1;
            w = i_beg; i_beg = i_end; i_end = w;
        }
        i_end++;
        rate = (total == 0)? 100 : (inexact*100)/total;

        if(prefix != NULL && fp != NULL)
        {
            fprintf(fp,"%s%.6d%c\t%u\t%u\t%u\t", prefix, uID, "lc"[collection->circ], 
            (uint32_t)(i_beg + c_beg), (uint32_t)(i_end + c_beg), rate);
            fprintf(fp,"%.*s", (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)), Get_NAME((*RNF), (v>>1)));
            for (j = 0; j < (int)x->length; j++)
            {
                h = &(x->buffer[j]);
                if(inter_interval(v_sub_beg, v_sub_end, Get_qs((*h)), Get_qe((*h)) - 1, 
                                                        &w_sub_beg, &w_sub_end) == 0)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                fprintf(fp,",%.*s", (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), Get_tn((*h))), Get_NAME((*RNF), Get_tn((*h))));
            }
            fprintf(fp,"\n");
        }
        else if(interval != NULL)
        {
            kv_pushp(bed_interval, *interval, &p);
            p->beg = (uint32_t)(i_beg + c_beg);
            p->end = (uint32_t)(i_end + c_beg);
        }
    }
    
}



int get_consensus_rate(ma_utg_t* collection, uint32_t cur_i, uint32_t next_i, 
asg_t* read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, UC_Read* r_read, UC_Read* q_read, int max_hang, int min_ovlp,
int* r_match, int* r_total)
{
    (*r_match) = (*r_total) = 0;
    if(cur_i < 1) return -1;
    asg_arc_t *t = NULL, i_t;
    uint32_t v, w, k, v_beg, v_end, w_beg, w_end;
    int j;
    if(collection->a[cur_i] == (uint64_t)-1 || collection->a[next_i] == (uint64_t)-1) return 0;

    v = (uint64_t)(collection->a[cur_i])>>32;
    w = (uint64_t)(collection->a[next_i])>>32;

    if(get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, v, w, &i_t) == 0)
    {
        for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
        {
            if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
            if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == v && edge->a.a[k].v == w)
            {
                t = &(edge->a.a[k]);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        t = &i_t;
    }

    if(t == NULL) return -1;
    v_beg = 0; v_end = asg_arc_len(*t) - 1; r_read->length = 0;
    ///cur_i must >= 1
    for (j = cur_i-1; j >= 0; j--)
    {
        if(collection->a[j] == (uint64_t)-1) continue;

        w = (uint64_t)(collection->a[j])>>32;
        t = NULL;

        if(get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, w, v, &i_t) == 0)
        {
            for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
            {
                if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
                if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == w && edge->a.a[k].v == v)
                {
                    t = &(edge->a.a[k]);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            t = &i_t;
        }

        if(t == NULL) break;
        
        w_beg = asg_arc_len(*t); 
        w_end = MIN(((int)(w_beg + v_end)), ((int)(read_g->seq[w>>1].len-1)));
        // if(t->el == 1)
        // {
        //     if(r_read->length == 0) recover_UC_sub_Read(r_read, v_beg, v_end - v_beg + 1, v&1, RNF, v>>1);
        //     ///for debug: check if v[v_beg, v_end] == w[w_beg, w_end]
        //     recover_UC_sub_Read(q_read, w_beg, w_end - w_beg +1, w&1, RNF, w>>1);
        //     ///q_read->length<=r_read->length
        //     if(if_exact_match(r_read->seq, r_read->length, q_read->seq, q_read->length, 
        //     0, q_read->length-1, 0, q_read->length-1) == 0)
        //     {
        //         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: cur_i: %u, j: %d, r_len: %lld, q_len: %lld\n", cur_i, j, r_read->length, q_read->length);
        //     }
        // }
        
        //filter overlaps which cannot cover the whole [v_beg, v_end]
        if(w_end - w_beg != v_end - v_beg) break;

        (*r_total)++;

        if(t->el == 1)
        {
            (*r_match)++;
        }
        else
        {
            if(r_read->length == 0) recover_UC_sub_Read(r_read, v_beg, v_end - v_beg + 1, v&1, RNF, v>>1);
            recover_UC_sub_Read(q_read, w_beg, w_end - w_beg +1, w&1, RNF, w>>1);
            ///q_read->length<=r_read->length
            if(if_exact_match(r_read->seq, r_read->length, q_read->seq, q_read->length, 
            0, q_read->length-1, 0, q_read->length-1) == 1)
            {
                (*r_match)++;
            }
        }
    }


    return 1;
}

uint32_t polish_unitig_advance(ma_utg_t* collection, asg_t* read_g, All_reads *RNF, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, 
UC_Read* r_read, UC_Read* q_read, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* newE)
{
    if(collection->m == 0) return 0;
    if(collection->n < 3) return 0;
    uint32_t i, skip = 0;
    int match_v, total_v, max_i, match_max, k;
    double match_rate, match_rate_max;
        
    ///we should be able to handle i = collection->n-1
    for (i = 1; i < collection->n-1; i++)
    {
        ///in practice, collection->a[i] and collection->a[i+1] must be available
        ///collection->a[index] might be unavailable only if index < i
        if(get_consensus_rate(collection, i, i+1, read_g, RNF, sources, coverage_cut, 
        edge, r_read, q_read, max_hang, min_ovlp, &match_v, &total_v) != 1)
        {
            continue;
        }

        match_rate = (total_v == 0)? 0:((double)(match_v)/(double)(total_v));
        ///most reads support collection[i], so it is right
        if(match_v >= total_v * 0.5 && total_v > 0 && match_v > 0) continue;

        max_i = i; match_max = match_v; match_rate_max = match_rate;
        for (k = i - 1; k >= 0; k--)
        {
            if(collection->a[k] == (uint64_t)-1) continue;
            ///collection->a[k] might be unavailable, while collection->a[i+1] must be available
            ///return -1 means there is no overlap from k to i+1
            if(get_consensus_rate(collection, k, i+1, read_g, RNF, sources, coverage_cut, 
            edge, r_read, q_read, max_hang, min_ovlp, &match_v, &total_v) < 0)
            {
                break;
            }

            ///no read support k to i+1
            if(total_v == 0) break;

            match_rate = (total_v == 0)? 0:((double)(match_v)/(double)(total_v));
            if(match_rate > match_rate_max || (match_rate == match_rate_max && match_v > match_max))
            {
                max_i = k; match_max = match_v; match_rate_max = match_rate;
            }
        }
        
        ///set [max_i+1, i] to be unavailable
        for (k = max_i+1; k <= (int)i; k++)
        {
            if(collection->a[k] == (uint64_t)-1) continue;
            collection->a[k] = (uint64_t)-1;
            skip++;
        }
    }

    if(skip == 0) return 1;

    reduce_ma_utg_t(collection, read_g, sources, coverage_cut, edge, max_hang, min_ovlp, newE);

    return 1;
}


// generate unitig sequences
int ma_ug_seq(ma_ug_t *g, asg_t *read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut,
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp *E)
{
    UC_Read g_read;
    init_UC_Read(&g_read);
    UC_Read tmp;
    init_UC_Read(&tmp);
	///utg_intv_t *tmp;
	uint32_t i, j, k;
    uint32_t rId, /**uId,**/ori, start, eLen, readLen;
    char* readS = NULL;
    
    ///why we need n_read here? it is just beacuse one read can only be included in one untig
    ///but it is not true
	///tmp = (utg_intv_t*)calloc(n_read, sizeof(utg_intv_t));
	///number of unitigs
	for (i = 0; i < g->u.n; ++i) {
		ma_utg_t *u = &g->u.a[i];
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        polish_unitig(u, read_g, sources, coverage_cut, edge, max_hang, min_ovlp, E);
        polish_unitig_advance(u, read_g, RNF, sources, coverage_cut, edge, &g_read, &tmp, max_hang, min_ovlp, E);
        g->g->seq[i].len = u->len;

		uint32_t l = 0;
		u->s = (char*)calloc(1, u->len + 1);
		memset(u->s, 'N', u->len);
		for (j = 0; j < u->n; ++j) {
            rId = u->a[j]>>33;
            ///uId = i;
            ori = u->a[j]>>32&1;
            start = l;
            eLen = (uint32_t)u->a[j];
			l += eLen;

            if(eLen == 0) continue;
            if(rId < read_g->r_seq)
            {
                recover_UC_Read(&g_read, RNF, rId);
            }
            else
            {
                recover_fake_read(&g_read, &tmp, &(read_g->F_seq[rId-read_g->r_seq]),
                RNF, coverage_cut);
            }

            readS = g_read.seq + coverage_cut[rId].s;
            readLen = coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s;
            
            if (!ori) // forward strand
            {
                for (k = 0; k < eLen; k++)
                {
                    u->s[start + k] = readS[k];
                }
            }
            else
            {
                for (k = 0; k < eLen; k++)
                {
                    uint8_t c = (uint8_t)readS[readLen - 1 - k];
                    u->s[start + k] = c >= 128? 'N' : comp_tab[c];
                }
            }
		}
	}

    destory_UC_Read(&g_read);
    destory_UC_Read(&tmp);


    uint32_t n_vtx = g->g->n_seq * 2, v, nv;
    uint32_t vLen = 0;
    asg_arc_t* av = NULL;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if (g->g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        av = asg_arc_a(g->g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(g->g, v);
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            vLen = g->g->seq[(av[i].ul>>33)].len - av[i].ol;
            av[i].ul = (av[i].ul>>32)<<32;
            av[i].ul = av[i].ul | vLen;
        }
    }

    if(E && E->a.n > 0)
    {
        asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
        for (k = 0; k < E->a.n; k++)
        {
            p = asg_arc_pushp(read_g);
            *p = E->a.a[k];
        }

        free(read_g->idx);
        read_g->idx = 0;
        read_g->is_srt = 0;
        asg_cleanup(read_g);
    }
	return 0;
}


uint32_t get_ug_coverage(ma_utg_t* u, asg_t* read_g, const ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint8_t* r_flag)
{
    uint32_t k, j, rId, tn, is_Unitig;
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0;
    ma_hit_t *h;
    if(u->m == 0) return 0;

    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 1;
    }

    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        R_bases += (coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s);
        for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[rId].length); j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[rId].buffer[j]);
            if(h->el != 1) continue;
            tn = Get_tn((*h));
            if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
            {
                ///get the id of read that contains it 
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            }
            if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            if(r_flag[tn] != 1) continue;
            C_bases += (Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h)));
        }
    }


    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 0;
    }

    return C_bases/R_bases;
}

uint32_t get_ug_coverage_aggressive(ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t uID, asg_t* read_g, 
const ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint8_t* r_flag,
uint64_t *n_utg)
{
    ma_utg_t* u = &(ug->u.a[uID]);
    uint32_t k, j, rId, tn, is_Unitig;
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0;
    ma_hit_t *h;
    if(u->m == 0) return 0;

    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 1;
    }

    (*n_utg) = u->n;
    uint32_t nv, i;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, (uID<<1)+i);
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, (uID<<1)+i);
        for (j = 0; j < nv; j++)
        {
            u = &(ug->u.a[av[j].v>>1]);
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rId = u->a[k]>>33;
                r_flag[rId] = 2;
            }
        }
    }
    

    u = &(ug->u.a[uID]);
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        R_bases += (coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s);
        for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[rId].length); j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[rId].buffer[j]);
            if(h->el != 1) continue;
            tn = Get_tn((*h));
            if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
            {
                ///get the id of read that contains it 
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            }
            if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            if(r_flag[tn] == 0) continue;
            if(r_flag[tn] == 2)
            {
                (*n_utg)++;
                r_flag[tn] = 3;
            } 
            C_bases += (Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h)));
            ///if(uID == 35701) fprintf(stderr, "flag: %u, coverage: %d\n", r_flag[tn], (int)(Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h))));
        }
    }





    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 0;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, (uID<<1)+i);
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, (uID<<1)+i);
        for (j = 0; j < nv; j++)
        {
            u = &(ug->u.a[av[j].v>>1]);
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rId = u->a[k]>>33;
                r_flag[rId] = 0;
            }
        }
    }

    ///if(uID == 35701) fprintf(stderr, "C_bases: %lld, R_bases: %lld, (*n_utg): %lu\n", C_bases, R_bases, (*n_utg));
    return C_bases/R_bases;
}



void ma_ug_print2(const ma_ug_t *ug, All_reads *RNF, asg_t* read_g, const ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, int print_seq, const char* prefix, FILE *fp)
{
    uint8_t* primary_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(read_g->n_seq, sizeof(uint8_t));
	uint32_t i, j, l;
	char name[32];
	for (i = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i) { // the Segment lines in GFA
		ma_utg_t *p = &ug->u.a[i];
        if(p->m == 0) continue;
        sprintf(name, "%s%.6d%c", prefix, i + 1, "lc"[p->circ]);
		if (print_seq) fprintf(fp, "S\t%s\t%s\tLN:i:%d\trd:i:%u\n", name, p->s? p->s : "*", p->len, 
        get_ug_coverage(p, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, primary_flag));
		else fprintf(fp, "S\t%s\t*\tLN:i:%d\trd:i:%u\n", name, p->len, 
        get_ug_coverage(p, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, primary_flag));
        // if (print_seq) fprintf(fp, "S\t%s\t%s\tLN:i:%d\n", name, p->s? p->s : "*", p->len);
		// else fprintf(fp, "S\t%s\t*\tLN:i:%d\n", name, p->len);
        
		for (j = l = 0; j < p->n; l += (uint32_t)p->a[j++]) {
			uint32_t x = p->a[j]>>33;
			if(x<RNF->total_reads)
            {
                fprintf(fp, "A\t%s\t%d\t%c\t%.*s\t%d\t%d\tid:i:%d\tHG:A:%c\n", name, l, "+-"[p->a[j]>>32&1],
                (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), x), Get_NAME((*RNF), x), 
                coverage_cut[x].s, coverage_cut[x].e, x, 
                "apmaaa"[((RNF->trio_flag[x]!=FATHER && RNF->trio_flag[x]!=MOTHER)?AMBIGU:RNF->trio_flag[x])]);
            }
            else
            {
                fprintf(fp, "A\t%s\t%d\t%c\t%s\t%d\t%d\tid:i:%d\tHG:A:%c\n", name, l, "+-"[p->a[j]>>32&1],
					"FAKE", coverage_cut[x].s, coverage_cut[x].e, x, '*');
            }
            
            
        }
	}
	// for (i = 0; i < ug->g->n_arc; ++i) { // the Link lines in GFA
	// 	uint32_t u = ug->g->arc[i].ul>>32, v = ug->g->arc[i].v;
	// 	fprintf(fp, "L\t%s%.6d%c\t%c\t%s%.6d%c\t%c\t%dM\tL1:i:%d\n", 
    //     prefix, (u>>1)+1, "lc"[ug->u.a[u>>1].circ], "+-"[u&1],
	// 	prefix,	(v>>1)+1, "lc"[ug->u.a[v>>1].circ], "+-"[v&1], ug->g->arc[i].ol, asg_arc_len(ug->g->arc[i]));
	// }
    asg_arc_t* au = NULL;
    uint32_t nu, u, v;
    for (i = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i) {
        if(ug->u.a[i].m == 0) continue;
        if(ug->u.a[i].circ)
        {
            fprintf(fp, "L\t%s%.6dc\t+\t%s%.6dc\t+\t%dM\tL1:i:%d\n", 
            prefix, i+1, prefix, i+1, 0, ug->u.a[i].len);
            fprintf(fp, "L\t%s%.6dc\t-\t%s%.6dc\t-\t%dM\tL1:i:%d\n", 
            prefix, i+1, prefix, i+1, 0, ug->u.a[i].len);
        } 
        u = i<<1;
        au = asg_arc_a(ug->g, u);
        nu = asg_arc_n(ug->g, u);
        for (j = 0; j < nu; j++)
        {
            if(au[j].del) continue;
            v = au[j].v;
            fprintf(fp, "L\t%s%.6d%c\t%c\t%s%.6d%c\t%c\t%dM\tL1:i:%d\n", 
            prefix, (u>>1)+1, "lc"[ug->u.a[u>>1].circ], "+-"[u&1],
            prefix,	(v>>1)+1, "lc"[ug->u.a[v>>1].circ], "+-"[v&1], au[j].ol, asg_arc_len(au[j]));
        }


        u = (i<<1) + 1;
        au = asg_arc_a(ug->g, u);
        nu = asg_arc_n(ug->g, u);
        for (j = 0; j < nu; j++)
        {
            if(au[j].del) continue;
            v = au[j].v;
            fprintf(fp, "L\t%s%.6d%c\t%c\t%s%.6d%c\t%c\t%dM\tL1:i:%d\n", 
            prefix, (u>>1)+1, "lc"[ug->u.a[u>>1].circ], "+-"[u&1],
            prefix,	(v>>1)+1, "lc"[ug->u.a[v>>1].circ], "+-"[v&1], au[j].ol, asg_arc_len(au[j]));
        }
    }
    free(primary_flag);    
}

void ma_ug_print(const ma_ug_t *ug, All_reads *RNF, asg_t* read_g, const ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, const char* prefix, FILE *fp)
{
	ma_ug_print2(ug, RNF, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, 1, prefix, fp);
}

int asg_cut_internal(asg_t *g, int max_ext)
{
	asg64_v a = {0,0,0};
	uint32_t n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, v, i, cnt = 0;
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) {
		if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
		if (asg_is_utg_end(g, v, 0) != ASG_ET_MULTI_NEI) continue;
		if (asg_extend(g, v, max_ext, &a) != ASG_ET_MULTI_NEI) continue;
		/**
		 * so combining the last two lines, they are designed to reomve(n(1), n(2))?
							   ----->              <-------
							  |                		      |
							 n(0)--->n(1)---->n(2)---->n(3)
							  |                           |
							   ------>             <-------       
		**/
		for (i = 0; i < a.n; ++i)
			asg_seq_del(g, (uint32_t)a.a[i]>>1);
		++cnt;
	}
	free(a.a);
	if (cnt > 0) asg_cleanup(g);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] cut %d internal sequences\n", __func__, cnt);
	return cnt;
}





void clean_weak_ma_hit_t(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long num_sources)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    long long i, j, index;
    uint32_t qn, tn;

    for (i = 0; i < num_sources; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            qn = Get_qn(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            tn = Get_tn(sources[i].buffer[j]);

            if(sources[i].buffer[j].del) continue;

            //if this is a weak overlap
            if(sources[i].buffer[j].ml == 0)
            {   
                if(
                !check_weak_ma_hit(&(sources[qn]), reverse_sources, tn, 
                Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]), Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]))
                /**
                ||
                !check_weak_ma_hit_reverse(&(reverse_sources[qn]), sources, tn)**/)
                {
                    sources[i].buffer[j].bl = 0;
                    index = get_specific_overlap(&(sources[tn]), tn, qn);
                    sources[tn].buffer[index].bl = 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }



    for (i = 0; i < num_sources; i++)
    {
        
        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            if(sources[i].buffer[j].del) continue;

            if(sources[i].buffer[j].bl != 0)
            {
                sources[i].buffer[j].del = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                sources[i].buffer[j].del = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
}
    






void debug_info_of_specfic_read(const char* name, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, int id, const char* command)
{
    long long i, j, Len;
    uint32_t tn;

    if(id == -1)
    {
        i = 0;
        Len = R_INF.total_reads;
    }
    else
    {
        i = id;
        Len = id + 1;
    }
    

    for (; i < Len; i++)
    {
        if(memcmp(name, Get_NAME(R_INF, i), Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, i)) == 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\n\n\nafter %s\n", command);

            fprintf(stderr, "****************ma_hit_t (%lld)ref_read: %.*s, len: %lu****************\n", 
            i, (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, i), Get_NAME(R_INF, i), Get_READ_LENGTH(R_INF, i));


            fprintf(stderr, "sources Len: %d, is_fully_corrected: %d\n", 
            sources[i].length, sources[i].is_fully_corrected);

            for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
            {
                tn = Get_tn(sources[i].buffer[j]);
                fprintf(stderr, "target: %.*s, qs: %u, qe: %u, ts: %u, te: %u, ml: %u, rev: %u, el: %u, del: %u\n", 
                (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn),
                Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]),
                Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]),
                Get_ts(sources[i].buffer[j]),
                Get_te(sources[i].buffer[j]),
                sources[i].buffer[j].ml,
                sources[i].buffer[j].rev,
                sources[i].buffer[j].el,
                (uint32_t)sources[i].buffer[j].del);
            }


            
            fprintf(stderr, "######reverse_query_read Len: %d\n", reverse_sources[i].length);



            for (j = 0; j < reverse_sources[i].length; j++)
            {
                tn = Get_tn(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]);
                fprintf(stderr, "target: %.*s, qs: %u, qe: %u, ts: %u, te: %u, rev: %u, del: %u\n", 
                (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn),
                Get_qs(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]),
                Get_qe(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]),
                Get_ts(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]),
                Get_te(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]),
                reverse_sources[i].buffer[j].rev,
                (uint32_t)sources[i].buffer[j].del);
            }

            break;
            
        }
    }

    fflush(stderr);

    
}

void ma_sg_print(const asg_t *g, const All_reads *RNF, const ma_sub_t *sub, FILE *fp)
{
	uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < g->n_seq; ++i) 
    {
        if(!g->seq[i].del)
        {
             fprintf(fp, 
             "S\t%.*s\t*\tLN:i:%u\n",
             (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), i), 
             Get_NAME((*RNF), i),
             g->seq[i].len);
        }
    }

	for (i = 0; i < g->n_arc; ++i) {
		const asg_arc_t *p = &g->arc[i];
		if (sub) {
			const ma_sub_t *sq = &sub[p->ul>>33], *st = &sub[p->v>>1];

            fprintf(fp, 
            "L\t%.*s:%d-%d\t%c\t%.*s:%d-%d\t%c\t%d:\tL1:i:%u\n", 
            (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), p->ul>>33), 
            Get_NAME((*RNF), p->ul>>33),
            sq->s + 1, sq->e, "+-"[p->ul>>32&1],
            (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), p->v>>1), 
            Get_NAME((*RNF), p->v>>1),
            st->s + 1, st->e, "+-"[p->v&1], p->ol, (uint32_t)p->ul);
            

		} 
        else 
        {
           fprintf(fp, "L\t%.*s\t%c\t%.*s\t%c\t%d:\tL1:i:%u\n", 
            (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), p->ul>>33), 
            Get_NAME((*RNF), p->ul>>33),
            "+-"[p->ul>>32&1],
            (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), p->v>>1), 
            Get_NAME((*RNF), p->v>>1),
            "+-"[p->v&1], p->ol, (uint32_t)p->ul);
		}
	}
}


void ma_ug_print_simple(const ma_ug_t *ug, All_reads *RNF, asg_t* read_g, const ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, const char* prefix, FILE *fp)
{
	ma_ug_print2(ug, RNF, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, 0, prefix, fp);
}

void ma_ug_print_bed(const ma_ug_t *g, asg_t *read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut,
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t rate_thres,
const char* prefix, FILE *fp, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
	UC_Read g_read;
    init_UC_Read(&g_read);
    UC_Read tmp;
    init_UC_Read(&tmp);
    kvec_t_u32_warp exact_count, total_count;
    kv_init(exact_count.a);
    kv_init(total_count.a);
    uint32_t i, j, l, eLen, start;
    for (i = 0; i < g->u.n; ++i) {
		ma_utg_t *u = &g->u.a[i];
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        if(u->n < 2) continue;
        l = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < u->n; ++j) 
        {
            start = l;
            eLen = (uint32_t)u->a[j];
			l += eLen;

            print_rough_inconsistent_sites(u, j, j+1, read_g, RNF, sources, coverage_cut, 
            edge, &g_read, &tmp, max_hang, min_ovlp, start, rate_thres, &exact_count, 
            &total_count, prefix, i+1, fp, cov? &(cov->t_ch->bed.a[i]): NULL);
        }
    }

    destory_UC_Read(&g_read);
    destory_UC_Read(&tmp);
    kv_destroy(exact_count.a);
    kv_destroy(total_count.a);
}

uint32_t get_break_point_cov(ma_utg_t* collection, uint32_t cur_i, uint32_t next_i, 
asg_t* read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, uint8_t* r_flag)
{
    uint32_t v, w, i, tn, is_Unitig;
    int v_beg, v_end, v_sub_beg, v_sub_end;
    asg_arc_t t;

    v = (uint64_t)(collection->a[cur_i])>>32;
    ///last element
    if(cur_i == collection->n-1 && next_i == collection->n)
    {
        if(!collection->circ)
        {
            next_i = (uint32_t)-1;
        }
        else
        {
            next_i = 0;
        }
    }

    if(next_i != ((uint32_t)-1))
    {
        w = (uint64_t)(collection->a[next_i])>>32;

        get_specific_edge(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, edge, read_g, max_hang, min_ovlp, v, w, &t);
        v_beg = 0; v_end = asg_arc_len(t) - 1; 
        if(v&1)
        {
            v_beg = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - v_beg - 1;
            v_end = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - v_end - 1;
            w = v_beg; v_beg = v_end; v_end = w;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        v_beg = 0; v_end = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - 1;
    }

    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[v>>1]);
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    long long R_bases = v_end + 1 - v_beg, C_bases = 0;
    ///[v_beg, v_end] must be the end of read, which means v_beg = 0 or v_end = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - 1
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        tn = Get_tn((*h));
        if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
        {
            ///get the id of read that contains it 
            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
            if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
        }
        if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
        if(r_flag[tn] != 1) continue;


        if(inter_interval(v_beg, v_end, Get_qs((*h)), Get_qe((*h)) - 1, 
                                                &v_sub_beg, &v_sub_end) == 0)
        {
            continue;
        }

        C_bases += (v_sub_end + 1 - v_sub_beg);
    }
    if(R_bases <= 0 || C_bases <= 0) return 0;

    return C_bases/R_bases;
}



uint32_t push_cov_interval_direct(kvec_t_u64_warp* a, long long x_beg, long long x_end, long long utg_len, uint64_t is_circle)
{
    if(x_beg <= x_end && x_beg >= 0 && x_end >= 0 && x_beg < utg_len && x_end < utg_len)
    {
        uint64_t key;
        key = x_beg; key <<= 1; key |= (!is_circle); key <<= 1; key|=1;
        kv_push(uint64_t, a->a, key);
        key = x_end + 1; key <<= 1; key |= (!is_circle); key <<= 1; 
        kv_push(uint64_t, a->a, key);
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

uint32_t push_cov_interval_advance(kvec_t_u64_warp* a, long long x_beg, long long x_end, long long utg_len, uint32_t is_circle)
{
    if(x_beg > x_end) return 0;
    
    if(push_cov_interval_direct(a, x_beg, x_end, utg_len, 0)) return 1;
    

    if(x_beg < 0 && x_end < 0)
    {
        x_beg = utg_len + x_beg;
        x_end = utg_len + x_end;
        return push_cov_interval_direct(a, x_beg, x_end, utg_len, 0);
    }

    if(x_beg >= utg_len && x_end >= utg_len)
    {
        x_beg = x_beg - utg_len;
        x_end = x_end - utg_len;
        return push_cov_interval_direct(a, x_beg, x_end, utg_len, 0);
    }

    if(x_beg < 0 && x_end >= 0)
    {
        x_beg = utg_len + x_beg;
        if(push_cov_interval_direct(a, x_beg, utg_len - 1, utg_len, is_circle) || 
             push_cov_interval_direct(a, 0, x_end, utg_len, is_circle))
        {
            return 1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

void get_break_point_cov_advance(uint32_t v, long long c_beg, asg_t* read_g, All_reads *RNF, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint8_t* r_flag, kvec_t_u64_warp* depth, long long utg_len, 
uint32_t is_circle, uint32_t* uID)
{
    uint32_t i, tn, is_Unitig;
    long long v_beg, v_end, w_beg, w_end;
    
    v_beg = 0; v_end = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - 1;
    if(uID && (r_flag[v>>1]&1) && (!(r_flag[v>>1]&2)))
    {
        if(push_cov_interval_advance(depth, v_beg+c_beg, v_end+c_beg, utg_len, is_circle)) r_flag[v>>1] |= 2;
        return;    
    } 
    

    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[v>>1]);
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    long long qs, qe, ts, te;
    ///[v_beg, v_end] must be the end of read, which means v_beg = 0 or v_end = Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (v>>1)) - 1
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        tn = Get_tn((*h));
        if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
        {
            ///get the id of read that contains it 
            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
            if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
        }
        if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
        if(!(r_flag[tn]&1)) continue;
        tn = Get_tn((*h));///must!!!!
        
        if(r_flag[tn]&2) continue;

        qs = Get_qs((*h)); qe = Get_qe((*h)) - 1;
        ts = Get_ts((*h)); te = Get_te((*h)) - 1;
        if(h->rev)
        {
            ts = (long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), tn)) - ((long long)(Get_te((*h))) - 1) - 1;
            te = (long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), tn)) - (long long)(Get_ts((*h))) - 1;
        }
        ts = qs - ts;
        te = qe + ((long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), tn)) - te - 1);
        w_beg = ts; w_end = te;

        if(v&1)
        {
            ts = (long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), v>>1)) - ts - 1;
            te = (long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), v>>1)) - te - 1;
            w_beg = te; w_end = ts;
        }

        if(push_cov_interval_advance(depth, w_beg+c_beg, w_end+c_beg, utg_len, is_circle)) r_flag[tn] |= 2;
    }
}
typedef struct {
	uint32_t dp;
    uint64_t k_beg, k_end;
} in_sub_t;

typedef struct {
	size_t n, m;
	in_sub_t* a;
}kv_in_sub_t;


void debug_r_contig_pos(ma_utg_t *u, uint32_t tn, All_reads *RNF)
{
    uint32_t c_beg, c_end, l, k;
    for (k = l = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        c_beg = l;
        c_end = c_beg + Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (u->a[k]>>33));
        l += (uint32_t)u->a[k];
        if((u->a[k]>>33) == tn)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "#####c_beg: %u, c_end: %u\n", c_beg, c_end);
            break;
        }
    }
}

uint32_t get_overlap_contig_dir(uint32_t v, uint32_t tn, ma_hit_t *h, All_reads *RNF, long long ctg_beg,
uint32_t p_beg, uint32_t p_end)
{
    long long qs, qe, ts, te, c_beg, c_end;

    qs = Get_qs((*h)); qe = Get_qe((*h)) - 1;
    ts = Get_ts((*h)); te = Get_te((*h)) - 1;
    if(h->rev)
    {
        ts = (long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), tn)) - ((long long)(Get_te((*h))) - 1) - 1;
        te = (long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), tn)) - (long long)(Get_ts((*h))) - 1;
    }
    ts = qs - ts;
    te = qe + ((long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), tn)) - te - 1);
    c_beg = ts; c_end = te;

    if(v&1)
    {
        ts = (long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), v>>1)) - ts - 1;
        te = (long long)(Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), v>>1)) - te - 1;
        c_beg = te; c_end = ts;
    }

    c_end++;
    c_beg += ctg_beg; c_end += ctg_beg;

    if((p_beg != p_end && c_beg <= p_beg && c_end >= p_end) || 
                    (p_beg == p_end && c_beg < p_beg && c_end > p_end))
    {
        return 2;
    }

    if(c_beg < p_beg) return 0;
    if(c_end > p_end) return 1;

    return 2;

}
///[beg, end)
uint32_t get_break_point_idx(ma_utg_t *u, All_reads *RNF, uint8_t* r_flag, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
asg_t* read_g, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t p_beg, uint32_t p_end, double m_rate)
{
    uint32_t k, i, tn, is_Unitig, min_k = (uint32_t)-1, min_l = (uint32_t)-1, l, c_beg, c_end, index;
    uint32_t e_occ = 0, ne_occ = 0;
    double e_occ_dir[3], ne_occ_dir[3], rate[2];
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;

    e_occ = ne_occ = 0;
    for (k = l = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        c_beg = l;
        c_end = c_beg + Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (u->a[k]>>33));
        l += (uint32_t)u->a[k];

        if((p_beg != p_end && c_beg <= p_beg && c_end >= p_end) || 
                    (p_beg == p_end && c_beg < p_beg && c_end > p_end))
        {

            if(min_k == (uint32_t)-1) min_k = k, min_l = c_beg;

            x = &(sources[u->a[k]>>33]);
            for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
            {
                h = &(x->buffer[i]);
                tn = Get_tn((*h));
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
                {
                    ///get the id of read that contains it 
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                    if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                }
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                if(!(r_flag[tn]&1)) continue;
                if(h->el) e_occ++;
                else ne_occ++;
            }
        }
        else if(min_k != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if(min_k == (uint32_t)-1) return (uint32_t)-1;
    if(e_occ <= ((e_occ+ne_occ)*m_rate)) goto c_break;
    
    e_occ = ne_occ = 0;
    for (k = min_k, l = min_l; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        c_beg = l;
        c_end = c_beg + Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (u->a[k]>>33));
        l += (uint32_t)u->a[k];
        
        if((p_beg != p_end && c_beg <= p_beg && c_end >= p_end) || 
                    (p_beg == p_end && c_beg < p_beg && c_end > p_end))
        {
            e_occ_dir[0] = e_occ_dir[1] = e_occ_dir[2] = 0;
            ne_occ_dir[0] = ne_occ_dir[1] = ne_occ_dir[2] = 0;

            x = &(sources[u->a[k]>>33]);
            for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
            {
                h = &(x->buffer[i]);
                tn = Get_tn((*h));
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
                {
                    ///get the id of read that contains it 
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                    if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                }
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                if(!(r_flag[tn]&1)) continue;

                tn = Get_tn((*h));///must!!!!

                index = get_overlap_contig_dir(u->a[k]>>32, tn, h, RNF, c_beg, p_beg, p_end);

                ///debug_r_contig_pos(u, tn, RNF);
                if(h->el) e_occ_dir[index]++;
                else ne_occ_dir[index]++;
            }

            e_occ_dir[0] += e_occ_dir[2]; e_occ_dir[1] += e_occ_dir[2];
            ne_occ_dir[0] += ne_occ_dir[2]; ne_occ_dir[1] += ne_occ_dir[2];
            rate[0] = ne_occ_dir[0] / (ne_occ_dir[0] + e_occ_dir[0]);
            rate[1] = ne_occ_dir[1] / (ne_occ_dir[1] + e_occ_dir[1]);
            if(rate[0] >= rate[1])
            {
                e_occ += e_occ_dir[0];
                ne_occ += ne_occ_dir[0];
            }
            else
            {
                e_occ += e_occ_dir[1];
                ne_occ += ne_occ_dir[1];
            }
        }
        else if(min_k != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    
    if(e_occ <= ((e_occ+ne_occ)*m_rate)) goto c_break;
    return (uint32_t)-1;


    c_break:
    k = min_k; c_beg = min_l; c_end = c_beg + Get_READ_LENGTH((*RNF), (u->a[k]>>33));
    if((p_beg - c_beg) <= (c_end - p_end))
    {
        if(k == 0 && !u->circ) return (uint32_t)-1;
        return k;
    }
    else
    {
        if((k+1) < u->n) return k+1;
        if((k+1) == u->n && u->circ) return 0;
        return (uint32_t)-1;
    }

    return (uint32_t)-1;
}

void debug_break_point_advance(ma_utg_t *u, uint32_t uID, asg_t* read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, uint8_t* r_flag)
{
    if(u->n < 2 || u->m == 0) return;
    uint32_t k, l, c_beg;
    memset(r_flag, 0, read_g->n_seq);
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++) r_flag[u->a[k]>>33] = 1;
    kvec_t_u64_warp d; kv_init(d.a);
    kvec_t_u64_warp b_d; kv_init(b_d.a);

    d.a.n = 0;
    for (k = l = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        c_beg = l;
        l += (uint32_t)u->a[k];
        get_break_point_cov_advance((uint64_t)(u->a[k])>>32, c_beg, read_g, RNF, sources, ruIndex, r_flag, &d, u->len, u->circ, &uID);
    }
    
    for (k = l = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        c_beg = l;
        l += (uint32_t)u->a[k];
        get_break_point_cov_advance((uint64_t)(u->a[k])>>32, c_beg, read_g, RNF, sources, ruIndex, r_flag, &d, u->len, u->circ, NULL);
    }

    kv_malloc(b_d.a, d.a.n); b_d.a.n = d.a.n;
    memcpy(b_d.a.a, d.a.a, d.a.n*sizeof(uint64_t));

    radix_sort_arch64(d.a.a, d.a.a + d.a.n);

    long long dp, o_dp;
    uint32_t idx, o_idx, dir, o_dir, i;
    uint64_t k_beg, k_end, k_dp, b_beg, b_end, occ;
    dp = 0; o_idx = 0; o_dir = 1;///means it is a beg 
    for (k = 0; k < d.a.n; k++)
    {
        o_dp = dp;
        ///if start = end, we should meet end first, otherwise it will have a bug
        if(d.a.a[k]&1) ++dp;
        else --dp;

        dir = d.a.a[k]&1; idx = d.a.a[k]>>2;
        if((idx - o_idx > 0) || (idx == o_idx && o_dir != dir))
        {
            k_beg = o_idx; k_end = idx; k_dp = o_dp;

            for (i = occ = 0; i < b_d.a.n; i += 2)
            {
                b_beg = b_d.a.a[i]>>2;
                b_end = b_d.a.a[i+1]>>2;
                if(b_beg <= k_beg && b_end >= k_end) occ++;
                if((k_beg == k_end) && (b_beg == k_beg || b_end == k_beg)) occ--;
            }
            if(occ != k_dp)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "k_beg: %lu, k_end: %lu, k_dp: %lu, occ: %lu\n", k_beg, k_end, k_dp, occ);
            } 
        } 
        o_idx = idx;
        o_dir = dir;
    }

    if(o_idx != u->len)
    {
        k_beg = o_idx; k_end = u->len; k_dp = 0;

        for (i = occ = 0; i < b_d.a.n; i += 2)
        {
            b_beg = b_d.a.a[i]>>2;
            b_end = b_d.a.a[i+1]>>2;
            if(b_beg <= k_beg && b_end >= k_end) occ++;
        }
        if(occ != k_dp)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "k_beg: %lu, k_end: %lu, k_dp: %lu, occ: %lu\n", k_beg, k_end, k_dp, occ);
        } 
    }

    kv_destroy(d.a); kv_destroy(b_d.a);
}

void detect_break_point_advance(ma_utg_t *u, uint32_t uID, asg_t* read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int max_hang, int min_ovlp,
uint8_t* r_flag, kvec_t_u64_warp* d, kv_in_sub_t* depth_i, kvec_t_u64_warp* res, int* b_low_cov,
int* b_high_cov, double m_rate)
{
    if(u->n < 2 || u->m == 0) return;
    uint32_t k, l, c_beg;
    memset(r_flag, 0, read_g->n_seq);
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++) r_flag[u->a[k]>>33] = 1;

    d->a.n = 0;
    for (k = l = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        c_beg = l;
        l += (uint32_t)u->a[k];
        get_break_point_cov_advance((uint64_t)(u->a[k])>>32, c_beg, read_g, RNF, sources, ruIndex, r_flag, d, u->len, u->circ, &uID);
    }
    
    for (k = l = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        c_beg = l;
        l += (uint32_t)u->a[k];
        get_break_point_cov_advance((uint64_t)(u->a[k])>>32, c_beg, read_g, RNF, sources, ruIndex, r_flag, d, u->len, u->circ, NULL);
    }

    radix_sort_arch64(d->a.a, d->a.a + d->a.n);

    long long dp, o_dp;
    uint32_t idx, o_idx, dir, o_dir;
    in_sub_t* p = NULL;



    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    ///debug_break_point_advance(u, uID, read_g, RNF, sources, ruIndex, edge, r_flag);
    /*******************************for debug************************************/









    depth_i->n = 0;
    ///[start, end)
    ///for circle
    dp = 0; o_idx = 0; o_dir = 1;///means it is a beg 
    for (k = 0; k < d->a.n; k++)
    {
        o_dp = dp;
        ///if start = end, we should meet end first, otherwise it will have a bug
        if(d->a.a[k]&1) ++dp;
        else --dp;

        dir = d->a.a[k]&1; idx = d->a.a[k]>>2;
        if((idx - o_idx > 0) || (idx == o_idx && o_dir != dir))
        {
            if(b_low_cov)
            {
                ///merge
                if(o_dp >= (*b_low_cov) && depth_i->n > 0 && (int)depth_i->a[depth_i->n-1].dp >= (*b_low_cov))
                {
                    p = &(depth_i->a[depth_i->n-1]);
                    p->k_end = idx;
                    p->dp = o_dp;
                }
                else //insert new
                {
                    kv_pushp(in_sub_t, *depth_i, &p);
                    p->k_beg = o_idx;
                    p->k_end = idx;
                    p->dp = o_dp;
                }
            }

            if(b_high_cov)
            {
                if(o_dp <= (*b_high_cov) && depth_i->n > 0 && (int)depth_i->a[depth_i->n-1].dp <= (*b_high_cov))
                {
                    p = &(depth_i->a[depth_i->n-1]);
                    p->k_end = idx;
                    p->dp = o_dp;
                }
                else //insert new
                {
                    kv_pushp(in_sub_t, *depth_i, &p);
                    p->k_beg = o_idx;
                    p->k_end = idx;
                    p->dp = o_dp;
                }
            }
            
        } 
        o_idx = idx;
        o_dir = dir;
    }

    if(o_idx != u->len)
    {
        kv_pushp(in_sub_t, *depth_i, &p);
        p->k_beg = o_idx;
        p->k_end = u->len;
        p->dp = 0;
    }

    // if(b_high_cov)
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n");
    //     fprintf(stderr, "uID: %u, u->n: %u, u->len: %u\n", uID, (uint32_t)u->n, (uint32_t)u->len);
    //     for (k = 0; k < depth_i->n; k++)
    //     {
    //         fprintf(stderr, "k: %u, k_beg: %lu, k_end: %lu, dp: %u\n", 
    //         k, depth_i->a[k].k_beg, depth_i->a[k].k_end, depth_i->a[k].dp);
    //     }
    // }
    

    uint32_t beg_idx, end_idx, cir_beg_idx, cir_end_idx, min, min_idx, cur_idx, i;
    beg_idx = end_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
    cir_beg_idx = cir_end_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint64_t tmp;

    for (k = 0; k < depth_i->n; k++)
    {
        if(k > 0) 
        {
            if((b_low_cov && (int)depth_i->a[k-1].dp >= (*b_low_cov) && (int)depth_i->a[k].dp < (*b_low_cov)) ||
                (b_high_cov && (int)depth_i->a[k-1].dp <= (*b_high_cov) && (int)depth_i->a[k].dp > (*b_high_cov)))
            {
                beg_idx = k;
            }
        }

        if(k < depth_i->n-1)
        {
            if((b_low_cov && (int)depth_i->a[k].dp < (*b_low_cov) && (int)depth_i->a[k+1].dp >= (*b_low_cov)) || 
                (b_high_cov && (int)depth_i->a[k].dp > (*b_high_cov) && (int)depth_i->a[k+1].dp <= (*b_high_cov)))
            {
                end_idx = k;
                if(beg_idx == (uint32_t)-1) cir_end_idx = k;


                if(beg_idx != (uint32_t)-1 && end_idx >= beg_idx)
                {
                    min = min_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
                    for (i = beg_idx; i <= end_idx; i++)
                    {
                        // if(b_high_cov)
                        // {
                        //     fprintf(stderr, "+k_end: %lu, k_end: %lu, dp: %u\n", depth_i->a[i].k_beg, depth_i->a[i].k_end, depth_i->a[i].dp);
                        // }
                        if(depth_i->a[i].dp < min)
                        {
                            cur_idx = get_break_point_idx(u, RNF, r_flag, sources, read_g, ruIndex,
                                                    depth_i->a[i].k_beg, depth_i->a[i].k_end, m_rate);
                            if(cur_idx == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
                            min = depth_i->a[i].dp; min_idx = cur_idx;
                        }
                    }
                    if(min_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
                    {
                        //fprintf(stderr, "+uID: %u, min_idx: %u, k_beg: %lu, k_end: %lu\n", uID, min_idx, depth_i->a[min_idx].k_beg, depth_i->a[min_idx].k_end);
                        if(min_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
                        {
                            tmp = uID; tmp <<=32; tmp += min_idx;
                            kv_push(uint64_t, res->a, tmp);
                        }
                    } 
                }
                beg_idx = end_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
            }
        }
    }

    if(beg_idx != (uint32_t)-1 && end_idx == (uint32_t)-1) cir_beg_idx = beg_idx;

     if(u->circ && (cir_beg_idx != (uint32_t)-1 || cir_end_idx != (uint32_t)-1))
     {
        beg_idx = cir_beg_idx;
        end_idx = cir_end_idx;

        min = min_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
        if(beg_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            for (i = beg_idx; i < depth_i->n; i++)
            {
                // if(b_high_cov)
                // {
                //     fprintf(stderr, "-0-k_end: %lu, k_end: %lu, dp: %u\n", depth_i->a[i].k_beg, depth_i->a[i].k_end, depth_i->a[i].dp);
                // }
                if(depth_i->a[i].dp < min)
                {
                    // min = depth_i->a[i].dp;
                    // min_idx = i;
                    cur_idx = get_break_point_idx(u, RNF, r_flag, sources, read_g, ruIndex,
                                            depth_i->a[i].k_beg, depth_i->a[i].k_end, m_rate);
                    if(cur_idx == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
                    min = depth_i->a[i].dp; min_idx = cur_idx;
                }
            }
        }

        if(end_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            for (i = 0; i <= end_idx; i++)
            {
                // if(b_high_cov)
                // {
                //     fprintf(stderr, "-1-k_end: %lu, k_end: %lu, dp: %u\n", depth_i->a[i].k_beg, depth_i->a[i].k_end, depth_i->a[i].dp);
                // }
                if(depth_i->a[i].dp < min)
                {
                    cur_idx = get_break_point_idx(u, RNF, r_flag, sources, read_g, ruIndex,
                                            depth_i->a[i].k_beg, depth_i->a[i].k_end, m_rate);
                    if(cur_idx == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
                    min = depth_i->a[i].dp; min_idx = cur_idx;
                }
            }
        }

        if(min_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            ///fprintf(stderr, "-uID: %u, min_idx: %u, k_beg: %lu, k_end: %lu\n", uID, min_idx, depth_i->a[min_idx].k_beg, depth_i->a[min_idx].k_end);
            if(min_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
            {
                tmp = uID; tmp <<=32; tmp += min_idx;
                kv_push(uint64_t, res->a, tmp);
            }
        } 
     }
}

void detect_break_point(ma_utg_t *u, uint32_t uID, asg_t* read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int max_hang, int min_ovlp,
uint8_t* r_flag, kvec_t_u32_warp* depth, kvec_t_u64_warp* res, uint32_t b_low_cov)
{
    depth->a.n = 0;
    ///res->a.n = 0;
    if(u->n < 2) return;
    uint32_t k, i, min, min_idx, rId, *p = NULL, beg_idx, end_idx, cir_beg_idx, cir_end_idx;
    uint64_t tmp;
    if(u->m == 0) return;
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 1;
    }


    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        kv_pushp(uint32_t, depth->a, &p);
        (*p) = get_break_point_cov(u, k, k+1, read_g, RNF, sources, ruIndex, coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, edge, r_flag);
    }


    beg_idx = end_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
    cir_beg_idx = cir_end_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        if(k > 0 && depth->a.a[k-1] >= b_low_cov && depth->a.a[k] < b_low_cov)
        {
            beg_idx = k;
        }

        if(k < u->n-1 && depth->a.a[k] < b_low_cov && depth->a.a[k+1] >= b_low_cov)
        {
            end_idx = k;
            if(beg_idx == (uint32_t)-1) cir_end_idx = k;
            if(beg_idx != (uint32_t)-1 && end_idx >= beg_idx)
            {
                min = min_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
                for (i = beg_idx; i <= end_idx; i++)
                {
                    if(depth->a.a[i] < min)
                    {
                        min = depth->a.a[i];
                        min_idx = i;
                    }
                }
                if(min_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
                {
                    tmp = uID; tmp <<=32; tmp += min_idx;
                    kv_push(uint64_t, res->a, tmp);
                } 
            }
            beg_idx = end_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
        }
    }

    if(beg_idx != (uint32_t)-1 && end_idx == (uint32_t)-1) cir_beg_idx = beg_idx;

    if(u->circ && (cir_beg_idx != (uint32_t)-1 || cir_end_idx != (uint32_t)-1))
    {
        beg_idx = cir_beg_idx;
        end_idx = cir_end_idx;

        min = min_idx = (uint32_t)-1;

        if(beg_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            for (i = beg_idx; i < u->n; i++)
            {
                if(depth->a.a[i] < min)
                {
                    min = depth->a.a[i];
                    min_idx = i;
                }
            }
        }

        if(end_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            for (i = 0; i <= end_idx; i++)
            {
                if(depth->a.a[i] < min)
                {
                    min = depth->a.a[i];
                    min_idx = i;
                }
            }
        }

        if(min_idx != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            tmp = uID; tmp <<=32; tmp += min_idx;
            kv_push(uint64_t, res->a, tmp);
        } 
    }


    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 0;
    }
}

void debug_break_point(ma_utg_t *u, uint32_t uID, asg_t* read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int max_hang, int min_ovlp,
uint8_t* r_flag, kvec_t_u32_warp* depth, kvec_t_u64_warp* res, uint32_t b_low_cov)
{
    depth->a.n = 0;
    ///res->a.n = 0;
    if(u->n < 2) return;
    uint32_t k, min, min_idx, rId, *p = NULL;
    if(u->m == 0) return;
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 1;
    }


    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        kv_pushp(uint32_t, depth->a, &p);
        (*p) = get_break_point_cov(u, k, k+1, read_g, RNF, sources, ruIndex, coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, edge, r_flag);
    }

    int k_i, is_end;
    min_idx = min = (uint32_t)-1;
    for (k = 0; k < res->a.n; k++)
    {
        if((res->a.a[k]>>32) != uID) continue;
        min_idx = (uint32_t)res->a.a[k];
        min = depth->a.a[min_idx];

        is_end = 0;
        k_i = (int)(min_idx) - 1;
        while (k_i >= 0)
        {
            if(depth->a.a[k_i] >= b_low_cov) break;
            if(depth->a.a[k_i] < min) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR1\n");
            k_i--;
            if(k_i < 0 && u->circ && is_end == 0)
            {
                k_i = u->n - 1;
                is_end = 1;
            }
        }

        is_end = 0;
        k_i = (int)(min_idx) + 1;
        while(k_i < (int)u->n)
        {
            if(depth->a.a[k_i] >= b_low_cov) break;
            if(depth->a.a[k_i] < min) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR2\n");
            k_i++;
            if(k_i >= (int)u->n && u->circ && is_end == 0)
            {
                k_i = 0;
                is_end = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 0;
    }
}

void debug_contig_end(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* read_g, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge)
{
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t n_vtx = nsg->n_seq<<1, v, w, nv, v_occ, rv, rw, i;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        if(ug->g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        u = &(ug->u.a[v>>1]);
        if(u->n == 0) continue;
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v);
        if(nv == 0) continue;

        if(v&1) rv = ug->u.a[v>>1].start^1;
        else rv = ug->u.a[v>>1].end^1;

        for (i = v_occ = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            v_occ++;
        }
        if(v_occ == 0) continue;

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            w = av[i].v;
            if(w&1) rw = ug->u.a[w>>1].end;
            else rw = ug->u.a[w>>1].start;

            fprintf(stderr, "utg: (v>>1: %u)[v&1: %u]->(w>>1: %u)[w&1: %u]\n", v>>1, v&1, w>>1, w&1);
            fprintf(stderr, "rtg: (r_v>>1: %u)[r_v&1: %u]->(r_w>>1: %u)[r_w&1: %u]\n\n", 
                                    rv>>1, rv&1, rw>>1, rw&1);
        }
    }
}

void renew_utg(ma_ug_t **ug, asg_t* read_g, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge);
void push_sub_unitig(ma_ug_t *n_ug, ma_utg_t *src_u, asg_t *read_g, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, 
uint32_t beg_idx, uint32_t occ)
{
    uint32_t i;
    uint64_t totalLen;
    ma_utg_t* p = NULL;
    kv_pushp(ma_utg_t, n_ug->u, &p);
    p->s = NULL;
    p->n = occ;
    p->circ = 0;
    if(beg_idx == 0 && occ == src_u->n) p->circ = src_u->circ;
    p->m = p->n;
    p->a = (uint64_t*)malloc(8 * p->m);
    for (i = 0; i < occ; i++) p->a[i] = src_u->a[beg_idx+i];
    fill_unitig(p->a, occ, read_g, edge, p->circ, &totalLen);
    p->len = totalLen;
    if(!p->circ)
    {
        p->start = p->a[0]>>32;
        p->end = (p->a[p->n-1]>>32)^1;
    }
    else
    {
        p->start = p->end = UINT32_MAX;
    }
}

void break_all_contigs(ma_ug_t **ug, asg_t *read_g, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, kvec_t_u64_warp* break_points)
{
    asg_cleanup((*ug)->g);
    uint32_t k, l, m, occ, uID, idx;
    uint64_t *a = NULL, w;
    ma_utg_t *u = NULL;
    radix_sort_arch64(break_points->a.a, break_points->a.a + break_points->a.n);
    uint32_t *utg_idx = NULL; MALLOC(utg_idx, (*ug)->u.n<<1);
    memset(utg_idx, -1, sizeof(uint32_t)*((*ug)->u.n<<1));
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    uint32_t p_u_idx, nv, v, s_i, p_i;
    ma_ug_t *n_ug = NULL;
    ma_utg_t *p = NULL, *z = NULL;
    n_ug = (ma_ug_t*)calloc(1, sizeof(ma_ug_t));
    n_ug->g = asg_init();

    for (k = m = 0; k < break_points->a.n; k++)
    {
        if(k == 0 || (m > 0 && break_points->a.a[m-1] != break_points->a.a[k]))
        {
            break_points->a.a[m] = break_points->a.a[k];
            m++;
        }
    }
    ///fprintf(stderr, "break_points->a.n: %u, m: %u\n", (uint32_t)break_points->a.n, m);
    break_points->a.n = m;

    for (k = 1, l = 0, p_i = 0; k <= break_points->a.n; ++k) 
    {
        if (k == break_points->a.n || (break_points->a.a[k]>>32) != (break_points->a.a[l]>>32)) 
        {
            occ = k - l;
            a = break_points->a.a + l;
            l = k;
            if(occ == 0) continue;
            uID = a[0]>>32;
            u = &((*ug)->u.a[uID]);
            if(u->n < 2) continue;

            for (s_i = p_i; s_i < uID; s_i++)
            {
                kv_pushp(ma_utg_t, n_ug->u, &p);
                z = &((*ug)->u.a[s_i]);
                (*p) = (*z);
                z->len = z->circ = /**z->start = z->end =**/ z->m = z->n = 0;
                z->a = NULL; z->s = NULL;

                utg_idx[s_i<<1] = ((uint32_t)(n_ug->u.n-1))<<1;
                utg_idx[(s_i<<1)+1] = (((uint32_t)(n_ug->u.n-1))<<1)+1;
            }
            p_i = uID + 1;


            utg_idx[(uID<<1)+1] = (((uint32_t)(n_ug->u.n))<<1)+1;
            for (m = p_u_idx = 0; m < occ; m++)
            {
                idx = (uint32_t)(a[m]);
                if(!u->circ && idx == 0)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 1\n");
                    continue;
                } 
                

                if(u->circ && idx == 0) 
                {
                    av = asg_arc_a((*ug)->g, (uID<<1)+1);
                    nv = asg_arc_n((*ug)->g, (uID<<1)+1);
                    for (v = 0; v < nv; v++)
                    {
                        if(av[v].del) continue;
                        av[v].del = 1;
                        asg_arc_del((*ug)->g, (av[v].v)^1, (av[v].ul>>32)^1, 1);
                    }
                    u->circ = 0;
                    u->start = u->a[0]>>32;
                    u->end = (u->a[u->n-1]>>32)^1;
                    continue; 
                }

                if(idx - p_u_idx <= 0)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "ERROR2: uID: %u, u->circ: %u, idx: %u, p_u_idx: %u\n", 
                                                                        uID, u->circ, idx, p_u_idx);
                    continue;
                } 
                
                
                push_sub_unitig(n_ug, u, read_g, edge, p_u_idx, idx - p_u_idx);
                p_u_idx = idx;
            }
            push_sub_unitig(n_ug, u, read_g, edge, p_u_idx, u->n - p_u_idx);
            utg_idx[(uID<<1)] = ((uint32_t)(n_ug->u.n-1))<<1;

        }
    }

    for (s_i = p_i; s_i < (*ug)->u.n; s_i++)
    {
        kv_pushp(ma_utg_t, n_ug->u, &p);
        z = &((*ug)->u.a[s_i]);
        (*p) = (*z);
        z->len = z->circ = /**z->start = z->end =**/ z->m = z->n = 0;
        z->a = NULL; z->s = NULL;

        utg_idx[s_i<<1] = ((uint32_t)(n_ug->u.n-1))<<1;
        utg_idx[(s_i<<1)+1] = (((uint32_t)(n_ug->u.n-1))<<1)+1;
    }

    // for (k = 0; k < (*ug)->u.n; k++)
    // {
    //     if(utg_idx[(k<<1)] == (uint32_t)-1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 3\n");
    //     if(utg_idx[(k<<1)+1] == (uint32_t)-1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 4\n");
    // }
    
    asg_arc_t *q = NULL;
    for (k = 0; k < (*ug)->g->n_arc; k++)
    {
        if((*ug)->g->arc[k].del) continue;
        q = asg_arc_pushp(n_ug->g);
        (*q) = (*ug)->g->arc[k];

        q->v = utg_idx[q->v^1]^1;

        w = q->ul>>32; w = utg_idx[w]; w <<= 32;
        q->ul <<= 32; q->ul >>= 32; q->ul |= w;
    }
    
    for (k = 0; k < n_ug->u.n; k++)
    {
        asg_seq_set(n_ug->g, k, n_ug->u.a[k].len, 0);
    }
    
    asg_cleanup(n_ug->g);
    
    // fprintf(stderr, "n_ug->u.n: %u, n_ug->g->n_seq: %u, (*ug)->u.n: %u\n", (uint32_t)n_ug->u.n, (uint32_t)n_ug->g->n_seq,
    // (uint32_t)(*ug)->u.n);

    // for (k = 0; k < ((*ug)->u.n<<1); k++)
    // {
    //     uint32_t ug_rid, n_ug_rid;
    //     if(k&1) ug_rid = ((*ug)->u.a[k>>1]).start;
    //     else ug_rid = ((*ug)->u.a[k>>1]).end;

    //     if(utg_idx[k]&1) n_ug_rid = n_ug->u.a[utg_idx[k]>>1].start;
    //     else n_ug_rid = n_ug->u.a[utg_idx[k]>>1].end;
        
    //     if(ug_rid != n_ug_rid)
    //     {
    //         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR, uid: %u, dir: %u, circle: %u, ug_rid: %u, n_ug_rid: %u\n", 
    //                     k>>1, k&1, (*ug)->u.a[k>>1].circ, ug_rid, n_ug_rid);
    //     }
    // }



    ma_ug_destroy((*ug));
    (*ug) = n_ug;
    renew_utg(ug, read_g, edge); ///for circle
    // fprintf(stderr, "***********(1)edge->a.n: %u***********\n", (uint32_t)edge->a.n);
    // debug_utg_graph(*ug, read_g, edge, 0, 0);
    // fprintf(stderr, "***********(1)edge->a.n: %u***********\n", (uint32_t)edge->a.n);
    free(utg_idx);
}

void print_utg_stats(ma_ug_t *ug, const char* command)
{
    uint32_t i;
    uint64_t len, occ_n, occ_m, occ_n_0;
    for (i = len = occ_n = occ_m = occ_n_0 = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i) {
		ma_utg_t *u = &ug->u.a[i];
        len += u->len;
        occ_n += u->n;
        occ_m += u->m;
        if(u->n == 0) occ_n_0++;
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "%s: len: %lu, occ_n: %lu, occ_m: %lu, occ_n_0: %lu\n", 
                                command, len, occ_n, occ_m, occ_n_0);
}

void break_ug_contig(ma_ug_t **ug, asg_t *read_g, All_reads *RNF, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut,
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, 
int* b_low_cov, int* b_high_cov, double m_rate)
{
    if(b_low_cov)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] break potential misassemblies with <%d-fold coverage\n", 
        __func__, *b_low_cov);
    }

    if(b_high_cov)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] break potential misassemblies with >%d-fold coverage\n", 
        __func__, *b_high_cov);
    }

    kvec_t_u64_warp depth;
    kv_init(depth.a);
    kvec_t_u64_warp break_points;
    kv_init(break_points.a);
    kv_in_sub_t depth_i;
    kv_init(depth_i);
    uint32_t i;
    uint8_t* primary_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(read_g->n_seq, sizeof(uint8_t));
    ma_utg_t *u = NULL;

    for (i = 0; i < (*ug)->u.n; ++i) 
    {
        u = &((*ug)->u.a[i]);
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        if(u->n < 2) continue;
        // detect_break_point(u, i, read_g, RNF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, edge, max_hang, min_ovlp, primary_flag, &depth, &break_points, b_low_cov);
        // debug_break_point(u, i, read_g, RNF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, edge, max_hang, min_ovlp, primary_flag, &depth, &break_points, b_low_cov);
        detect_break_point_advance(u, i, read_g, RNF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, edge, max_hang, min_ovlp,
        primary_flag, &depth, &depth_i, &break_points, b_low_cov, b_high_cov, m_rate);
        
    }

    break_all_contigs(ug, read_g, edge, &break_points);

    kv_destroy(depth.a);
    kv_destroy(break_points.a);
    kv_destroy(depth_i);
    free(primary_flag);
}

int asg_arc_cut_long_tip_primary_complex(asg_t *g, float drop_ratio, uint32_t stops_threshold)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, flag;
    long long ll, max_stopLen;

    buf_t b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i;
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        ///tip
        if (get_real_length(g, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
        if(get_real_length(g, v^1, NULL) != 1) continue;      
        flag = detect_single_path_with_dels(g, v^1, &convex, &ll, NULL);
        if(flag != TWO_INPUT && flag != MUL_INPUT) continue;
        convex = convex^1;ll--;
        uint32_t n_convex = asg_arc_n(g, convex), convexLen = ll;
        asg_arc_t *a_convex = asg_arc_a(g, convex);


        for (i = 0; i < n_convex; i++)
        {
            if (!a_convex[i].del)
            {
                ///if stops_threshold = 1, 
                ///detect_single_path_with_dels_n_stops() is detect_single_path_with_dels()
                detect_single_path_with_dels_n_stops(g, a_convex[i].v, &convex, &ll, &max_stopLen,
                NULL, stops_threshold);

                if(convex == v) continue;

                if(ll*drop_ratio > convexLen && max_stopLen*2>ll)
                {

                    b.b.n = 0; 
                    flag = detect_single_path_with_dels(g, v^1, &convex, &ll, &b);
                    if(b.b.n < 2) break;
                    b.b.n--;


                    n_reduced++;
                    uint64_t k;

                    for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                    {
                        g->seq[b.b.a[k]].c = ALTER_LABLE;
                    }

                    for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                    {
                        asg_seq_drop(g, b.b.a[k]);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    asg_cleanup(g);
    asg_symm(g);
    free(b.b.a);
    
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d long tips\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    return n_reduced;
}

int asg_arc_cut_long_equal_tips_assembly(asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long miniedgeLen, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, flag, is_hap;
    long long ll, base_maxLen, base_maxLen_i;

    buf_t b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v), n_tips;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        n_arc = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        if (n_arc < 2) continue;

        base_maxLen = -1;
        base_maxLen_i = -1;
        n_tips = 0;
        is_hap = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (!av[i].del)
            {
                flag = detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(g, av[i].v, &convex, &ll, NULL);
                
                if(base_maxLen < ll)
                {
                    base_maxLen = ll;
                    base_maxLen_i = i;
                }

                if(flag == END_TIPS)
                {
                    n_tips++;
                }
            }
        }

        ///at least one tip
        if(n_tips > 0)
        {
            for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
            {
                if(i == base_maxLen_i) continue;
                if (!av[i].del)
                {
                    b.b.n = 0;
                    if(detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(g, av[i].v, &convex, &ll, &b) 
                    != END_TIPS)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                    //we can only cut tips
                    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                    if(check_if_diploid(av[base_maxLen_i].v, av[i].v, g, 
                    reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex)==1)
                    {/****************************may have bugs********************************/
                        n_reduced++;
                        uint64_t k;

                        for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                        {
                            g->seq[b.b.a[k]].c = ALTER_LABLE;
                        }
                        for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                        {
                            asg_seq_drop(g, b.b.a[k]);
                        }
                        is_hap++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }


        if(is_hap > 0)
        {
            i = base_maxLen_i;
            b.b.n = 0;
            detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(g, av[i].v, &convex, &ll, &b);

            uint64_t k;
            for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
            {
                g->seq[b.b.a[k]].c = HAP_LABLE;
            }
        }


    }


    asg_cleanup(g);
    asg_symm(g);
    free(b.b.a);
    
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d long tips\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
    

    return n_reduced;
}


int asg_arc_simple_large_bubbles(asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, 
R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, flag, is_hap;
    long long ll, base_maxLen, base_maxLen_i, all_covex;

    buf_t b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        n_arc = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        if (n_arc < 2) continue;

        base_maxLen = -1;
        base_maxLen_i = -1;
        all_covex = -1;
        is_hap = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (!av[i].del)
            {
                flag = detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(g, av[i].v, &convex, &ll, NULL);
                if(flag != TWO_INPUT && flag != MUL_INPUT)
                {
                    break;
                }

                if(all_covex != -1 && (uint32_t)all_covex != convex)
                {
                    break;
                }

                if(all_covex == -1)
                {
                    all_covex = convex;
                }
                
                if(base_maxLen < ll)
                {
                    base_maxLen = ll;
                    base_maxLen_i = i;
                }

            }
        }


        if(i == nv)
        {
            for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
            {
                if(i == base_maxLen_i) continue;
                if (!av[i].del)
                {
                    b.b.n = 0;
                    detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(g, av[i].v, &convex, &ll, &b);
                    if(b.b.n < 2) continue;
                    b.b.n--;

                    //we can only cut tips
                    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                    if(check_if_diploid(av[base_maxLen_i].v, av[i].v, g, 
                    reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex)==1)
                    {/****************************may have bugs********************************/
                        n_reduced++;
                        uint64_t k;

                        for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                        {
                            g->seq[b.b.a[k]].c = ALTER_LABLE;
                        }
                        for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                        {
                            asg_seq_drop(g, b.b.a[k]);
                        }

                        is_hap++;
                    }
                }
            }

            if(is_hap > 0)
            {
                i = base_maxLen_i;
                b.b.n = 0;
                detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(g, av[i].v, &convex, &ll, &b);
                uint64_t k;
                for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                {
                    g->seq[b.b.a[k]].c = HAP_LABLE;
                }
            }
        }

    }


    asg_cleanup(g);
    asg_symm(g);
    free(b.b.a);
    
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d long tips\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
    

    return n_reduced;
}

uint32_t get_num_trio_flag(ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t v, uint32_t flag)
{
    if(flag == (uint32_t)-1) return 0;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t k, rId, flag_occ = 0;
    if (nsg->seq[v].del) return 0;
    u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
    if(u->m == 0) return 0;
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] == flag) flag_occ++;
    }

    return flag_occ;
}



inline uint64_t get_utg_len(buf_t* b, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, uint64_t ignore_end, uint64_t* len_thre, uint64_t* occ)
{
    if(len_thre && occ)(*occ) = (uint64_t)-1;
    uint32_t ori, uid, v, nv, l, k, idx;
    uint32_t *a = b->b.a, a_n = b->b.n;
    uint32_t u_i, r_i, len, p_v;
    asg_arc_t *av  = NULL;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    for (u_i = r_i = len = idx = 0, p_v = (uint32_t)-1; u_i < a_n; u_i++)
    {
        uid = a[u_i] >> 1;
        ori = a[u_i] & 1;
        u = &(ug->u.a[uid]);
        if(u->n == 0) continue;
        if(ori == 1)
        {
            for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++, idx++)
            {
                v = ((uint64_t)((u->a[u->n - r_i - 1])^(uint64_t)(0x100000000)))>>32;
                if(p_v == (uint32_t)-1)
                {
                    p_v = v;
                    continue;
                }

                av = asg_arc_a(read_sg, p_v);
                nv = asg_arc_n(read_sg, p_v);
                l = 0;
                for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
                {
                    if(av[k].del) continue;
                    if(av[k].v == v) 
                    {
                        l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(k == nv) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
                len += l;
                if(len_thre && occ && len >= (*len_thre))
                {
                    (*occ) = idx;
                    return len;
                }
                p_v = v;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++, idx++)
            {
                v = ((uint64_t)(u->a[r_i]))>>32;
                ///w = ((uint64_t)(u->a[x->r_i + 1]))>>32;
                if(p_v == (uint32_t)-1)
                {
                    p_v = v;
                    continue;
                }


                av = asg_arc_a(read_sg, p_v);
                nv = asg_arc_n(read_sg, p_v);
                l = 0;
                for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
                {
                    if(av[k].del) continue;
                    if(av[k].v == v) 
                    {
                        l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(k == nv) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
                len += l;
                if(len_thre && occ && len >= (*len_thre))
                {
                    (*occ) = idx;
                    return len;
                }
                p_v = v;
            }
        }
    }

    if(ignore_end == 0 && p_v != (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        len += read_sg->seq[p_v>>1].len;
        if(len_thre && occ && len >= (*len_thre))
        {
            (*occ) = idx;
            return len;
        }
    }

    if(len_thre && occ)
    {
        (*occ) = idx;
    }

    return len;
}

uint32_t set_utg_offset(uint32_t *a, uint32_t a_n, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, hap_cov_t *cov, uint32_t is_clear,
uint32_t only_len)
{
    uint32_t ori, uid, v, nv, l, k;
    ///uint32_t *a = b->b.a, a_n = b->b.n;
    uint32_t u_i, r_i, len, p_v;
    asg_arc_t *av  = NULL;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    for (u_i = r_i = len = 0, p_v = (uint32_t)-1; u_i < a_n; u_i++)
    {
        uid = a[u_i] >> 1;
        ori = a[u_i] & 1;
        u = &(ug->u.a[uid]);
        if(u->n == 0) continue;

        for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++)
        {
            l = 0;
            v = (ori == 1?((uint64_t)((u->a[u->n - r_i - 1])^(uint64_t)(0x100000000)))>>32:((uint64_t)(u->a[r_i]))>>32);

            if(p_v != (uint32_t)-1 && is_clear == 0)
            {
                av = asg_arc_a(read_sg, p_v);
                nv = asg_arc_n(read_sg, p_v);
                
                for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
                {
                    if(av[k].del) continue;
                    if(av[k].v == v) 
                    {
                        l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(k == nv) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
            }

            p_v = v; len += l;
            if(only_len) continue;

            if(is_clear == 1)
            {
                cov->pos_idx[v>>1] = (uint64_t)-1;
            }
            else
            {
                cov->pos_idx[v>>1] = len;
                cov->pos_idx[v>>1] <<= 32;
                cov->pos_idx[v>>1] |= (uint64_t)v;
            }
        }
    }

    if(p_v != (uint32_t)-1) len += read_sg->seq[p_v>>1].len;

    return len;
}



void print_buf_t(ma_ug_t *ug, buf_t* x, const char* command)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", command);
    uint32_t i, ori;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < x->b.n; i++)
    {
        u = &(ug->u.a[x->b.a[i]>>1]);
        if(u->n == 0) continue;
        ori = x->b.a[i] & 1;
        fprintf(stderr, "utg%.6ul\tori:%u\tocc:%u\tlen:%u\n", (x->b.a[i]>>1)+1, ori, (uint32_t)u->n, u->len);
    }
}

#define origin_trans_key(a) ((a).weight)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(origin_trans_sort, asg_arc_t_offset, origin_trans_key, member_size(asg_arc_t_offset, weight))

#define origin_trans_el_key(a) ((a).x.el)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(origin_trans_el_sort, asg_arc_t_offset, origin_trans_el_key, 1)


inline uint32_t get_offset_adjust(uint32_t offset, uint32_t offsetLen, uint32_t targetLen)
{
    return ((double)(offset)/(double)(offsetLen))*targetLen;
}

void refine_u_trans_t(u_trans_hit_t *q, kv_ca_buf_t* cb)
{
    ///already know [qScur, qEcur), [qSpre, qEpre)
    uint32_t s, e, i, si, ei;
    s = q->qScur; e = q->qEcur;///[s, e)
    for (i = 0, si = ei = cb->n; i < cb->n; i++)
    {
        if(cb->a[i].c_x_p > s && si == cb->n)
        {
            si = i;
        } 

        if(cb->a[i].c_x_p > (e-1) && ei == cb->n)
        {
            ei = i;
        }

        if(si != cb->n && ei != cb->n) break;        
    }

    if(si == 0 || ei == 0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    if(si >= cb->n || ei >= cb->n) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    si--; ei--;

    if(s < cb->a[si].c_x_p || ((si + 1) < cb->n && s >= cb->a[si + 1].c_x_p))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR3\n");
    }
    if(e < cb->a[ei].c_x_p || ((ei + 1) < cb->n && e > cb->a[ei + 1].c_x_p))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR4\n");
    }
    ///si and ei must be less than (cb->n-1)    
    // q->tScur = cb->a[si].c_y_p + ((cb->a[si+1].c_y_p - cb->a[si].c_y_p)
    //             *(double)((double)(s - cb->a[si].c_x_p)/(double)(cb->a[si+1].c_x_p - cb->a[si].c_x_p)));
    q->tScur = cb->a[si].c_y_p + 
        get_offset_adjust(s-cb->a[si].c_x_p, cb->a[si+1].c_x_p-cb->a[si].c_x_p, cb->a[si+1].c_y_p-cb->a[si].c_y_p);
 
    
    // q->tEcur = cb->a[ei].c_y_p + ((cb->a[ei+1].c_y_p - cb->a[ei].c_y_p)
    //             *(double)((double)(e - cb->a[ei].c_x_p)/(double)(cb->a[ei+1].c_x_p - cb->a[ei].c_x_p)));
    q->tEcur = cb->a[ei].c_y_p + 
        get_offset_adjust(e-cb->a[ei].c_x_p, cb->a[ei+1].c_x_p-cb->a[ei].c_x_p, cb->a[ei+1].c_y_p-cb->a[ei].c_y_p);
    


    ///might be equal
    if(q->tScur > q->tEcur) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR5\n");
    // if(q->tScur >= q->tEcur)
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "\n###q->tScur: %u, s: %u, si: %u, q->tEcur: %u, e: %u, ei: %u\n", 
    //     q->tScur, s, si, q->tEcur, e, ei);

    //     fprintf(stderr, "###cb->a[si].c_x_p: %u, cb->a[si].c_y_p: %u, cb->a[si+1].c_x_p: %u, cb->a[si+1].c_y_p: %u\n", 
    //     cb->a[si].c_x_p, cb->a[si].c_y_p, cb->a[si+1].c_x_p, cb->a[si+1].c_y_p);

    //     fprintf(stderr, "###cb->a[ei].c_x_p: %u, cb->a[ei].c_y_p: %u, cb->a[ei+1].c_x_p: %u, cb->a[ei+1].c_y_p: %u\n", 
    //     cb->a[ei].c_x_p, cb->a[ei].c_y_p, cb->a[ei+1].c_x_p, cb->a[ei+1].c_y_p);

    //     fprintf(stderr, "ERROR5\n");
    // }
}



///[ts, te)
void extract_sub_overlaps(uint32_t i_tScur, uint32_t i_tEcur, uint32_t i_tSpre, uint32_t i_tEpre,
uint32_t tn, kv_u_trans_hit_t* ktb, uint32_t bn)
{
    uint32_t i, ovlp, found, beg, end, offS, offE;
    u_trans_hit_t *q = NULL, x;
    for (i = found = 0; i < bn; i++)
    {
        q = &(ktb->a[i]);///for q, already know [qScur, qEcur), [qSpre, qEpre), [tScur, tEcur)

        ovlp = ((MIN(i_tEcur, q->tEcur) > MAX(i_tScur, q->tScur))?
                                        MIN(i_tEcur, q->tEcur) - MAX(i_tScur, q->tScur):0);
        if(found == 1 && ovlp == 0) break;
        if(ovlp > 0) found = 1;
        if(ovlp == 0) continue;

        
        beg = MAX(i_tScur, q->tScur); end = MIN(i_tEcur, q->tEcur);
        offS = beg - q->tScur; offE = q->tEcur - end;
        x.tScur = q->tScur + offS; 
        x.tEcur = q->tEcur - offE;
        //x.qScur = q->qScur + offS; 
        x.qScur = q->qScur + get_offset_adjust(offS, q->tEcur-q->tScur, q->qEcur-q->qScur);        
        ///x.qEcur = q->qEcur - offE;
        x.qScur = q->qEcur - get_offset_adjust(offE, q->tEcur-q->tScur, q->qEcur-q->qScur);  

        x.qn = q->qn;
        offS = beg - q->tScur; offE = q->tEcur - end;
        if((x.qn&1) == 0)
        {
            // x.qSpre = q->qSpre + offS; 
            x.qSpre = q->qSpre + get_offset_adjust(offS, q->tEcur-q->tScur, q->qEpre-q->qSpre);  
            // x.qEpre = q->qEpre - offE;
            x.qEpre = q->qEpre - get_offset_adjust(offE, q->tEcur-q->tScur, q->qEpre-q->qSpre);
        }
        else
        {
            // x.qSpre = q->qSpre + offE; 
            x.qSpre = q->qSpre + get_offset_adjust(offE, q->tEcur-q->tScur, q->qEpre-q->qSpre);
            // x.qEpre = q->qEpre - offS;
            x.qEpre = q->qEpre - get_offset_adjust(offS, q->tEcur-q->tScur, q->qEpre-q->qSpre);
        }

        x.tn = tn; 
        offS = beg - i_tScur; offE = i_tEcur - end;
        if((x.tn&1) == 0)
        {
            // x.tSpre = i_tSpre + offS; 
            x.tSpre = i_tSpre +  get_offset_adjust(offS, i_tEcur-i_tScur, i_tEpre-i_tSpre); 
            // x.tEpre = i_tEpre - offE;
            x.tEpre = i_tEpre - get_offset_adjust(offE, i_tEcur-i_tScur, i_tEpre-i_tSpre); 
        }
        else
        {
            // x.tSpre = i_tSpre + offE; 
            x.tSpre = i_tSpre + get_offset_adjust(offE, i_tEcur-i_tScur, i_tEpre-i_tSpre); 
            // x.tEpre = i_tEpre - offS;
            x.tEpre = i_tEpre - get_offset_adjust(offS, i_tEcur-i_tScur, i_tEpre-i_tSpre);
        }
        
        kv_push(u_trans_hit_t, *ktb, x);

        // if(x.tSpre >= x.tEpre || x.qSpre >= x.qEpre)
        // {
        //     fprintf(stderr, "\n*********x.qn: %u, x.tn: %u\n", x.qn, x.tn);
        //     fprintf(stderr, "x.qSpre: %u, x.qEpre: %u, x.tSpre: %u, x.tEpre: %u\n", 
        //     x.qSpre, x.qEpre, x.tSpre, x.tEpre);
        //     fprintf(stderr, "q->qScur: %u, q->qEcur: %u, q->qSpre: %u, q->qEpre: %u\n", 
        //     q->qScur, q->qEcur, q->qSpre, q->qEpre);
        //     fprintf(stderr, "q->tScur: %u, q->tEcur: %u, q->tSpre: %u, q->tEpre: %u\n", 
        //     q->tScur, q->tEcur, q->tSpre, q->tEpre);
        //     fprintf(stderr, "i_tScur: %u, i_tEcur: %u, i_tSpre: %u, i_tEpre: %u\n", 
        //     i_tScur, i_tEcur, i_tSpre, i_tEpre);
        // }
    }
}

typedef struct {///[cBeg, cEnd)
	uint32_t u_i, r_i, len, s_pos_cur, s_pre_v, s_pre_w, p_v, p_idx, p_uId, cBeg, cEnd;
    ///buf_t* x;
    uint32_t *a, an;
    ma_ug_t *ug;
    asg_t *read_sg;
    trans_chain* t_ch;
} u_trans_hit_idx;

void reset_u_trans_hit_idx(u_trans_hit_idx *t, uint32_t* i_x_a, uint32_t i_x_n, ma_ug_t *i_ug, 
asg_t *i_read_sg, trans_chain* i_t_ch, uint32_t i_cBeg, uint32_t i_cEnd)
{
    t->a = i_x_a;
    t->an = i_x_n;
    t->ug = i_ug;
    t->read_sg = i_read_sg;
    t->t_ch = i_t_ch;
    t->cBeg = i_cBeg;
    t->cEnd = i_cEnd;
    t->u_i = t->r_i = t->len = t->s_pos_cur = t->s_pre_v = t->s_pre_w = 0;
    t->p_v = t->p_uId = t->p_idx = (uint32_t)-1; 
}

uint32_t get_u_trans_hit(u_trans_hit_idx *t, u_trans_hit_t *hit)
{
    uint32_t uid, ori, l, v, nv, is_update, r_beg, r_end, ovlp;
    uint32_t *a = t->a, a_n = t->an, k, c_uId, idx, offPre;
    ma_utg_t *u = NULL;
    asg_arc_t *av  = NULL;
    hit->qSpre = hit->qEpre = hit->qScur = hit->qEcur = hit->qn = (uint32_t)-1;
    hit->tSpre = hit->tEpre = hit->tScur = hit->tEcur = hit->tn = (uint32_t)-1;

    while (t->u_i < a_n) ///(u_i = 0; u_i < a_n; u_i++)
    {
        uid = a[t->u_i] >> 1;
        ori = a[t->u_i] & 1;
        u = &(t->ug->u.a[uid]);
        if(u->n == 0) continue;
        
        while(t->r_i < u->n) ///for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++)
        {
            l = 0;
            v = (ori == 1?((uint64_t)((u->a[u->n-t->r_i-1])^(uint64_t)(0x100000000)))>>32:((uint64_t)(u->a[t->r_i]))>>32);

            if(t->p_v != (uint32_t)-1)
            {
                av = asg_arc_a(t->read_sg, t->p_v);
                nv = asg_arc_n(t->read_sg, t->p_v);
                
                for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
                {
                    if(av[k].del) continue;
                    if(av[k].v == v) 
                    {
                        l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(k == nv) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
            }

            ///[t->cBeg, t->cEnd)
            r_beg = t->len; r_end = t->len + 
                        (t->p_v != (uint32_t)-1? t->read_sg->seq[t->p_v>>1].len : 0);
            ovlp = ((MIN(t->cEnd, r_end) > MAX(t->cBeg, r_beg))? (MIN(t->cEnd, r_end) - MAX(t->cBeg, r_beg)) : 0);
            c_uId = get_origin_uid(v, t->t_ch, &offPre, &idx);


            if(ovlp == 0)
            {
                if(r_beg >= t->cEnd)
                {
                    if(t->p_uId != (uint32_t)-1)
                    {
                        hit->qn = t->p_uId;
                        hit->qScur = t->s_pos_cur; hit->qEcur = t->len + t->read_sg->seq[t->p_v>>1].len;


                        ovlp = ((MIN(t->cEnd, hit->qEcur) > MAX(t->cBeg, hit->qScur))? 
                                                (MIN(t->cEnd, hit->qEcur) - MAX(t->cBeg, hit->qScur)) : 0);
                        if(ovlp == 0) return 0;

                        
                        ///[t->s_pre_v, t->p_v]
                        uint32_t a_pos, b_pos;
                        get_origin_uid(t->s_pre_v, t->t_ch, &a_pos, NULL);
                        get_origin_uid(t->p_v, t->t_ch, &b_pos, NULL);
                        hit->qSpre = MIN(a_pos, b_pos);
                        hit->qEpre = MAX((a_pos + t->read_sg->seq[t->s_pre_v>>1].len), (b_pos+t->read_sg->seq[t->p_v>>1].len));
                        
                        ///[t->cBeg, t->cEnd)
                        if(hit->qScur < t->cBeg)
                        {
                            if((hit->qn&1) == 0)
                            {
                                ///hit->qSpre += (t->cBeg - hit->qScur);
                                hit->qSpre += get_offset_adjust(t->cBeg - hit->qScur, 
                                                    hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                ///hit->qEpre -= (t->cBeg - hit->qScur);
                                hit->qEpre -= get_offset_adjust(t->cBeg - hit->qScur, 
                                                    hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
                            }
                            hit->qScur = t->cBeg;
                        }

                        if(hit->qEcur > t->cEnd)
                        {
                            if((hit->qn&1) == 0)
                            {
                                ///hit->qEpre -= (hit->qEcur - t->cEnd);
                                hit->qEpre -= get_offset_adjust(hit->qEcur - t->cEnd,
                                                    hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                // hit->qSpre += (hit->qEcur - t->cEnd);
                                hit->qSpre += get_offset_adjust(hit->qEcur - t->cEnd,
                                                    hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
                            }
                            hit->qEcur = t->cEnd;
                        }
                        t->p_uId = (uint32_t)-1;
                        return 1;
                    }
                    return 0;
                }
                else
                {
                    t->p_uId = c_uId; t->s_pos_cur = t->len + l; t->s_pre_v = v;
                    t->p_v = v; t->len += l; t->p_idx = idx;
                    t->r_i++;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            

            is_update = 0;
            if(t->p_uId != c_uId)
            {
                is_update = 1;
                
            }
            else///p_uId == c_uId
            {
                if((t->p_uId&1) == 0) ///forward
                {
                    if(idx != (t->p_idx+1))
                    {
                        is_update = 1;
                    }
                }
                else //backward
                {
                    if((idx + 1) != t->p_idx)
                    {
                        is_update = 1;
                    }
                }
            } 
            
            if(is_update)
            {
                if(t->p_uId != (uint32_t)-1)
                {                    
                    hit->qn = t->p_uId;
                    hit->qScur = t->s_pos_cur; hit->qEcur = t->len + t->read_sg->seq[t->p_v>>1].len;
                    ///[t->s_pre_v, t->p_v]
                    uint32_t a_pos, b_pos;
                    get_origin_uid(t->s_pre_v, t->t_ch, &a_pos, NULL);
                    get_origin_uid(t->p_v, t->t_ch, &b_pos, NULL);
                    hit->qSpre = MIN(a_pos, b_pos);
                    hit->qEpre = MAX((a_pos + t->read_sg->seq[t->s_pre_v>>1].len), (b_pos+t->read_sg->seq[t->p_v>>1].len));
                    
                    ///[t->cBeg, t->cEnd)
                    if(hit->qScur < t->cBeg)
                    {
                        if((hit->qn&1) == 0)
                        {
                            ///hit->qSpre += (t->cBeg - hit->qScur);
                            hit->qSpre += get_offset_adjust(t->cBeg - hit->qScur, 
                                                hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            ///hit->qEpre -= (t->cBeg - hit->qScur);
                            hit->qEpre -= get_offset_adjust(t->cBeg - hit->qScur, 
                                                hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
                        }
                        hit->qScur = t->cBeg;
                    }

                    if(hit->qEcur > t->cEnd)
                    {
                        if((hit->qn&1) == 0)
                        {
                            ///hit->qEpre -= (hit->qEcur - t->cEnd);
                            hit->qEpre -= get_offset_adjust(hit->qEcur - t->cEnd,
                                                hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // hit->qSpre += (hit->qEcur - t->cEnd);
                            hit->qSpre += get_offset_adjust(hit->qEcur - t->cEnd,
                                                hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
                        }
                        hit->qEcur = t->cEnd;
                    }


                    t->p_uId = c_uId; t->s_pos_cur = t->len + l; t->s_pre_v = v;
                    t->p_v = v; t->len += l; t->p_idx = idx;
                    t->r_i++;
                    return 1;
                }
                t->p_uId = c_uId; t->s_pos_cur = t->len + l; t->s_pre_v = v;
            }

            t->p_v = v; t->len += l; t->p_idx = idx;
            t->r_i++;
        }
        t->r_i = 0;
        t->u_i++;
    }
    
    if(t->p_uId != (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        hit->qn = t->p_uId;
        hit->qScur = t->s_pos_cur; hit->qEcur = t->len + t->read_sg->seq[t->p_v>>1].len;


        ovlp = ((MIN(t->cEnd, hit->qEcur) > MAX(t->cBeg, hit->qScur))? 
                                (MIN(t->cEnd, hit->qEcur) - MAX(t->cBeg, hit->qScur)) : 0);
        if(ovlp == 0) return 0;

        
        ///[t->s_pre_v, t->p_v]
        uint32_t a_pos, b_pos;
        get_origin_uid(t->s_pre_v, t->t_ch, &a_pos, NULL);
        get_origin_uid(t->p_v, t->t_ch, &b_pos, NULL);
        hit->qSpre = MIN(a_pos, b_pos);
        hit->qEpre = MAX((a_pos + t->read_sg->seq[t->s_pre_v>>1].len), (b_pos+t->read_sg->seq[t->p_v>>1].len));
        
        ///[t->cBeg, t->cEnd)
        if(hit->qScur < t->cBeg)
        {
            if((hit->qn&1) == 0)
            {
                ///hit->qSpre += (t->cBeg - hit->qScur);
                hit->qSpre += get_offset_adjust(t->cBeg - hit->qScur, 
                                    hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
            }
            else
            {
                ///hit->qEpre -= (t->cBeg - hit->qScur);
                hit->qEpre -= get_offset_adjust(t->cBeg - hit->qScur, 
                                    hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
            }
            hit->qScur = t->cBeg;
        }

        if(hit->qEcur > t->cEnd)
        {
            if((hit->qn&1) == 0)
            {
                ///hit->qEpre -= (hit->qEcur - t->cEnd);
                hit->qEpre -= get_offset_adjust(hit->qEcur - t->cEnd,
                                    hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
            }
            else
            {
                // hit->qSpre += (hit->qEcur - t->cEnd);
                hit->qSpre += get_offset_adjust(hit->qEcur - t->cEnd,
                                    hit->qEcur-hit->qScur, hit->qEpre-hit->qSpre);
            }
            hit->qEcur = t->cEnd;
        }

        t->p_uId = (uint32_t)-1;
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}


void chain_origin_trans_uid_by_distance(hap_cov_t *cov, asg_t *read_sg, 
uint32_t *pri_a, uint32_t pri_n, uint32_t pri_beg, uint64_t *i_pri_len, 
uint32_t *aux_a, uint32_t aux_n, uint32_t aux_beg, uint64_t *i_aux_len,
ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t flag, double score, const char* cmd)
{
    uint32_t i, len, bn;
    uint64_t pri_len, aux_len;
    kvec_asg_arc_t_offset* u_buffer = &(cov->u_buffer);
    kvec_t_i32_warp* tailIndex = &(cov->tailIndex);
    trans_chain* t_ch = cov->t_ch;
    asg_arc_t_offset *tt = NULL;
    ca_buf_t *tx = NULL;

    if(i_pri_len) pri_len = (*i_pri_len);
    else pri_len = set_utg_offset(pri_a, pri_n, ug, read_sg, cov, 0, 1);

    if(i_aux_len) aux_len = (*i_aux_len);
    else aux_len = set_utg_offset(aux_a, aux_n, ug, read_sg, cov, 0, 1);
    
    tt = NULL; t_ch->c_buf.n = 0; t_ch->k_t_b.n = 0;
    if(tailIndex->a.n > 0) tt = &(u_buffer->a.a[tailIndex->a.a[0]]);
    if(!tt || (pri_beg < (tt->Off>>32) && aux_beg < ((uint32_t)tt->Off)))
    {
        kv_pushp(ca_buf_t, t_ch->c_buf, &tx);
        tx->c_x_p = pri_beg; 
        tx->c_y_p = aux_beg;

        for (i = 0; i < tailIndex->a.n; i++)
        {
            tt = &(u_buffer->a.a[tailIndex->a.a[i]]);
            kv_pushp(ca_buf_t, t_ch->c_buf, &tx);

            tx->c_x_p = tt->Off>>32;
            tx->c_y_p = (uint32_t)tt->Off;
        }
    }
    else if(tailIndex->a.n == 1)//1 ele in chain
    {
        kv_pushp(ca_buf_t, t_ch->c_buf, &tx);
        tx->c_x_p = pri_beg; tx->c_y_p = aux_beg;
    }
    else if(tailIndex->a.n > 0)
    {
        uint32_t cx, cy, ax, ay, found = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < tailIndex->a.n; i++)
        {
            cx = cy = ax = ay = (uint32_t)-1;

            cx = u_buffer->a.a[tailIndex->a.a[i]].Off>>32;
            cy = (uint32_t)u_buffer->a.a[tailIndex->a.a[i]].Off;
            if((i + 1) < tailIndex->a.n)
            {
                ax = u_buffer->a.a[tailIndex->a.a[i+1]].Off>>32;
                ay = (uint32_t)u_buffer->a.a[tailIndex->a.a[i+1]].Off;
            }

            kv_pushp(ca_buf_t, t_ch->c_buf, &tx);
            tx->c_x_p = cx; tx->c_y_p = cy;

            if(found) continue;
            if(pri_beg > cx && pri_beg < ax && aux_beg > cy && aux_beg < ay)
            {
                kv_pushp(ca_buf_t, t_ch->c_buf, &tx);
                tx->c_x_p = pri_beg; tx->c_y_p = aux_beg;
                found = 1;
            } 
        }
    }

    
    // fprintf(stderr, "\ncmd-%s\n", cmd);
    // fprintf(stderr, "pri_beg=%u, pri_len=%lu\n", pri_beg, pri_len);
    // fprintf(stderr, "aux_beg=%u, aux_len=%lu\n", aux_beg, aux_len);

    // print_buf_t(ug, pri, "pri");
    // print_buf_t(ug, aux, "aux");


    tx = &(t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n-1]);
    len = MIN(pri_len - tx->c_x_p, aux_len - tx->c_y_p);
    if(len > 0)///insert boundary
    {
        kv_pushp(ca_buf_t, t_ch->c_buf, &tx);
        tx->c_x_p = t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n-2].c_x_p + len;
        tx->c_y_p = t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n-2].c_y_p + len;     
    }

    tx = &(t_ch->c_buf.a[0]);///insert boundary
    if(tx->c_x_p != 0 && tx->c_y_p != 0)///already at boundary
    {
        len = MIN(tx->c_x_p, tx->c_y_p);///offset
        kv_pushp(ca_buf_t, t_ch->c_buf, &tx);
        for (i = 0; (i + 1)< t_ch->c_buf.n; i++)
        {
            t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n - i - 1] = t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n - i - 2];
        }
        t_ch->c_buf.a[0].c_x_p = t_ch->c_buf.a[1].c_x_p - len;
        t_ch->c_buf.a[0].c_y_p = t_ch->c_buf.a[1].c_y_p - len;
    }

    ///chain is [s, e)
    if(t_ch->c_buf.a[0].c_x_p != 0 && t_ch->c_buf.a[0].c_y_p != 0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR1\n");
    if(t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n-1].c_x_p!= pri_len && 
                                            t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n-1].c_y_p!= aux_len)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR2\n");
    }

    u_trans_hit_idx iter;
    u_trans_hit_t hit, *kh = NULL;
    ////////prx
    reset_u_trans_hit_idx(&iter, pri_a, pri_n, ug, read_sg, t_ch, 
                    t_ch->c_buf.a[0].c_x_p, t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n-1].c_x_p);    
    while(get_u_trans_hit(&iter, &hit))//get [qScur, qEcur), [qSpre, qEpre)
    {
        refine_u_trans_t(&hit, &(t_ch->c_buf)); ///get [tScur, tEcur)
        kv_push(u_trans_hit_t, t_ch->k_t_b, hit);
    }
    bn = t_ch->k_t_b.n;
    
    ////////aux
    reset_u_trans_hit_idx(&iter, aux_a, aux_n, ug, read_sg, t_ch, 
                    t_ch->c_buf.a[0].c_y_p, t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n-1].c_y_p);    
    while(get_u_trans_hit(&iter, &hit))
    {
        extract_sub_overlaps(hit.qScur, hit.qEcur, hit.qSpre, hit.qEpre, hit.qn, &(t_ch->k_t_b), bn);
    }

    
    if(t_ch->k_t_b.n - bn == 0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR6\n");
    
    

    u_trans_t *kt = NULL;
    double x_score, y_score;
    for (i = bn; i < t_ch->k_t_b.n; i++)
    {
        kh = &(t_ch->k_t_b.a[i]);
        if(kh->qEpre <= kh->qSpre) continue;
        if(kh->tEpre <= kh->tSpre) continue;
        kv_pushp(u_trans_t, t_ch->k_trans, &kt);
        kt->f = flag; kt->rev = ((kh->qn ^ kh->tn) & 1); kt->del = 0; 
        kt->qn = kh->qn>>1; kt->qs = kh->qSpre; kt->qe = kh->qEpre;
        kt->tn = kh->tn>>1; kt->ts = kh->tSpre; kt->te = kh->tEpre;
        if(score < 0)
        {
            kt->nw = (MIN((kt->qe - kt->qs), (kt->te - kt->ts)))*CHAIN_MATCH;
        } 
        else
        {
            x_score = ((double)(kt->qe-kt->qs)/(double)(t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n-1].c_x_p-t_ch->c_buf.a[0].c_x_p))*score;
            y_score = ((double)(kt->te-kt->ts)/(double)(t_ch->c_buf.a[t_ch->c_buf.n-1].c_y_p-t_ch->c_buf.a[0].c_y_p))*score;
            kt->nw = MIN(x_score, y_score);
        }
    }

    
}


void collect_trans_cov(const char* cmd, buf_t* pri, uint64_t pri_offset, buf_t* aux, uint64_t aux_offset,
ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    uint32_t i, k, rid, occ, ori, thre_pri;
    uint64_t len_aux, uLen, uCov;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    trans_chain* t_ch = cov->t_ch;
    if(pri->b.n == 0 || aux->b.n == 0) return;

    len_aux = set_utg_offset(aux->b.a, aux->b.n, ug, read_sg, cov, 0, 0);
    chain_trans_ovlp(cov, ug, read_sg, pri, len_aux, &thre_pri);
    if(thre_pri > 0)
    {
        /*******************************for debug************************************/
        // fprintf(stderr, "\n%s, thre_pri: %u, len_aux: %lu\n", cmd, thre_pri, len_aux);
        // print_buf_t(ug, pri, "pri");
        // print_buf_t(ug, aux, "aux");
        /*******************************for debug************************************/
        
        if(t_ch)
        {
            chain_origin_trans_uid_by_distance(cov, read_sg, pri->b.a, pri->b.n, pri_offset, NULL, 
            aux->b.a, aux->b.n, aux_offset, &len_aux, ug, RC_1, -1024, cmd);
        } 
        

        for (i = uCov = 0; i < aux->b.n; i++)
        {
            u = &(ug->u.a[aux->b.a[i]>>1]);
            if(u->n == 0) continue;
            ori = aux->b.a[i] & 1;
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rid = (ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33));
                uCov += cov->cov[rid];

                if(t_ch) t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
            }
        }

        for (i = uLen = occ = 0; i < pri->b.n; i++)
        {
            u = &(ug->u.a[pri->b.a[i]>>1]);
            if(u->n == 0) continue;
            ori = pri->b.a[i] & 1;
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++, occ++)
            {
                if(occ >= thre_pri) break;
                ///rid = u->a[k]>>33;
                rid = (ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33));
                uLen += read_sg->seq[rid].len;

                if(t_ch) t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
            }
            if(occ >= thre_pri) break;
        }

        uCov = (uLen == 0? 0 : uCov / uLen);

        for (i = occ = 0; i < pri->b.n; i++)
        {
            u = &(ug->u.a[pri->b.a[i]>>1]);
            if(u->n == 0) continue;
            ori = pri->b.a[i] & 1;
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++, occ++)
            {
                if(occ >= thre_pri) break;
                ///rid = u->a[k]>>33;
                rid = (ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33));
                cov->cov[rid] += (uCov * read_sg->seq[rid].len);
            }
            if(occ >= thre_pri) break;
        }
    }
    set_utg_offset(aux->b.a, aux->b.n, ug, read_sg, cov, 1, 0);
}

// void collect_trans_cov(const char* cmd, buf_t* pri, uint64_t pri_offset, buf_t* aux, uint64_t aux_offset,
// ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, hap_cov_t *cov)
// {
//     uint32_t i, k, rid, occ, ori, thre_pri;
//     uint32_t p_uId, c_uId, x_occ, y_occ;
//     uint64_t len_aux, uLen, uCov;
//     ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
//     trans_chain* t_ch = cov->t_ch;
//     if(pri->b.n == 0 || aux->b.n == 0) return;

//     len_aux = set_utg_offset(aux->b.a, aux->b.n, ug, read_sg, cov, 0, 0);
//     chain_trans_ovlp(cov, ug, read_sg, pri, len_aux, &thre_pri);
//     if(thre_pri > 0)
//     {
//         /*******************************for debug************************************/
//         // fprintf(stderr, "\n%s, thre_pri: %u, len_aux: %lu\n", cmd, thre_pri, len_aux);
//         // print_buf_t(ug, pri, "pri");
//         // print_buf_t(ug, aux, "aux");
//         /*******************************for debug************************************/
        
//         if(t_ch)
//         {
//             chain_origin_trans_uid_by_distance(cov, read_sg, pri->b.a, pri->b.n, pri_offset, NULL, 
//             aux->b.a, aux->b.n, aux_offset, &len_aux, ug, RC_1, -1024, cmd);
//         } 
        

//         for (i = uCov = 0, p_uId = (uint32_t)-1; i < aux->b.n; i++)
//         {
//             u = &(ug->u.a[aux->b.a[i]>>1]);
//             if(u->n == 0) continue;
//             ori = aux->b.a[i] & 1;
//             for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
//             {
//                 rid = (ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33));
//                 uCov += cov->cov[rid];

//                 // if(t_ch) t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
//                 if(t_ch)
//                 {
//                     t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
//                     c_uId = get_origin_uid((ori == 1?((u->a[u->n-k-1]^(uint64_t)(0x100000000))>>32):(u->a[k]>>32)), 
//                                                                                                                 t_ch, NULL, NULL);
//                     if(c_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || p_uId == c_uId) continue;
//                     p_uId = c_uId;
//                     kv_push(uint32_t, t_ch->st.uIDs, c_uId);
//                 }
//             }
//         }

//         if(t_ch) kv_push(uint32_t, t_ch->st.iDXs, t_ch->st.uIDs.n);///dedup_push_trans_chain(t_ch);

//         for (i = uLen = occ = 0; i < pri->b.n; i++)
//         {
//             u = &(ug->u.a[pri->b.a[i]>>1]);
//             if(u->n == 0) continue;
//             ori = pri->b.a[i] & 1;
//             for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++, occ++)
//             {
//                 if(occ >= thre_pri) break;
//                 rid = (ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33));
//                 uLen += read_sg->seq[rid].len;

//                 //if(t_ch) t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
//                 if(t_ch)
//                 {
//                     t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
//                     c_uId = get_origin_uid((ori == 1?((u->a[u->n-k-1]^(uint64_t)(0x100000000))>>32):(u->a[k]>>32)), 
//                                                                                                                 t_ch, NULL, NULL);
//                     if(c_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || p_uId == c_uId) continue;
//                     p_uId = c_uId;
//                     kv_push(uint32_t, t_ch->st.uIDs, c_uId);
//                 }
//             }
//             if(occ >= thre_pri) break;
//         }

//         if(t_ch) kv_push(uint32_t, t_ch->st.iDXs, t_ch->st.uIDs.n);///dedup_push_trans_chain(t_ch);

//         if(t_ch)
//         {
//             x_occ = y_occ = 0;
//             get_chain_trans(t_ch, t_ch->chain_num, NULL, &x_occ, NULL, &y_occ);
//             if(x_occ == 0 || y_occ == 0)
//             {
//                 t_ch->uIDs.n -= (x_occ + y_occ);
//                 t_ch->iDXs.n -= 2;
//             }
//             else
//             {
//                 t_ch->chain_num++;
//                 t_ch->l0_chain++;
//             }
//         }

//         uCov = (uLen == 0? 0 : uCov / uLen);

//         for (i = occ = 0; i < pri->b.n; i++)
//         {
//             u = &(ug->u.a[pri->b.a[i]>>1]);
//             if(u->n == 0) continue;
//             ori = pri->b.a[i] & 1;
//             for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++, occ++)
//             {
//                 if(occ >= thre_pri) break;
//                 ///rid = u->a[k]>>33;
//                 rid = (ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33));
//                 cov->cov[rid] += (uCov * read_sg->seq[rid].len);
//             }
//             if(occ >= thre_pri) break;
//         }
//     }
//     set_utg_offset(aux->b.a, aux->b.n, ug, read_sg, cov, 1, 0);
// }


int asg_arc_cut_long_equal_tips_assembly_complex(asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long miniedgeLen, uint32_t stops_threshold, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, flag;
    long long ll, max_stopLen;

    buf_t b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {

        uint32_t i;
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        ///tip
        if (get_real_length(g, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
        if(get_real_length(g, v^1, NULL) != 1) continue;
        flag = detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(g, v^1, &convex, &ll, NULL);
        if(flag != TWO_INPUT && flag != MUL_INPUT) continue;
        convex = convex^1;
        ///uint32_t n_convex = asg_arc_n(g, convex), convexLen = ll;
        uint32_t n_convex = asg_arc_n(g, convex), convexLen = (uint32_t)-1, convex_i = (uint32_t)-1;
        asg_arc_t *a_convex = asg_arc_a(g, convex);
        for (i = 0; i < n_convex; i++)
        {
            if (!a_convex[i].del)
            {
                detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(g, a_convex[i].v, &convex, &ll, NULL);
                if(convex == v)
                {
                    convexLen = ll;
                    convex_i = i;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        
        for (i = 0; i < n_convex; i++)
        {
            if (!a_convex[i].del)
            {
                if(i == convex_i) continue;
                
                detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen_complex(g, a_convex[i].v, &convex, &ll, 
                &max_stopLen, NULL, stops_threshold);
                ///threshold = 0.8
                if(ll > convexLen  && max_stopLen*1.25>ll)
                {
                    ///keep all nodes of this tip
                    b.b.n = 0; 
                    detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen(g, v^1, &convex, &ll, &b);
                    if(b.b.n < 2) break;
                    b.b.n--;
                    ///keep all nodes of this tip

                     //we can only cut tips
                    if(check_if_diploid_primary_complex(v^1, a_convex[i].v, g, 
                    reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, stops_threshold, 1, ruIndex)==1)
                    {
                        n_reduced++;
                        uint64_t k;

                        for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                        {
                            g->seq[b.b.a[k]].c = ALTER_LABLE;
                        }
                        for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                        {
                            asg_seq_drop(g, b.b.a[k]);
                        }


                        ///lable the primary one
                        b.b.n = 0; 
                        detect_single_path_with_dels_contigLen_complex(g, a_convex[i].v, &convex, 
                        &ll, &max_stopLen, &b, stops_threshold);
                        for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                        {
                            g->seq[b.b.a[k]].c = HAP_LABLE;
                        }

                        break;
                    }

                }
                
            }
        }    
    }


    asg_cleanup(g);
    asg_symm(g);
    free(b.b.a);
    
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d long tips\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
    

    return n_reduced;
}


void output_unitig_graph(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges.a);

    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen(sg);
    ma_ug_seq(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0);

    fprintf(stderr, "Writing raw unitig GFA to disk... \n");
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+25);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.r_utg.gfa", output_file_name);
    FILE* output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "utg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.r_utg.noseq.gfa", output_file_name);
    output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print_simple(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "utg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    if(asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate != 0)
    {
        sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.r_utg.lowQ.bed", output_file_name);
        output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
        ma_ug_print_bed(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, 
        max_hang, min_ovlp, asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate, "utg", output_file, NULL);
        fclose(output_file);
    }

    free(gfa_name);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a);
}

void set_ug_coverage_aggressive(ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t uID, asg_t* read_g, 
const ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint8_t* r_flag,
trans_chain* t_ch, long long het_cov_thres)
{
    ma_utg_t *u = &(ug->u.a[uID]);
    uint32_t k, j, rId, tn, is_Unitig;
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0;
    long long cov_in_s, cov_in_e, cov_out_s, cov_out_e, cov_in, cov_out, try_cov, cen_cov;
    uint32_t nv, i;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h;
    if(u->m == 0) return;

    ///set
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 1;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, (uID<<1)+i);
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, (uID<<1)+i);
        for (j = 0; j < nv; j++)
        {
            u = &(ug->u.a[av[j].v>>1]);
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rId = u->a[k]>>33;
                r_flag[rId] = 2;
            }
        }
    }


    u = &(ug->u.a[uID]);
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        cov_in = cov_out = 0;
        cov_in_s = cov_in_e = cov_out_s = cov_out_e = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[rId].length); j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[rId].buffer[j]);
            ///if(h->del) continue;
            if(h->el != 1) continue;
            tn = Get_tn((*h));
            if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
            {
                ///get the id of read that contains it 
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            }
            if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            if(r_flag[tn] == 0) continue;
            if(r_flag[tn] == 1)
            {
                cov_in += (Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h)));
                if(((Get_qs((*h)) <= coverage_cut[rId].s))) cov_in_s++;
                if(((Get_qe((*h)) >= coverage_cut[rId].e))) cov_in_e++;
            } 
            
            if(r_flag[tn] == 2)
            {
                cov_out += (Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h))); 
                if(((Get_qs((*h)) <= coverage_cut[rId].s))) cov_out_s++;
                if(((Get_qe((*h)) >= coverage_cut[rId].e))) cov_out_e++;
            }
        }

        if(cov_out_s >= cov_out_e) ///more out overlap from s
        {
            cen_cov = cov_in_e;
            try_cov = cov_in_s + cov_out_s;
        }
        else ///more out overlap from e
        {
            cen_cov = cov_in_s;
            try_cov = cov_in_e + cov_out_e;
        }

        if(cov_out <= (cov_in*0.1))
        {
            C_bases = cov_in + cov_out;
            R_bases = (coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s);
        }
        else if((try_cov <= cen_cov*1.1) && (MIN(cov_out_s, cov_out_e)<=((MAX(cov_out_s, cov_out_e))*0.2)))
        {
            C_bases = cov_in + cov_out;
            R_bases = (coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s);
        }
        else
        {
            C_bases = cen_cov;
            R_bases = 1;
        }

        if((R_bases <= 0) || ((C_bases/R_bases) <= het_cov_thres))
        {
            t_ch->is_r_het[rId] |= C_HET;
        }
    }


    ///reset
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 0;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, (uID<<1)+i);
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, (uID<<1)+i);
        for (j = 0; j < nv; j++)
        {
            u = &(ug->u.a[av[j].v>>1]);
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rId = u->a[k]>>33;
                r_flag[rId] = 0;
            }
        }
    }
}


void set_r_het_flag(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, trans_chain* t_ch)
{
    uint64_t m, dip_thre_max, dip_thres;
    uint8_t* primary_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(sg->n_seq, sizeof(uint8_t));

    if(asm_opt.hom_global_coverage_set)
    {
        dip_thre_max = asm_opt.hom_global_coverage;
    }
    else
    {
        dip_thre_max = ((double)asm_opt.hom_global_coverage)/((double)HOM_PEAK_RATE);
    }
    dip_thre_max *= 0.75;

    ///fprintf(stderr, "dip_thre_max: %lu\n", dip_thre_max);
            
    for (m = 0; m < ug->g->n_seq; m++)
    {
        dip_thres = dip_thre_max;
        ///if(ug->u.a[m].n <= dip_thre_max) dip_thres = dip_thre_max * 1.1;
        set_ug_coverage_aggressive(ug, m, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, primary_flag, t_ch, dip_thres);
    }
    free(primary_flag); 
}


trans_chain* init_trans_chain(ma_ug_t *ug, uint64_t r_num)
{
    trans_chain *x = NULL; CALLOC(x, 1);
    x->r_num = r_num;
    x->u_num = ug->g->n_seq;
    kv_init(x->k_trans); kv_init(x->k_trans.idx);
    kv_init(x->k_t_b);
    MALLOC(x->rUidx, r_num);
    memset(x->rUidx, -1, x->r_num*sizeof(uint32_t));
    MALLOC(x->rUpos, r_num);
    memset(x->rUpos, -1, x->r_num*sizeof(uint64_t));
    CALLOC(x->is_r_het, x->r_num);
    memset(&(x->b_buf_0), 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&(x->b_buf_1), 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    kv_init(x->topo_buf);
    kv_init(x->topo_res);
    ///MALLOC(x->uLen, x->u_num);
    kv_init(x->c_buf);

    ma_utg_t *u = NULL;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint64_t n_vtx = nsg->n_seq, v, k, rId, is_dup = 0, vid, offset;
    

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        for (k = offset = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            rId = u->a[k]>>33;

            vid = v<<1; vid |= ((u->a[k]>>32) & 1); 
            if(x->rUidx[rId] != (uint32_t)-1 && x->rUidx[rId] != vid) is_dup = 1;
            x->rUidx[rId] = vid;


            vid = offset; vid <<=32; vid |= k;
            if(x->rUpos[rId] != (uint64_t)-1 && x->rUpos[rId] != vid) is_dup = 1;
            x->rUpos[rId] = vid;

            offset += (uint32_t)u->a[k];
        }
        ///x->uLen[v] = u->len;
    }

    if(is_dup)
    {
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
            u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
            if(u->m == 0) continue;
            for (k = offset = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rId = u->a[k]>>33; is_dup = 0;

                vid = v<<1; vid |= ((u->a[k]>>32) & 1); 
                if(x->rUidx[rId] != vid) is_dup = 1;
                vid = offset; vid <<=32; vid |= k;
                if(x->rUpos[rId] != vid) is_dup = 1;

                if(is_dup)
                {
                    x->rUidx[rId] = (uint32_t)-1;
                    x->rUpos[rId] = (uint64_t)-1;
                }
                offset += (uint32_t)u->a[k];
            }
        }
    }


    kv_malloc(x->bed, x->u_num); x->bed.n = x->u_num;
    for (k = 0; k < x->bed.n; k++) kv_init(x->bed.a[k]);
    x->st.chain_num = 0;
    kv_init(x->st.uIDs);
    kv_init(x->st.iDXs); 
    kv_push(uint32_t, x->st.iDXs, 0);
    return x;
}

void destory_trans_chain(trans_chain **x)
{
    if(x)
    {
        kv_destroy((*x)->k_trans); kv_destroy((*x)->k_trans.idx);
        kv_destroy((*x)->k_t_b);
        free((*x)->rUidx);
        free((*x)->rUpos);
        free((*x)->is_r_het);
        uint32_t k;
        for (k = 0; k < (*x)->bed.n; k++) kv_destroy((*x)->bed.a[k]);
        kv_destroy((*x)->bed);
        free((*x)->b_buf_0.b.a);
        free((*x)->b_buf_1.b.a);
        kv_destroy((*x)->topo_buf);
        kv_destroy((*x)->topo_res);
        kv_destroy((*x)->c_buf);
        kv_destroy((*x)->st.uIDs);
        kv_destroy((*x)->st.iDXs);
        ///free((*x)->uLen);
        free((*x));
    }
}

void init_hc_links(hc_links* link, uint64_t ug_num, trans_chain* t_ch)
{
    kv_malloc(link->a, ug_num); link->a.n = ug_num;
    kv_malloc(link->enzymes, ug_num); link->enzymes.n = ug_num;
    uint64_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < link->a.n; i++)
    {
        kv_init(link->a.a[i].e);
        kv_init(link->a.a[i].f);
    }

    if(t_ch)
    {
        kv_u_trans_t *ta = &(t_ch->k_trans);
        uint64_t d = RC_1;
        for (i = 0; i < ta->n; i++)
        {
            if(ta->a[i].f == RC_2) continue;
            push_hc_edge(&(link->a.a[ta->a[i].qn]), ta->a[i].tn, 1, 1, &d);
            push_hc_edge(&(link->a.a[ta->a[i].tn]), ta->a[i].qn, 1, 1, &d);
        }
    }
}

void destory_hc_links(hc_links* link)
{
    uint64_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < link->a.n; i++)
    {
        kv_destroy(link->a.a[i].e);
        kv_destroy(link->a.a[i].f);
    }
    kv_destroy(link->a);
    kv_destroy(link->enzymes);
}

void print_utg(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* new_rtg_edges)
{
    if(asm_opt.b_low_cov > 0)
    {
        break_ug_contig(&ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
        &asm_opt.b_low_cov, NULL, asm_opt.m_rate);
    }

    if(asm_opt.b_high_cov > 0)
    {
        break_ug_contig(&ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
        NULL, &asm_opt.b_high_cov, asm_opt.m_rate);
    }

    ma_ug_seq(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0);

    
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+35);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.p_ctg.gfa", output_file_name);
    fprintf(stderr, "Writing %s to disk... \n", gfa_name);
    FILE* output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "ptg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);

    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.p_ctg.noseq.gfa", output_file_name);
    output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print_simple(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "ptg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    if(asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate != 0)
    {
        sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.p_ctg.lowQ.bed", output_file_name);
        output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
        ma_ug_print_bed(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, new_rtg_edges, 
        max_hang, min_ovlp, asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate, "ptg", output_file, NULL);
        fclose(output_file);
    }
    free(gfa_name);

    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    // uint32_t i;
    // for (i = 0; i < sg->n_seq; i++)
    // {
    //     if(R_INF.trio_flag[i] == FATHER || R_INF.trio_flag[i] == MOTHER) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    // }
    /*******************************for debug************************************/
}

void hic_clean(asg_t* read_g)
{
    uint32_t n_vtx, v, u;
    uint64_t i, k, k_i, tLen, v_occ, u_occ, utg_occ;
    double bub_rate = 0.1;
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(read_g, PRIMARY_LABLE);
    n_vtx = ug->g->n_seq * 2;
    buf_t b; memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t)); b.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    ///for (i = 0, tLen = 1; i < ug->u.n; i++) tLen += ug->u.a[i].len;
    tLen = get_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(ug->g, &b);
    uint8_t* bs_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(n_vtx, 1);
    kvec_t(uint32_t) ax;
    kv_init(ax);
    for (v = 0; v < ug->g->n_seq; ++v) 
    {
        if(ug->g->seq[v].del) continue;
        ug->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        EvaluateLen(ug->u, v) = ug->u.a[v].n;
    }


    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(ug->g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(asg_arc_n(ug->g, v) < 2) continue;
        if(bs_flag[v] != 0) continue;
        if(asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, NULL, v, tLen, &b, (uint32_t)-1, (uint32_t)-1, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0))
        {
            //beg is v, end is b.S.a[0]
            //note b.b include end, does not include beg
            for (i = 0; i < b.b.n; i++)
            {
                if(b.b.a[i]==v || b.b.a[i]==b.S.a[0]) continue;
                bs_flag[b.b.a[i]] = bs_flag[b.b.a[i]^1] = 1;
            }
            bs_flag[v] = 2; bs_flag[b.S.a[0]^1] = 3;
        }
    }


    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(bs_flag[v] !=2) continue;
        if(asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, NULL, v, tLen, &b, (uint32_t)-1, (uint32_t)-1, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0))
        {
            //note b.b include end, does not include beg
            for (i = v_occ = ax.n = 0; i < b.b.n; i++)
            {
                if(b.b.a[i]==v || b.b.a[i]==b.S.a[0]) continue;
                v_occ += ug->u.a[b.b.a[i]>>1].n;
                kv_push(uint32_t, ax, b.b.a[i]>>1);
            }

            for (i = 0; i < ax.n; i++)
            {
                for (k = 0; k < 2; k++)
                {
                    u = (ax.a[i]<<1) + k;
                    if(asg_arc_n(ug->g, u) < 2) continue;
                    if(asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, NULL, u, tLen, &b, (uint32_t)-1, (uint32_t)-1, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0))
                    {
                        for (k_i = u_occ = utg_occ = 0; k_i < b.b.n; k_i++)
                        {
                            if(b.b.a[k_i]==u || b.b.a[k_i]==b.S.a[0]) continue;
                            u_occ += ug->u.a[b.b.a[k_i]>>1].n;
                            utg_occ++;
                        }

                        if(u_occ >= v_occ*bub_rate) continue;
                        if(u_occ > 3) continue;
                        if(utg_occ > 2) continue;
                        asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, NULL, u, tLen, &b, (uint32_t)-1, (uint32_t)-1, 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    ma_utg_t* m = NULL;
    for (v = 0; v < ug->g->n_seq; ++v) 
    {
        if(ug->g->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(ug->g->seq[v].c != ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        m = &(ug->u.a[v]);
        if(m->m == 0) continue;
        for (k = 0; k < m->n; k++)
        {
            asg_seq_del(read_g, m->a[k]>>33);
        }
    }

    asg_cleanup(read_g);
    free(b.a); free(b.S.a); free(b.T.a); free(b.b.a); free(b.e.a); free(bs_flag);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(ax);
}

void write_trans_chain(trans_chain* t_ch, const char *fn)
{
    char *buf = (char*)calloc(strlen(fn) + 25, 1);
    sprintf(buf, "%s.hic.trans.bin", fn);
    FILE* fp = fopen(buf, "w");

    fwrite(&t_ch->u_num, sizeof(t_ch->u_num), 1, fp);
    fwrite(&t_ch->r_num, sizeof(t_ch->r_num), 1, fp);

    fwrite(t_ch->rUidx, sizeof(uint32_t), t_ch->r_num, fp);
    fwrite(t_ch->rUpos, sizeof(uint64_t), t_ch->r_num, fp);
    fwrite(t_ch->is_r_het, sizeof(uint8_t), t_ch->r_num, fp);

    uint32_t i;
    fwrite(&t_ch->bed.n, sizeof(t_ch->bed.n), 1, fp);
    for (i = 0; i < t_ch->bed.n; i++)
    {
        fwrite(&t_ch->bed.a[i].n, sizeof(t_ch->bed.a[i].n), 1, fp);
        fwrite(t_ch->bed.a[i].a, sizeof(bed_interval), t_ch->bed.a[i].n, fp);
    }

    fwrite(&t_ch->k_trans.n, sizeof(t_ch->k_trans.n), 1, fp);
    fwrite(t_ch->k_trans.a, sizeof(u_trans_t), t_ch->k_trans.n, fp);

    fwrite(&t_ch->k_trans.idx.n, sizeof(t_ch->k_trans.idx.n), 1, fp);
    fwrite(t_ch->k_trans.idx.a, sizeof(uint64_t), t_ch->k_trans.idx.n, fp);


    fclose(fp);
    free(buf);
}


trans_chain* load_hc_hits(const char *fn)
{
    uint64_t flag = 0;
    char *buf = (char*)calloc(strlen(fn) + 25, 1);
    sprintf(buf, "%s.hic.trans.bin", fn);

    FILE* fp = NULL; 
    fp = fopen(buf, "r"); 
    if(!fp) return NULL;

    trans_chain *t_ch = NULL;
    CALLOC(t_ch, 1);

    flag += fread(&t_ch->u_num, sizeof(t_ch->u_num), 1, fp);
    flag += fread(&t_ch->r_num, sizeof(t_ch->r_num), 1, fp);
    MALLOC(t_ch->rUidx, t_ch->r_num);
    flag += fread(t_ch->rUidx, sizeof(uint32_t), t_ch->r_num, fp);
    MALLOC(t_ch->rUpos, t_ch->r_num);
    flag += fread(t_ch->rUpos, sizeof(uint64_t), t_ch->r_num, fp);
    MALLOC(t_ch->is_r_het, t_ch->r_num);
    flag += fread(t_ch->is_r_het, sizeof(uint8_t), t_ch->r_num, fp);

    uint32_t i;
    flag += fread(&t_ch->bed.n, sizeof(t_ch->bed.n), 1, fp);
    MALLOC(t_ch->bed.a, t_ch->bed.n); t_ch->bed.m = t_ch->bed.n;
    for (i = 0; i < t_ch->bed.n; i++)
    {
        flag += fread(&t_ch->bed.a[i].n, sizeof(t_ch->bed.a[i].n), 1, fp);
        MALLOC(t_ch->bed.a[i].a, t_ch->bed.a[i].n); t_ch->bed.a[i].m = t_ch->bed.a[i].n;
        flag += fread(t_ch->bed.a[i].a, sizeof(bed_interval), t_ch->bed.a[i].n, fp);
    }

    flag += fread(&t_ch->k_trans.n, sizeof(t_ch->k_trans.n), 1, fp);
    MALLOC(t_ch->k_trans.a, t_ch->k_trans.n); t_ch->k_trans.m = t_ch->k_trans.n;
    flag += fread(t_ch->k_trans.a, sizeof(u_trans_t), t_ch->k_trans.n, fp);

    flag += fread(&t_ch->k_trans.idx.n, sizeof(t_ch->k_trans.idx.n), 1, fp);
    MALLOC(t_ch->k_trans.idx.a, t_ch->k_trans.idx.n); t_ch->k_trans.idx.m = t_ch->k_trans.idx.n;
    flag += fread(t_ch->k_trans.idx.a, sizeof(uint64_t), t_ch->k_trans.idx.n, fp);


    fclose(fp);
    free(buf);
    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::] ==> Hi-C cov have been loaded\n", __func__);
    return t_ch;
}

void output_contig_graph_alternative(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name,
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp);
void reduce_hamming_error(asg_t *sg, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, long long gap_fuzz);
void clean_u_trans_t_idx(kv_u_trans_t *ta, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g);
void output_hic_graph(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, long long stops_threshold, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, float chimeric_rate, float drop_ratio, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, 
long long gap_fuzz, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{ 
    hic_clean(sg);

    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp new_rtg_edges, d_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges.a); kv_init(d_edges.a);
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, PRIMARY_LABLE);

    new_rtg_edges.a.n = 0;
    ma_ug_seq(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, &d_edges);///polish
    

    hap_cov_t *cov = NULL;
    trans_chain* t_ch = NULL;
    if((asm_opt.flag & HA_F_VERBOSE_GFA)) t_ch = load_hc_hits(output_file_name);
    
    if(!t_ch)
    {
        new_rtg_edges.a.n = 0;
        asg_t *copy_sg = copy_read_graph(sg);
        ma_ug_t *copy_ug = copy_untig_graph(ug);    
        ///asm_opt.purge_overlap_len = asm_opt.purge_overlap_len_hic;
        ///asm_opt.purge_simi_thres = asm_opt.purge_simi_rate_hic;
        adjust_utg_by_primary(&copy_ug, copy_sg, TRIO_THRES, sources, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, 
        tipsLen, tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, ruIndex, chimeric_rate, drop_ratio, 
        max_hang, min_ovlp, &new_rtg_edges, &cov, b_mask_t, 1, 1/**0**/);

        print_utg(copy_ug, copy_sg, coverage_cut, output_file_name, sources, ruIndex, max_hang, 
        min_ovlp, &new_rtg_edges);

        if(asm_opt.is_alt)
        {
            output_contig_graph_alternative(copy_sg, coverage_cut, output_file_name, sources, ruIndex, max_hang, 
            min_ovlp);
        }

        ma_ug_destroy(copy_ug);
        asg_destroy(copy_sg);

        clean_u_trans_t_idx(&(cov->t_ch->k_trans), ug, sg);

        new_rtg_edges.a.n = 0;
        ma_ug_print_bed(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, 
                max_hang, min_ovlp, asm_opt.hic_inconsist_rate, NULL, NULL, cov);

        if((asm_opt.flag & HA_F_VERBOSE_GFA)) write_trans_chain(cov->t_ch, output_file_name);
    }

    hic_analysis(ug, sg, cov?cov->t_ch:t_ch);

    
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+25);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.d_utg.noseq.gfa", output_file_name);
    FILE* output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print_simple(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "utg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    free(gfa_name);
    

    if(cov) destory_hap_cov_t(&cov);
    if(t_ch) destory_trans_chain(&t_ch);

    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a); 
    
    asg_arc_t* av = NULL;
    uint32_t v, w, k, i, nv;
    for (i = 0; i < d_edges.a.n; i++)
    {
        v = d_edges.a.a[i].ul>>32; 
        w = d_edges.a.a[i].v;
        av = asg_arc_a(sg, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(sg, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(av[k].v == w) 
            {
                av[k].del = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
    }    
    kv_destroy(d_edges.a);
    asg_cleanup(sg);

    reduce_hamming_error(sg, sources, coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, gap_fuzz);

    output_trio_unitig_graph(sg, coverage_cut, output_file_name, FATHER, sources, reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 0.15, 3, ruIndex, 
    0.05, 0.9, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0, b_mask_t);
    output_trio_unitig_graph(sg, coverage_cut, output_file_name, MOTHER, sources, reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 0.15, 3, ruIndex, 
    0.05, 0.9, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0, b_mask_t);
}

void set_trio_flag_by_cov(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    kvec_t(uint64_t) idx; kv_init(idx);
    uint32_t i, k, j, qn, tn, s[2], flag, n, found = 0;
    uint64_t offset, r_beg, r_end, ovlp;
    ma_utg_t *u = NULL, *w = NULL;
    u_trans_t *a = NULL;
    kv_u_trans_t *ta = &(cov->t_ch->k_trans);

    for (i = 0, idx.n = 0; i < ta->idx.n; i++)
    {
        qn = i;
        u = &(ug->u.a[qn]);
        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            if((R_INF.trio_flag[u->a[k]>>33]&SET_TRIO)==0) break;
        }

        if(k >= u->n) continue; ///whole unitig is primary

        a = u_trans_a(*ta, qn);
        n = u_trans_n(*ta, qn);
        for (k = 0, s[0] = s[1] = 0; k < n; k++)
        {
            tn = a[k].tn;
            w = &(ug->u.a[tn]);
            for (j = found = 0, offset = 0; j < w->n; j++)
            {

                r_beg = offset; r_end = offset + read_g->seq[w->a[j]>>33].len;
                offset += (uint32_t)w->a[j];
                ovlp = ((MIN(r_end, a[k].te) > MAX(r_beg, a[k].ts))?
                                        MIN(r_end, a[k].te) - MAX(r_beg, a[k].ts):0);
                if(found == 1 && ovlp == 0) break;
                if(ovlp == 0) continue;
                found = 1;
                if(ovlp <= (read_g->seq[w->a[j]>>33].len)*0.8) continue;

                if((R_INF.trio_flag[w->a[j]>>33]&FATHER)||(R_INF.trio_flag[w->a[j]>>33]&MOTHER))
                {
                    s[0]++;
                }
                
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[w->a[j]>>33]&SET_TRIO)
                {
                    s[1]++;
                }
            }
        }

        if(s[1] > 0)
        {
            kv_push(uint64_t, idx, (uint64_t)((uint32_t)-1 - s[0]) << 32 | (qn));
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < idx.n; i++)
    {
        qn = (uint32_t)idx.a[i];
        u = &(ug->u.a[qn]);
        a = u_trans_a(*ta, qn);
        n = u_trans_n(*ta, qn);
        for (k = 0, s[0] = s[1] = 0; k < n; k++)
        {
            tn = a[k].tn;
            w = &(ug->u.a[tn]);
            for (j = found = 0, offset = 0; j < w->n; j++)
            {

                r_beg = offset; r_end = offset + read_g->seq[w->a[j]>>33].len;
                offset += (uint32_t)w->a[j];
                ovlp = ((MIN(r_end, a[k].te) > MAX(r_beg, a[k].ts))?
                                        MIN(r_end, a[k].te) - MAX(r_beg, a[k].ts):0);
                if(found == 1 && ovlp == 0) break;
                if(ovlp == 0) continue;
                found = 1;
                if(ovlp <= (read_g->seq[w->a[j]>>33].len)*0.8) continue;

                if(R_INF.trio_flag[w->a[j]>>33]&FATHER)
                {
                    s[0]++;
                }

                if(R_INF.trio_flag[w->a[j]>>33]&MOTHER)
                {
                    s[1]++;
                }
            }
        }

        if(s[0] >= s[1])
        {
            flag = MOTHER;
        }
        else
        {
            flag = FATHER;
        }
        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            if(R_INF.trio_flag[u->a[k]>>33]&SET_TRIO) continue;
            if(cov->t_ch->is_r_het[u->a[k]>>33] == N_HET) continue;
            R_INF.trio_flag[u->a[k]>>33] |= flag;
        }
    }


    for (i = 0, idx.n = 0; i < ta->idx.n; i++)
    {
        qn = i;
        u = &(ug->u.a[qn]);
        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            if(R_INF.trio_flag[u->a[k]>>33]&FATHER)
            {
                R_INF.trio_flag[u->a[k]>>33] = FATHER;
            }
            else if(R_INF.trio_flag[u->a[k]>>33]&MOTHER)
            {
                R_INF.trio_flag[u->a[k]>>33] = MOTHER;
            }
            else
            {
                R_INF.trio_flag[u->a[k]>>33] = AMBIGU;
            }
        }
    }
    kv_destroy(idx);
}





void print_r_het(hap_cov_t *cov, uint8_t* trio_flag, const char* cmd)
{
    if(cov && cov->t_ch)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "\n+%s-is_r_het[1369536]=%u\n", cmd, cov->t_ch->is_r_het[1369536]);
        fprintf(stderr, "+%s-is_r_het[5097804]=%u\n", cmd, cov->t_ch->is_r_het[5097804]);
        fprintf(stderr, "+%s-is_r_het[603738]=%u\n", cmd, cov->t_ch->is_r_het[603738]);
    }   
    if(trio_flag)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "+%s-trio_flag[1369536]=%u\n", cmd, trio_flag[1369536]);
        fprintf(stderr, "+%s-trio_flag[5097804]=%u\n", cmd, trio_flag[5097804]);
        fprintf(stderr, "+%s-trio_flag[603738]=%u\n", cmd, trio_flag[603738]);
    }
}

void kt_u_trans_t_idx(kv_u_trans_t *ta, uint32_t n)
{
    radix_sort_u_trans(ta->a, ta->a + ta->n);
    kv_resize(uint64_t, ta->idx, n);
    ta->idx.n = n;
    memset(ta->idx.a, 0, ta->idx.n*sizeof(uint64_t));
    uint32_t st, i;
    for (st = 0, i = 1; i <= ta->n; ++i)
    {
        if (i == ta->n || ta->a[i].qn != ta->a[st].qn)
        {
            ta->idx.a[ta->a[st].qn] = (uint64_t)st << 32 | (i - st);
            st = i;
        }
    }
}

uint32_t get_u_trans_spec(kv_u_trans_t *ta, uint32_t qn, uint32_t tn, u_trans_t **r_a, uint32_t *occ)
{
    if(r_a) (*r_a) = NULL; 
    if(occ) (*occ) = 0;
    u_trans_t *a = NULL;
    uint32_t n, st, i;
    a = u_trans_a(*ta, qn);
    n = u_trans_n(*ta, qn);
    for (st = 0, i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
    {
        if (i == n || a[i].tn != a[st].tn)
        {
            if(a[st].tn == tn)
            {
                if(r_a) (*r_a) = a + st;
                if(occ) (*occ) = i - st;
                return 1;
            }
            st = i;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

double merge_u_trans(u_trans_t *a, uint32_t occ, ma_ug_t *ug)
{
    radix_sort_u_trans_qs(a, a+occ);
    uint32_t i, k, ov_q, ov_t, is_found = 1, ts, te;
    double w_q, w_s;
    u_trans_t *p = NULL;

    for (i = 0; i < occ; i++)
    {
        if(a[i].del || a[i].rev == 0) continue;
        ts = a[i].ts; te = a[i].te - 1;
        a[i].ts = ug->g->seq[a[i].tn].len - te - 1;
        a[i].te = ug->g->seq[a[i].tn].len - ts - 1 + 1;
    }


    while (is_found)
    {
        for (i = is_found = 0; i < occ; i++)
        {
            if(a[i].del) continue;
            p = &(a[i]);
            for (k = i+1; k < occ; k++)
            {
                if(a[k].del) continue;
                if(p->qe < a[k].qs) break;

                if(p->qe >= a[k].qs && p->te >= a[k].ts)
                {
                    ov_q = ((MIN(p->qe, a[k].qe) > MAX(p->qs, a[k].qs))?
                                            MIN(p->qe, a[k].qe) - MAX(p->qs, a[k].qs):0);
                    ov_t = ((MIN(p->te, a[k].te) > MAX(p->ts, a[k].ts))?
                                            MIN(p->te, a[k].te) - MAX(p->ts, a[k].ts):0);

                    ov_q = a[k].qe - a[k].qs - ov_q;
                    ov_t = a[k].te - a[k].ts - ov_t;

                    w_q = ((double)ov_q/(double)(a[k].qe - a[k].qs)) * a[k].nw;
                    w_s = ((double)ov_t/(double)(a[k].te - a[k].ts)) * a[k].nw;

                    p->qe = MAX(p->qe, a[k].qe); 
                    p->te = MAX(p->te, a[k].te);
                    p->nw += MIN(w_q, w_s);
                    is_found = 1;
                    a[k].del = 1;
                }
            }
        }
        for (i = k = 0; i < occ; i++)
        {
            if(a[i].del) continue;
            a[k] = a[i];
            k++;
        }
        occ = k;
    }


    for (i = 0; i < occ; i++)
    {
        if(a[i].del) continue;
        p = &(a[i]);
        for (k = i+1; k < occ; k++)
        {
            if(a[k].del) continue;
            ov_q = ((MIN(p->qe, a[k].qe) > MAX(p->qs, a[k].qs))?
                                        MIN(p->qe, a[k].qe) - MAX(p->qs, a[k].qs):0);

            if(ov_q == 0) break;
            if(ov_q == (a[k].qe-a[k].qs))
            {
                a[k].del = 1;
                continue;
            }
            if(ov_q == (p->qe - p->qs))
            {
                p->del = 1;
                continue;
            }
            ov_t = get_offset_adjust(ov_q, a[k].qe-a[k].qs, a[k].te-a[k].ts);
            a[k].qs += ov_q; a[k].ts += ov_t;
            a[k].nw -= ((double)ov_q/(double)(a[k].qe - a[k].qs)) * a[k].nw;
        }
    }
    for (i = k = 0; i < occ; i++)
    {
        if(a[i].del) continue;
        a[k] = a[i];
        k++;
    }
    occ = k;




    radix_sort_u_trans_ts(a, a+occ);
    for (i = 0; i < occ; i++)
    {
        if(a[i].del) continue;
        p = &(a[i]);
        for (k = i+1; k < occ; k++)
        {
            if(a[k].del) continue;
            ov_t = ((MIN(p->te, a[k].te) > MAX(p->ts, a[k].ts))?
                                            MIN(p->te, a[k].te) - MAX(p->ts, a[k].ts):0);

            if(ov_t == 0) break;
            if(ov_t == (a[k].te-a[k].ts))
            {
                a[k].del = 1;
                continue;
            }
            if(ov_t == (p->te - p->ts))
            {
                p->del = 1;
                continue;
            }
            ov_q = get_offset_adjust(ov_t, a[k].te-a[k].ts, a[k].qe-a[k].qs);
            a[k].ts += ov_t; a[k].qs += ov_q; 
            a[k].nw -= ((double)ov_t/(double)(a[k].te - a[k].ts)) * a[k].nw;
        }
    }
    for (i = k = 0, w_q = 0; i < occ; i++)
    {
        if(a[i].del) continue;
        w_q += a[i].nw;
        a[k] = a[i];
        k++;
    }
    occ = k;


    for (i = 0; i < occ; i++)
    {
        if(a[i].del || a[i].rev == 0) continue;
        ts = a[i].ts; te = a[i].te - 1;
        a[i].ts = ug->g->seq[a[i].tn].len - te - 1;
        a[i].te = ug->g->seq[a[i].tn].len - ts - 1 + 1;
    }

    return w_q;
}

void kt_u_trans_t_symm(kv_u_trans_t *ta, ma_ug_t *ug)
{
    u_trans_t *a = NULL, *r_a = NULL, *p = NULL;
    uint32_t k, n, r_n, st, i, m;
    double w0, w1;
    kvec_t(u_trans_t) e0; kv_init(e0);
    kvec_t(u_trans_t) e1; kv_init(e1);
    for (k = 0; k < ta->idx.n; k++)
    {
        a = u_trans_a(*ta, k);
        n = u_trans_n(*ta, k);
        for (st = 0, i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
        {
            if (i == n || a[i].tn != a[st].tn)
            {
                get_u_trans_spec(ta, a[st].tn, a[st].qn, &r_a, &r_n);
                if(i - st == 1 && r_n == 0)
                {
                    st = i;
                    continue;
                } 
                

                e0.n = e1.n = 0;
                for (m = st; m < i; m++)
                {
                    if(a[m].del) continue;
                    if(a[m].rev)
                    {
                        kv_push(u_trans_t, e1, a[m]);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        kv_push(u_trans_t, e0, a[m]);
                    }
                }

                
                for (m = 0; m < r_n; m++)
                {
                    if(r_a[m].del) continue;
                    if(r_a[m].rev)
                    {
                        kv_pushp(u_trans_t, e1, &p);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        kv_pushp(u_trans_t, e0, &p);
                    }
                    (*p) = r_a[m];
                    p->qn = r_a[m].tn; p->qs = r_a[m].ts; p->qe = r_a[m].te;
                    p->tn = r_a[m].qn; p->ts = r_a[m].qs; p->te = r_a[m].qe;
                }
                

                if(e0.n + e1.n > 1)
                {
                    ///must be here
                    for (m = st; m < i; m++) a[m].del = 1;
                    for (m = 0; m < r_n; m++) r_a[m].del = 1;

                    w0 = merge_u_trans(e0.a, e0.n, ug);
                    w1 = merge_u_trans(e1.a, e1.n, ug);
                    if(w0 >= w1)
                    {
                        for (m = 0; m < e0.n; m++)
                        {
                            kv_push(u_trans_t, *ta, e0.a[m]);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        for (m = 0; m < e1.n; m++)
                        {
                            kv_push(u_trans_t, *ta, e1.a[m]);
                        }
                    }
                }
                st = i;
            }
        }

    }
    kv_destroy(e0);
    kv_destroy(e1);
    for (i = m = 0; i < ta->n; ++i)
    {
        if(ta->a[i].del) continue;
        ta->a[m] = ta->a[i];
        m++;
    }
    ta->n = m;
    n = ta->n;
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
        if(ta->a[i].del) continue;
        kv_pushp(u_trans_t, *ta, &p);
        (*p) = ta->a[i];
        p->qn = ta->a[i].tn; p->qs = ta->a[i].ts; p->qe = ta->a[i].te;
        p->tn = ta->a[i].qn; p->ts = ta->a[i].qs; p->te = ta->a[i].qe;
    }
    kt_u_trans_t_idx(ta, ug->g->n_seq);
}

void debug_u_trans_t(kv_u_trans_t *ta)
{
    u_trans_t *a = NULL, *r_a = NULL;
    uint32_t i, k, m, j, st, n, r_n, ovlp;
    for (i = 0; i < ta->n; ++i)
    {
        if(ta->a[i].nw <= 0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-1\n");
        if(ta->a[i].qe <= ta->a[i].qs) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-2\n");
        if(ta->a[i].te <= ta->a[i].ts) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-3\n");
    }
    for (k = 0; k < ta->idx.n; k++)
    {
        a = u_trans_a(*ta, k);
        n = u_trans_n(*ta, k);
        for (st = 0, i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
        {
            if (i == n || a[i].tn != a[st].tn)
            {
                get_u_trans_spec(ta, a[st].tn, a[st].qn, &r_a, &r_n);

                if(i - st != r_n) 
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-4, i - st: %u, r_n: %u\n", i - st, r_n);
                }
                
                for (m = st; m < i; m++)
                {
                    if(a[m].rev != a[st].rev) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-5\n");
                    for (j = st; j < i; j++)
                    {
                        if(j == m) continue;

                        ovlp = ((MIN(a[m].qe, a[j].qe) > MAX(a[m].qs, a[j].qs))?
                                        MIN(a[m].qe, a[j].qe) - MAX(a[m].qs, a[j].qs):0);
                        if(ovlp > 0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-6\n");

                        ovlp = ((MIN(a[m].te, a[j].te) > MAX(a[m].ts, a[j].ts))?
                                        MIN(a[m].te, a[j].te) - MAX(a[m].ts, a[j].ts):0);
                        if(ovlp > 0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-7\n");
                    }

                    for (j = 0; j < r_n; j++)
                    {
                        if(r_a[j].rev != a[m].rev) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-8\n");
                        if(r_a[j].tn == a[m].qn && r_a[j].qn == a[m].tn && 
                           r_a[j].ts == a[m].qs && r_a[j].te == a[m].qe && 
                           r_a[j].qs == a[m].ts && r_a[j].qe == a[m].te &&
                           r_a[j].nw == a[m].nw)
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if(j >= r_n) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-9\n");
                    
                }
                st = i;
            }
        }
    }
}


void filter_u_trans_t(kv_u_trans_t *ta, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g, uint32_t thres)
{
    u_trans_t *a = NULL, *r_a = NULL;
    ma_utg_t *u = NULL;
    uint32_t i, k, m, j, st, n, r_n;
    uint64_t offset, r_beg, r_end, ovlp, min, max, pass;
    kvec_t(uint32_t) cnt; kv_init(cnt);
    for (k = 0; k < ta->idx.n; k++)
    {
        a = u_trans_a(*ta, k);
        n = u_trans_n(*ta, k);
        if(n == 0) continue;
        kv_resize(uint32_t, cnt, n); cnt.n = n;
        min = a[0].qs; max = a[0].qe; 
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            cnt.a[i] = 0;
            min = MIN(min, a[i].qs);
            max = MAX(max, a[i].qe);
        } 
        

        u = &(ug->u.a[k]); pass = 0;
        for (j = 0, offset = 0; j < u->n; j++)
        {
            pass = 0;
            r_beg = offset; r_end = offset + read_g->seq[u->a[j]>>33].len;
            offset += (uint32_t)u->a[j];
            if(min >= r_end) continue;
            if(max <= r_beg) break;
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                if(cnt.a[i] >= thres || r_beg >= a[i].qe)
                {
                    pass++;
                    continue;
                } 
                ovlp = ((MIN(r_end, a[i].qe) > MAX(r_beg, a[i].qs))?
                                        MIN(r_end, a[i].qe) - MAX(r_beg, a[i].qs):0);
                if(ovlp == (r_end - r_beg))
                {   
                    cnt.a[i]++;
                    if(cnt.a[i] >= thres) pass++;
                }
            }

            if(pass == n) 
            {
                for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
                {
                    if(cnt.a[i] < thres) a[i].del = 1;
                }
                break;
            }
        }

        if(pass < n)
        {
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                if(cnt.a[i] < thres) a[i].del = 1;
            }
        } 
    }
    kv_destroy(cnt);

    for (k = 0; k < ta->idx.n; k++)
    {
        a = u_trans_a(*ta, k);
        n = u_trans_n(*ta, k);
        for (st = 0, i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
        {
            if (i == n || a[i].tn != a[st].tn)///same qn && tn
            {
                get_u_trans_spec(ta, a[st].tn, a[st].qn, &r_a, &r_n);
                
                for (m = st; m < i; m++)
                {
                    if(!a[m].del) continue;
                    
                    for (j = 0; j < r_n; j++)
                    {
                        if(r_a[j].tn == a[m].qn && r_a[j].qn == a[m].tn && 
                           r_a[j].ts == a[m].qs && r_a[j].te == a[m].qe && 
                           r_a[j].qs == a[m].ts && r_a[j].qe == a[m].te &&
                           r_a[j].nw == a[m].nw && r_a[j].rev == a[m].rev)
                        {
                            r_a[j].del = 1;
                            break;
                        }
                    }                    
                }
                st = i;
            }
        }
    }
    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    // for (i = 0; i < ta->n; ++i)
    // {
    //     uint32_t c_q = 0, c_t = 0, s, e;
    //     u = &(ug->u.a[ta->a[i].qn]); s = ta->a[i].qs; e = ta->a[i].qe; 
    //     for (j = 0, offset = 0; j < u->n; j++)
    //     {
    //         r_beg = offset; r_end = offset + read_g->seq[u->a[j]>>33].len;
    //         offset += (uint32_t)u->a[j];

    //         ovlp = ((MIN(r_end, e) > MAX(r_beg, s))? MIN(r_end, e) - MAX(r_beg, s):0);
    //         if(ovlp == (r_end - r_beg))
    //         {   
    //             c_q++;
    //             if(c_q >= thres) break;
    //         }
    //     }


    //     u = &(ug->u.a[ta->a[i].tn]); s = ta->a[i].ts; e = ta->a[i].te; 
    //     for (j = 0, offset = 0; j < u->n; j++)
    //     {
    //         r_beg = offset; r_end = offset + read_g->seq[u->a[j]>>33].len;
    //         offset += (uint32_t)u->a[j];

    //         ovlp = ((MIN(r_end, e) > MAX(r_beg, s))? MIN(r_end, e) - MAX(r_beg, s):0);
    //         if(ovlp == (r_end - r_beg))
    //         {   
    //             c_t++;
    //             if(c_t >= thres) break;
    //         }
    //     }

    //     if(ta->a[i].del && (c_q >= thres && c_t >= thres)) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    //     if(!ta->a[i].del && (c_q < thres || c_t < thres)) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    // }
    /*******************************for debug************************************/

    for (i = m = 0; i < ta->n; ++i)
    {
        if(ta->a[i].del) continue;
        ta->a[m] = ta->a[i];
        m++;
    }
    ta->n = m;
    kt_u_trans_t_idx(ta, ug->g->n_seq);
}

void clean_u_trans_t_idx(kv_u_trans_t *ta, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g)
{
    kt_u_trans_t_idx(ta, ug->g->n_seq);
    kt_u_trans_t_symm(ta, ug);
    filter_u_trans_t(ta, ug, read_g, 3);
    ///debug_u_trans_t(ta);
}


void output_bp_graph(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, long long stops_threshold, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, float chimeric_rate, float drop_ratio, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, 
bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{ 
    hic_clean(sg);

    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges.a);
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, PRIMARY_LABLE);


    hap_cov_t *cov = NULL;
    asg_t *copy_sg = copy_read_graph(sg);
    ma_ug_t *copy_ug = copy_untig_graph(ug);
    adjust_utg_by_primary(&copy_ug, copy_sg, TRIO_THRES, sources, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, 
    tipsLen, tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, ruIndex, chimeric_rate, drop_ratio, 
    max_hang, min_ovlp, &new_rtg_edges, &cov, b_mask_t, 1, 1);
    print_utg(copy_ug, copy_sg, coverage_cut, output_file_name, sources, ruIndex, max_hang, 
    min_ovlp, &new_rtg_edges);
    ma_ug_destroy(copy_ug);
    asg_destroy(copy_sg);

    clean_u_trans_t_idx(&(cov->t_ch->k_trans), ug, sg);
    // print_untig_by_read(copy_ug, "m64011_190830_220126/88867583/ccs", 603738, NULL, NULL, "sb");
    
    ///debug_gfa_space(ug, cov);

    set_trio_flag_by_cov(ug, sg, cov);
    // print_r_het(cov, R_INF.trio_flag, "out-1");


    destory_hap_cov_t(&cov);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a);

    output_trio_unitig_graph(sg, coverage_cut, output_file_name, FATHER, sources, reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 0.15, 3, ruIndex, 
    0.05, 0.9, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0, b_mask_t);
    output_trio_unitig_graph(sg, coverage_cut, output_file_name, MOTHER, sources, reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 0.15, 3, ruIndex, 
    0.05, 0.9, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0, b_mask_t);
}

ma_ug_t* merge_utg(ma_ug_t **dest, ma_ug_t **src)
{
    asg_t *g_d = (*dest)->g, *g_s = (*src)->g;
    uint64_t occ_d = g_d->n_seq, occ_s = g_s->n_seq, i;
    asg_arc_t *p = NULL;
    g_d->is_srt = g_d->is_symm = 0;
    
    for (i = 0; i < occ_s; i++)
    {
        asg_seq_set(g_d, i+occ_d, g_s->seq[i].len, g_s->seq[i].del);
        g_d->seq[i+occ_d].c = g_s->seq[i].c;
    }

    g_d->seq_vis = (uint8_t*)realloc(g_d->seq_vis, g_d->n_seq*2*sizeof(uint8_t));


    for (i = 0; i < g_s->n_arc; i++)
    {
        p = asg_arc_pushp(g_d);
        (*p) = g_s->arc[i];
        p->ul += (occ_d<<33);
        p->v += (occ_d<<1);
    }

    asg_cleanup(g_d);
    g_d->r_seq = g_d->n_seq;

    if(g_s->n_F_seq > 0 && g_s->F_seq)
    {
        uint64_t n_F_seq = g_d->n_F_seq + g_s->n_F_seq;
        g_d->F_seq = (ma_utg_t*)realloc(g_d->F_seq, n_F_seq*sizeof(ma_utg_t));
        memcpy(g_d->F_seq + g_d->n_F_seq, g_s->F_seq, g_s->n_F_seq*sizeof(ma_utg_t));
        g_d->n_F_seq = n_F_seq;
        free(g_s->F_seq);
        g_s->F_seq = NULL;
        g_s->n_F_seq = 0;
    }

    ma_utg_v *u_d = &((*dest)->u), *u_s = &((*src)->u);
    if(u_s->n > 0)
    {
        uint64_t n = u_d->n + u_s->n;
        u_d->a = (ma_utg_t*)realloc(u_d->a, n*sizeof(ma_utg_t));
        memcpy(u_d->a + u_d->n, u_s->a, u_s->n*sizeof(ma_utg_t));
        u_d->n = u_d->m = n;
        free(u_s->a);
        u_s->a = NULL;
        u_s->n = u_s->m = 0;
    }

    kv_push(uint64_t, (*dest)->occ, occ_d);
    kv_push(uint64_t, (*dest)->occ, occ_s);
    
    ma_ug_destroy(*src);
    return (*dest);
}

void benchmark_hic_graph(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, long long stops_threshold, R_to_U* ruIndex, 
float chimeric_rate, float drop_ratio, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    ma_ug_t *ug_1 = output_trio_unitig_graph(sg, coverage_cut, output_file_name, FATHER, sources, 
    reverse_sources, tipsLen, tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, ruIndex, 
    chimeric_rate, drop_ratio, max_hang, min_ovlp, 1, b_mask_t);

    ma_ug_t *ug_2 = output_trio_unitig_graph(sg, coverage_cut, output_file_name, MOTHER, sources, 
    reverse_sources, tipsLen, tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, ruIndex, 
    chimeric_rate, drop_ratio, max_hang, min_ovlp, 1, b_mask_t);
    fprintf(stderr, "ug_1->u.n: %u, ug_2->u.n: %u\n", (uint32_t)ug_1->u.n, (uint32_t)ug_2->u.n);
    ma_ug_t *ug = merge_utg(&ug_1, &ug_2);
    fprintf(stderr, "ug->u.n: %u\n", (uint32_t)ug->u.n);

    hic_benchmark(ug, sg);

    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
}

void merge_unitig_content(ma_utg_t* collection, ma_ug_t* ug, asg_t* read_g, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge)
{
    if(collection->m == 0) return;
    uint32_t i, j, index = 0, uId, ori;
    uint64_t totalLen;
    ma_utg_t* query = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < collection->n; i++)
    {
        uId = collection->a[i]>>33;
        ori = collection->a[i]>>32&1;
        query = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        index += query->n;
    }

    uint64_t* buffer = (uint64_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint64_t)*index);
    uint64_t* aim = NULL;
    index = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < collection->n; i++)
    {
        uId = collection->a[i]>>33;
        ori = collection->a[i]>>32&1;
        query = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        aim = buffer + index;
        if(ori == 1)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < query->n; j++)
            {
                aim[query->n - j - 1] = (query->a[j])^(uint64_t)(0x100000000);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for (j = 0; j < query->n; j++)
            {
                aim[j] = query->a[j];
            }
        }
        index += query->n;
        free(query->a);query->m=0;query->a=NULL;
    }

    if(index == 0) return;

    ///fill_unitig(buffer, index, read_g, edge, collection->circ, &totalLen);
    fill_unitig(buffer, index, read_g, edge, /**collection->circ**/
                    (collection->n == 1 && ug->u.a[collection->a[0]>>33].circ), &totalLen);

    ///important. must be here
    if(collection->n == 1 && ug->u.a[collection->a[0]>>33].circ) collection->circ = 1;
    
    free(collection->a);
    collection->a = buffer;
    collection->n = collection->m = index;
    collection->len = totalLen;
    if(!collection->circ)
    {
        collection->start = collection->a[0]>>32;
        collection->end = (collection->a[collection->n-1]>>32)^1;
    }
    else
    {
        collection->start = collection->end = UINT32_MAX;
    }
    
    
}

void print_unitig(ma_utg_t* collection, ma_ug_t* ug)
{
    if(collection->m == 0) return;
    uint32_t i, index = 0, uId, ori, l;
    ma_utg_t* query = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < collection->n; i++)
    {
        uId = collection->a[i]>>33;
        ori = collection->a[i]>>32&1;
        l = (uint32_t)(collection->a[i]);
        fprintf(stderr, "i: %u, uId: %u, ori: %u, l: %u\n", i, uId, ori, l);
        if(ug)
        {
            query = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
            index += query->n;
        }
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "index: %u\n", index);
}


void print_specfic_read_ovlp(uint32_t Rid,  ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
const char* command)
{
    long long j, i = Rid;
    uint32_t tn;


    fprintf(stderr, "\n\n\nafter %s\n", command);

    fprintf(stderr, "****************ma_hit_t (%lld)ref_read: %.*s****************\n", 
    i, (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, i), Get_NAME(R_INF, i));


    fprintf(stderr, "sources Len: %d, is_fully_corrected: %d\n", 
    sources[i].length, sources[i].is_fully_corrected);

    for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
    {
        tn = Get_tn(sources[i].buffer[j]);
        fprintf(stderr, "target: %.*s, qs: %u, qe: %u, ts: %u, te: %u, ml: %u, rev: %u, el: %u, del: %u\n", 
        (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn),
        Get_qs(sources[i].buffer[j]),
        Get_qe(sources[i].buffer[j]),
        Get_ts(sources[i].buffer[j]),
        Get_te(sources[i].buffer[j]),
        sources[i].buffer[j].ml,
        sources[i].buffer[j].rev,
        sources[i].buffer[j].el,
        (uint32_t)sources[i].buffer[j].del);
    }


    
    fprintf(stderr, "######reverse_query_read Len: %d\n", reverse_sources[i].length);



    for (j = 0; j < reverse_sources[i].length; j++)
    {
        tn = Get_tn(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]);
        fprintf(stderr, "target: %.*s, qs: %u, qe: %u, ts: %u, te: %u, del: %u\n", 
        (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn),
        Get_qs(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]),
        Get_qe(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]),
        Get_ts(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]),
        Get_te(reverse_sources[i].buffer[j]),
        (uint32_t)sources[i].buffer[j].del);
    }

    
        

    fflush(stderr);

    
}


uint32_t print_debug_gfa(asg_t *read_g, ma_ug_t *ug, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, const char* output_file_name, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges.a);

    if(ug == NULL) ug = ma_ug_gen(read_g);

    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i) 
    {
        ma_utg_t *u = &ug->u.a[i];
        if(u->m == 0 || ug->g->seq[i].c == ALTER_LABLE)
        {
            asg_seq_del(ug->g, i);
            if(ug->u.a[i].m!=0)
            {
                ug->u.a[i].m = ug->u.a[i].n = 0;
                free(ug->u.a[i].a);
                ug->u.a[i].a = NULL;
            }
        }
    }

    ma_ug_seq(ug, read_g, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0);

    fprintf(stderr, "Writing raw unitig GFA to disk... \n");
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+25);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.r_utg.noseq.gfa", output_file_name);
    FILE* output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print_simple(ug, &R_INF, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "utg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);

    free(gfa_name);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a);
    exit(0);
}


uint32_t print_untig_by_read(ma_ug_t *g, const char* name, uint32_t in, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, const char* info)
{
	uint32_t i, k, rId = (uint32_t)-1, flag = 0;
    if(in != (uint32_t)-1) 
    {
        rId = in;
    }
    else
    {
        for (i = 0; i < R_INF.total_reads; ++i) 
        {
            if(Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, i) != strlen(name)) continue;
            if(memcmp(name, Get_NAME(R_INF, i), Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, i)) == 0)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s: i: %u, >%.*s\n", info, i, 
                (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((R_INF), i), Get_NAME((R_INF), i));
                rId = i;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    

    if(rId == (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: Cannot find %s\n", info, name);
        return (uint32_t)-1;
    }

    if(sources && reverse_sources) print_specfic_read_ovlp(rId, sources, reverse_sources, info); 

    if(g != NULL)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < g->u.n; ++i) 
        {
            ma_utg_t *u = &g->u.a[i];
            if(u->m == 0) continue;
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                if(rId == (u->a[k]>>33))
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s is the %u-th read at %u-th unitig (label: %u, occ: %u)\n", 
                    info, name, k, i, g->g->seq[i].c, u->n);
                    flag = 1;
                    ///return i;
                }
            }
        }
    }
	




    if(flag == 0) fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s is not at any unitig\n", info, name);
    return (uint32_t)-1;
}


void print_untig(ma_ug_t *g, uint32_t uId, const char* info, uint32_t is_print_read)
{
	uint32_t i, k;
    asg_t* nsg = g->g;

    uId = uId<<1;
    asg_arc_t *aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, uId);
    uint32_t nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, uId);

    fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: c = %u, del: %u\n", info, nsg->seq[uId>>1].c, nsg->seq[uId>>1].del);
    fprintf(stderr, "%s(%u): direction = 0...\n", info, uId>>1);
    for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
    {
        if(aw[i].del) continue;
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: (%u) v>>1: %u, dir: %u\n", info, i, aw[i].v>>1, aw[i].v&1);
    }

    uId = uId^1;
    aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, uId);
    nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, uId);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n%s(%u): direction = 1...\n", info, uId>>1);
    for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
    {
        if(aw[i].del) continue;
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: (%u) v>>1: %u, dir: %u\n", info, i, aw[i].v>>1, aw[i].v&1);
    }

    if(is_print_read == 0) return;


    uId = uId>>1;
    ma_utg_t *u = &g->u.a[uId];
    fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: include %u reads in total...\n", info, u->n);
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: rId>>1: %lu, dir: %lu, name: %.*s\n", 
        info, (unsigned long)(u->a[k]>>33), (unsigned long)((u->a[k]>>32)&1),
        (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((R_INF), (u->a[k]>>33)), Get_NAME((R_INF), (u->a[k]>>33)));
    }
}


void print_read_all(ma_ug_t *ug, const char* name, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, const char* info)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "\n\n****************************\n");
    uint32_t uId;
    uId = print_untig_by_read(ug, name, (uint32_t)-1, sources, reverse_sources, info);
    if(uId != (uint32_t)-1) print_untig(ug, uId, info, 1);
    fprintf(stderr, "****************************\n");
}


void renew_utg(ma_ug_t **ug, asg_t* read_g, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge)
{
    ma_ug_t* high_level_ug = NULL;
    asg_t* nsg = (*ug)->g;
    uint32_t i;
    ma_utg_t *u;
    high_level_ug = ma_ug_gen(nsg);
    for (i = 0; i < high_level_ug->u.n; i++)
    {
        high_level_ug->g->seq[i].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        u = &(high_level_ug->u.a[i]);
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        merge_unitig_content(u, (*ug), read_g, edge);
    }
    ma_ug_destroy((*ug));
    (*ug) = high_level_ug;
}



long long get_graph_statistic(asg_t *g)
{
    long long num_arc = 0;
	uint32_t n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, v;
    
	for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
		if (g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        ///num_arc += asg_arc_n(g, v);
        num_arc += get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
    }

    return num_arc;
}

void get_trio_labs(buf_t* b, ma_ug_t *ug, Trio_counter* flag)
{    
    flag->father_occ = flag->mother_occ = flag->ambig_occ = flag->drop_occ = 0;
    uint32_t i, v, k, rId;
    if(ug == NULL)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i)
        {
            if(R_INF.trio_flag[b->b.a[i]>>1]==FATHER)
            {
                flag->father_occ++;
            }
            else if(R_INF.trio_flag[b->b.a[i]>>1]==MOTHER)
            {
                flag->mother_occ++;
            }
            else if(R_INF.trio_flag[b->b.a[i]>>1]==AMBIGU)
            {
                flag->ambig_occ++;
            }
            else if(R_INF.trio_flag[b->b.a[i]>>1]==DROP)
            {
                flag->drop_occ++;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
        for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i)
        {
            v = b->b.a[i]>>1;
            u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
            if(u->m == 0) continue;
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rId = u->a[k]>>33;
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId]==FATHER)
                {
                    flag->father_occ++;
                }
                else if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId]==MOTHER)
                {
                    flag->mother_occ++;
                }
                else if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId]==AMBIGU)
                {
                    flag->ambig_occ++;
                }
                else if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId]==DROP)
                {
                    flag->drop_occ++;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    flag->total = flag->father_occ + flag->mother_occ + flag->ambig_occ + flag->drop_occ;
}

uint32_t cal_trio_vec(buf_t* b, ma_ug_t *ug, float thres)
{
    uint32_t i, father_occ = 0, mother_occ = 0, v, k, rId;
    if(ug == NULL)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i)
        {
            if(R_INF.trio_flag[b->b.a[i]>>1]==FATHER)
            {
                father_occ++;
            }
            else if(R_INF.trio_flag[b->b.a[i]>>1]==MOTHER)
            {
                mother_occ++;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
        for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i)
        {
            v = b->b.a[i]>>1;
            u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
            if(u->m == 0) continue;
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rId = u->a[k]>>33;
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId]==FATHER)
                {
                    father_occ++;
                }
                else if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId]==MOTHER)
                {
                    mother_occ++;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    

    if(father_occ >= thres*(father_occ+mother_occ)) return FATHER;
    if(mother_occ >= thres*(father_occ+mother_occ)) return MOTHER;
    return AMBIGU;
}

int cut_trio_tip_primary(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t max_ext, uint32_t trio_flag, uint32_t keep_out_node,
asg_t *read_sg, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t min_edge_length)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    uint32_t n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, v, w, i, cnt = 0, tipEvaluateLen, flag, inner_flag, operation, tip_trio_flag;
    uint32_t non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1, nw;
    asg_arc_t *aw = NULL;
    if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
    if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;

    buf_t b, b_0, b_1;
    
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        if (g->seq[v>>1].c == CUT || g->seq[v>>1].c == CUT_DIF_HAP || g->seq[v>>1].c == TRIM) continue;
        if(get_real_length(g, (v^1), NULL) != 0) continue;
        ///cut tip of length <= max_ext
        flag = check_tip(g, v, &w, &b, max_ext);
        if(flag == LOOP || flag == LONG_TIPS) continue;
        if(keep_out_node && flag == MUL_OUTPUT) continue;
        if(ug!=NULL)
        {
            tipEvaluateLen = 0;
            for (i = 0; i < b.b.n; ++i)
            {
                tipEvaluateLen += EvaluateLen(ug->u, (b.b.a[i]>>1));
            }
            if(tipEvaluateLen > max_ext) continue;
        }

        operation = TRIM;
        ///we need to deal with MUL_INPUT and END_TIPS
        ///two operations: 1. trimming 2. cutting
        if(flag == END_TIPS)
        {
            tip_trio_flag = cal_trio_vec(&b, ug, TRIO_THRES);
            if(((tip_trio_flag == FATHER) || (tip_trio_flag == MOTHER))
                &&
                (tip_trio_flag != non_trio_flag))
            {
                operation = CUT;
            }
        }

        ///if(flag == MUL_INPUT || flag == MUL_OUTPUT)
        if(flag == MUL_INPUT)
        {
            // tip_trio_flag = cal_trio_vec(&b, ug, TRIO_THRES);
            // if(((tip_trio_flag == FATHER) || (tip_trio_flag == MOTHER))
            //     &&
            //     (tip_trio_flag != non_trio_flag))
            // {
            //     operation = CUT;
            // }
            /**
            To do lists: we can refine this function at the final step
            1. ideally, we should check if this tip comes from different haplotype with another unitig.
            That might be helpful to recover bubbles. We should keep all break points in a vector, 
            and break these types of tip. At last, recover them.
            
            2. if this tip has enough haplotype information, we should check if it does not
            come from different haplotype with another unitig. If it does not, do not trim them
            if(operation == TRIM)
            {
                get_real_length(g, b.b.a[b.b.n-1], &w);
                w = w^1;
                ;
            }
            **/
            get_real_length(g, b.b.a[b.b.n-1], &w);
            w = w^1;
            aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
            nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
            for (i = 0; i < nw; ++i)
            {
                if(operation == CUT) break;
                if(aw[i].del) continue;
                if(aw[i].v == (b.b.a[b.b.n-1]^1)) continue;
                inner_flag = check_different_haps(g, ug, read_sg, b.b.a[b.b.n-1]^1, aw[i].v,
                reverse_sources, &b_0, &b_1, ruIndex, min_edge_length, 1);
                if(inner_flag == NON_PLOID) operation = CUT;
            }
        }

        
        for (i = 0; i < b.b.n; ++i)
        {
            g->seq[(b.b.a[i]>>1)].c = ALTER_LABLE;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < b.b.n; ++i)
        {
            asg_seq_drop(g, (b.b.a[i]>>1));
        }
        

        if(operation == CUT)
        {
            for (i = 0; i < b.b.n; ++i)
            {
                g->seq[(b.b.a[i]>>1)].c = CUT;
            }
        }
        
		++cnt;
    }


    if (cnt > 0) asg_cleanup(g);
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] cut %d tips\n", __func__, cnt);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
    free(b.b.a);
    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);


	return cnt;
}


int asg_arc_cut_trio_long_tip_primary(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources,
R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t min_edge_length, float drop_ratio, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, v_maxLen_i = (uint32_t)-1, flag, operation;
    uint32_t return_flag, n_tips;
    long long ll, v_maxLen, tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;

    buf_t b, b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i, k, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        n_arc = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        if (n_arc < 2) continue;

        v_maxLen = -1;
        v_maxLen_i = (uint32_t)-1;
        n_tips = 0;

        for (i = 0, n_arc = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (!av[i].del)
            { 
                return_flag = get_unitig(g, ug, av[i].v, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);

                if(return_flag==LOOP) continue;
                if(return_flag==END_TIPS) n_tips++;
                
                if(v_maxLen < ll)
                {
                    v_maxLen = ll;
                    v_maxLen_i = i;
                }
            }
        }

        if(n_tips==0) continue;

        for (i = 0, n_arc = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (!av[i].del)
            {
                ///skip the longest way
                if(v_maxLen_i == i) continue;

                b.b.n = 0;
                if(get_unitig(g, ug, av[i].v, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b)!=END_TIPS)
                {
                    continue;
                } 

                if(ll >= (v_maxLen*drop_ratio)) continue;
                n_reduced++;

                operation = TRIM;
                flag = check_different_haps(g, ug, read_sg, av[v_maxLen_i].v, av[i].v,
                reverse_sources, &b_0, &b_1, ruIndex, min_edge_length, 1);
                // #define UNAVAILABLE (uint32_t)-1
                // #define PLOID 0
                // #define NON_PLOID 1
                if(flag == NON_PLOID) operation = CUT;

                for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                {
                    g->seq[b.b.a[k]>>1].c = ALTER_LABLE;
                }

                for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                {
                    asg_seq_drop(g, b.b.a[k]>>1);
                }

                if(operation == CUT)
                {
                    for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                    {
                        g->seq[b.b.a[k]>>1].c = CUT;
                    }
                }

                if(cov && operation != CUT)
                {
                    collect_trans_cov(__func__, &b_0, av[v_maxLen_i].ol, &b_1, av[i].ol, ug, read_sg, cov);
                } 
                
            }
        }
    }


    asg_cleanup(g);
    asg_symm(g);
    free(b.b.a);
    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);
    
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d long tips\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    return n_reduced;
}

int asg_arc_cut_trio_long_tip_primary_complex(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources,
R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t min_edge_length, float drop_ratio, uint32_t stops_threshold, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, in, flag, operation;
    uint32_t return_flag, convex_i, k;
    long long ll, tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;

    buf_t b, b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i;
        if(g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        ///tip
        if (get_real_length(g, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
        if(get_real_length(g, v^1, NULL) != 1) continue;

        b.b.n = 0;   
        return_flag = get_unitig(g, ug, v^1, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
        &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b);

        if(return_flag != MUL_INPUT) continue;
        in = convex^1;
        get_real_length(g, convex, &convex);
        convex = convex^1;
        uint32_t n_convex = asg_arc_n(g, convex), convexLen = ll;
        asg_arc_t *a_convex = asg_arc_a(g, convex);
        for (i = 0; i < n_convex; i++)
        {
            if(a_convex[i].del) continue;
            if(a_convex[i].v == in) break;
        }
        convex_i = i;
        ///if(convex_i == n_convex) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");


        for (i = 0; i < n_convex; i++)
        {
            if(a_convex[i].del) continue;
            if(i == convex_i) continue;

            return_flag = get_unitig(g, ug, a_convex[i].v, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
            &max_stop_baseLen, stops_threshold, NULL);
            
            if(convexLen < ll*drop_ratio && max_stop_nodeLen >= ll*MAX_STOP_RATE)
            {
                n_reduced++;
                operation = TRIM;
                flag = check_different_haps(g, ug, read_sg, a_convex[convex_i].v, a_convex[i].v,
                reverse_sources, &b_0, &b_1, ruIndex, min_edge_length, stops_threshold);
                // #define UNAVAILABLE (uint32_t)-1
                // #define PLOID 0
                // #define NON_PLOID 1
                if(flag == NON_PLOID) operation = CUT;

                for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                {
                    g->seq[b.b.a[k]>>1].c = ALTER_LABLE;
                }

                for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                {
                    asg_seq_drop(g, b.b.a[k]>>1);
                }

                if(operation == CUT)
                {
                    for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                    {
                        g->seq[b.b.a[k]>>1].c = CUT;
                    }
                }

                ///note: we need to remove b_0, insetad of b_1 here
                if(cov && operation != CUT)
                {
                    collect_trans_cov(__func__, &b_1, a_convex[i].ol, &b_0, a_convex[convex_i].ol, ug, read_sg, cov);
                } 
                
                
                break;
            }
        }
    }


    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d long tips\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    asg_cleanup(g);
    asg_symm(g);
    free(b.b.a);
    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);

    return n_reduced;
}

void renew_longest_tip_by_drop(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_arc_t *av, uint32_t nv,
long long* base_maxLen, long long* base_maxLen_i, uint32_t stops_threshold, buf_t* b, uint32_t trio_flag)
{
    if(trio_flag != FATHER && trio_flag != MOTHER) return;
    Trio_counter max, cur;
    memset(&max, 0, sizeof(Trio_counter));
    memset(&cur, 0, sizeof(Trio_counter));
    long long ll, tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen, max_weight = 0, cur_weight = 0;
    uint32_t convex, i, return_flag, best_tip_i, best_tip_len;
    
    b->b.n = 0;
    return_flag = get_unitig(g, ug, av[(*base_maxLen_i)].v, &convex, &tmp, &ll, 
    &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, stops_threshold, b);
    if(return_flag!=END_TIPS) return;


    get_trio_labs(b, ug, &max);
    ///means this unitig might be at current haplotype
    ///if(max.drop_occ<(max.total*TRIO_DROP_THRES)) return;


    best_tip_i = (*base_maxLen_i);
    best_tip_len = (*base_maxLen);

    for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
    {
        if(av[i].del) continue;
        if(i==(*base_maxLen_i)) continue;

        b->b.n = 0;
        return_flag = get_unitig(g, ug, av[i].v, &convex, &tmp, &ll, 
        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, stops_threshold, b);

        if(return_flag!=END_TIPS) return;
        ///this tip should be long enough
        if(ll<(TRIO_DROP_LENGTH_THRES*(*base_maxLen))) continue;

        get_trio_labs(b, ug, &cur);

        if(trio_flag == FATHER)
        {
            max_weight = (long long)max.father_occ - (long long)max.drop_occ - (long long)max.mother_occ;
            cur_weight = (long long)cur.father_occ - (long long)cur.drop_occ - (long long)cur.mother_occ;
            ///this unitig is very likly at another haplotype, ignore it
            if((cur.drop_occ+cur.mother_occ)>=(cur.total*TRIO_DROP_THRES)) continue;
        }

        if(trio_flag == MOTHER)
        {
            max_weight = (long long)max.mother_occ - (long long)max.drop_occ - (long long)max.father_occ;
            cur_weight = (long long)cur.mother_occ - (long long)cur.drop_occ - (long long)cur.father_occ;
            ///this unitig is very likly at another haplotype, ignore it
            if((cur.drop_occ+cur.father_occ)>=(cur.total*TRIO_DROP_THRES)) continue;
        }


        if(cur_weight > max_weight)
        {
            max = cur;
            best_tip_i = i;
            best_tip_len = ll;
        }
        else if(cur_weight == max_weight && ll>best_tip_len)
        {
            max = cur;
            best_tip_i = i;
            best_tip_len = ll;
        }
    }

    (*base_maxLen_i) = best_tip_i;
    (*base_maxLen) = best_tip_len;
}

int asg_arc_cut_trio_long_equal_tips_assembly(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t trio_flag,
hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, flag, is_hap, n_tips, return_flag, k;
    long long ll, base_maxLen, base_maxLen_i, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen, tmp;
    buf_t b, b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        n_arc = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        if (n_arc < 2) continue;

        base_maxLen = -1;
        base_maxLen_i = -1;
        n_tips = 0;
        is_hap = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            return_flag = get_unitig(g, ug, av[i].v, &convex, &tmp, &ll, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);

            if(return_flag==LOOP) continue;
            if(return_flag==END_TIPS) n_tips++;

            if(base_maxLen < ll)
            {
                base_maxLen = ll;
                base_maxLen_i = i;
            }
        }

        if(n_tips==0) continue;
        ///all the unitigs here are tips
        if(n_arc == n_tips)
        {
            renew_longest_tip_by_drop(g, ug, av, nv, &base_maxLen, 
            &base_maxLen_i, 1, &b, trio_flag);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(i==base_maxLen_i) continue;
            if(av[i].del) continue;

            b.b.n = 0;
            return_flag = get_unitig(g, ug, av[i].v, &convex, &tmp, &ll, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b);

            if(return_flag != END_TIPS) continue;

            flag = check_different_haps(g, ug, read_sg, av[base_maxLen_i].v, av[i].v,
            reverse_sources, &b_0, &b_1, ruIndex, miniedgeLen, 1);

            // #define UNAVAILABLE (uint32_t)-1
            // #define PLOID 0
            // #define NON_PLOID 1
            if(flag != PLOID) continue;
            n_reduced++;

            for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
            {
                g->seq[b.b.a[k]>>1].c = ALTER_LABLE;
            }

            for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
            {
                asg_seq_drop(g, b.b.a[k]>>1);
            }

            if(cov)
            {
                collect_trans_cov(__func__, &b_0, av[base_maxLen_i].ol, &b_1, av[i].ol, ug, read_sg, cov);
            } 
            

            is_hap++;
        }

        if(is_hap > 0)
        {
            i = base_maxLen_i;
            b.b.n = 0;
            get_unitig(g, ug, av[i].v, &convex, &tmp, &ll, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b);

            for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
            {
                g->seq[b.b.a[k]>>1].c = HAP_LABLE;
            }
        }
    }

    asg_cleanup(g);
    asg_symm(g);
    free(b.b.a);
    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);


    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d long tips\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    return n_reduced;
}

uint8_t if_primary_unitig(ma_utg_t* u, asg_t* read_g, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint8_t* r_flag)
{
    if(asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min < 0 || asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max < 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0, C_bases_primary = 0, C_bases_alter = 0;
    long long total_C_bases = 0, total_C_bases_primary = 0;
    uint32_t available_reads = 0, k, j, rId, tn, is_Unitig;
    ma_hit_t *h;
    if(u->m == 0) return 0;
    total_C_bases = total_C_bases_primary = available_reads = 0;
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 1;
    }

    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        C_bases = C_bases_primary = C_bases_alter = 0;
        R_bases = coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s;
        for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[rId].length); j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[rId].buffer[j]);
            if(h->el != 1) continue;
            tn = Get_tn((*h));
            if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
            {
                ///get the id of read that contains it 
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            }
            if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            if(r_flag[tn])
            {
                C_bases_primary += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
            }
            else
            {
                C_bases_alter += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
            }
        }

        C_bases = C_bases_primary + C_bases_alter;
        total_C_bases += C_bases; 
        ///if(C_bases_primary < C_bases * ALTER_COV_THRES) continue;

        C_bases = C_bases/R_bases;
        if(C_bases >= asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min && C_bases <= asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max)
        {
            if(C_bases_primary >= (C_bases_primary + C_bases_alter) * ALTER_COV_THRES) available_reads++;
            total_C_bases_primary += C_bases_primary;
        }
    }

    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        r_flag[rId] = 0;
    }

    ///fprintf(stderr, "available_reads: %u, u->n: %u\n", available_reads, u->n);

    //if(available_reads < (u->n * 0.8) || available_reads == 0)
    if(((available_reads < (u->n * 0.8)) && (total_C_bases_primary < (total_C_bases * 0.8))) 
       || available_reads == 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else
    {
        return 1;
    }
}



int magic_trio_phasing(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t positive_flag, float drop_rate)
{
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    uint32_t flag = (uint32_t)-1, flag_occ, non_flag_occ, ambigious, del_node, keep_node;
    if(positive_flag == FATHER) flag = MOTHER;
    if(positive_flag == MOTHER) flag = FATHER;
    uint8_t* primary_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(read_sg->n_seq, sizeof(uint8_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del /**|| g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE**/) continue;
        n_arc = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        if (n_arc < 2) continue;
        del_node = keep_node = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            nsu = &(ug->u.a[av[i].v>>1]);
            get_unitig_trio_flag(nsu, flag, &flag_occ, &non_flag_occ, &ambigious);
            ///we may need it or not
            if((flag_occ <= ((non_flag_occ+flag_occ)*drop_rate))||((flag_occ+non_flag_occ) == 0))
            {
                keep_node++;
                continue;
            }

            if(nsu->n >= 100)
            {
                if(flag_occ < nsu->n*DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES)
                {
                    keep_node++;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            else if(nsu->n >= 50)
            {
                if(flag_occ < nsu->n*DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES*0.5)
                {
                    keep_node++;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if(flag_occ < nsu->n*DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES*0.25)
                {
                    keep_node++;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            
            del_node++; 
        }

        if(keep_node == 0 || del_node == 0) continue;

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            nsu = &(ug->u.a[av[i].v>>1]);

            get_unitig_trio_flag(nsu, flag, &flag_occ, &non_flag_occ, &ambigious);
            ///we may need it or not
            if((flag_occ <= ((non_flag_occ+flag_occ)*drop_rate))||((flag_occ+non_flag_occ) == 0))
            {
                continue;
            }

            if(nsu->n >= 100)
            {
                if(flag_occ < nsu->n*DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES)
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            else if(nsu->n >= 50)
            {
                if(flag_occ < nsu->n*DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES*0.5)
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if(flag_occ < nsu->n*DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES*0.25)
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if(if_primary_unitig(nsu, read_sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, primary_flag))
            {
                continue;
            }

            g->seq[av[i].v>>1].c = ALTER_LABLE;
            asg_seq_drop(g, av[i].v>>1);
            n_reduced++;
        }
    }




    asg_cleanup(g);
    free(primary_flag);
    return n_reduced;
}

int asg_arc_cut_trio_long_equal_tips_assembly_complex(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t stops_threshold, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, in, flag;
    uint32_t return_flag, convex_i, k;
    long long ll, tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;

    buf_t b, b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));


    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i;
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        ///tip
        if (get_real_length(g, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
        if (get_real_length(g, v^1, NULL) != 1) continue;

        b.b.n = 0;   
        return_flag = get_unitig(g, ug, v^1, &convex, &tmp, &ll, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
        &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b);

        if(return_flag != MUL_INPUT) continue;
        in = convex^1;
        get_real_length(g, convex, &convex);
        convex = convex^1;
        uint32_t n_convex = asg_arc_n(g, convex), convexLen = ll;
        asg_arc_t *a_convex = asg_arc_a(g, convex);
        for (i = 0; i < n_convex; i++)
        {
            if(a_convex[i].del) continue;
            if(a_convex[i].v == in) break;
        }
        convex_i = i;
        ///if(convex_i == n_convex) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR1\n");

        for (i = 0; i < n_convex; i++)
        {
            if(a_convex[i].del) continue;
            if(i == convex_i) continue;

            return_flag = get_unitig(g, ug, a_convex[i].v, &convex, &tmp, &ll, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
            &max_stop_baseLen, stops_threshold, NULL);

            if(ll>convexLen  && max_stop_baseLen>=ll*MAX_STOP_RATE)
            {
                flag = check_different_haps(g, ug, read_sg, a_convex[convex_i].v, a_convex[i].v,
                reverse_sources, &b_0, &b_1, ruIndex, miniedgeLen, stops_threshold);

                // #define UNAVAILABLE (uint32_t)-1
                // #define PLOID 0
                // #define NON_PLOID 1
                if(flag != PLOID) continue;
                n_reduced++;

                for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                {
                    g->seq[b.b.a[k]>>1].c = ALTER_LABLE;
                }

                for (k = 0; k < b.b.n; k++)
                {
                    asg_seq_drop(g, b.b.a[k]>>1);
                }

                ///note: we need to remove b_0, insetad of b_1 here
                if(cov)
                {
                    collect_trans_cov(__func__, &b_1, a_convex[i].ol, &b_0, a_convex[convex_i].ol, ug, read_sg, cov);
                } 
                

                ///lable the primary one
                b_0.b.n = 0; 
                get_unitig(g, ug, a_convex[i].v, &convex, &tmp, &ll, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                &max_stop_baseLen, stops_threshold, &b_0);
                for (k = 0; k < b_0.b.n; k++)
                {
                    g->seq[b_0.b.a[k]>>1].c = HAP_LABLE;
                }

                break;
            }
        }

    }

    asg_cleanup(g);
    asg_symm(g);
    free(b.b.a);
    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d long tips\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    return n_reduced;
}


int detect_chimeric_by_topo(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_sg, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long miniedgeLen, uint32_t stops_threshold, float drop_rate,
R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    uint32_t i, k, v_i, v_beg, v_end, selfLen, w1, w2, wv, nw, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, convex_T, read_num;
    asg_arc_t *aw;
    long long ll, tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;

    buf_t b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));


    for (v_i = 0; v_i < n_vtx; ++v_i) 
    {
        v_beg = v_i;
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (g->seq[v_beg>>1].del || g->seq[v_beg>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        if(get_real_length(g, v_beg, NULL) != 1) continue;

        get_real_length(g, v_beg, &w1);
        if(get_real_length(g, w1^1, NULL)<=1) continue;

        if(get_unitig(g, ug, v_beg^1, &v_end, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 
        1, NULL)==LOOP)
        {
            continue;
        }
        selfLen = ll;
        if(get_real_length(g, v_end, NULL) != 1) continue;


        get_real_length(g, v_end, &w2);
        if(get_real_length(g, w2^1, NULL)<=1) continue;

        get_unitig(g, ug, w1, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 
        stops_threshold, NULL);
        if(ll*drop_rate < selfLen) continue;
        if(ll*0.4 > max_stop_nodeLen) continue;

        get_unitig(g, ug, w2, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 
        stops_threshold, NULL);
        if(ll*drop_rate < selfLen) continue;
        if(ll*0.4 > max_stop_nodeLen) continue;

        stops_threshold++;


        w1 = w1^1;wv=v_beg^1;aw = asg_arc_a(g, w1); nw = asg_arc_n(g, w1);convex_T = (uint32_t)-1;
        for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
        {
            if(aw[i].del) continue;

            get_unitig(g, ug, aw[i].v, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 
            stops_threshold, NULL);
            if(ll*drop_rate < selfLen) break;
            if(ll*0.4 > max_stop_nodeLen) continue;

            if((aw[i].v>>1)==(v_beg>>1))
            {
                if(convex_T != (uint32_t)-1) break;
                convex_T = convex;
            }
        }
        if(i!=nw) continue;

        for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
        {
            if(aw[i].del) continue;
            if((aw[i].v>>1) == (v_beg>>1)) continue;

            b_0.b.n = 0;
            get_unitig(g, ug, aw[i].v, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 
            stops_threshold, &b_0);
            ///if(convex == convex_T) break;
            for (k = 0; k < b_0.b.n; k++)
            {
                if((b_0.b.a[k]>>1) == (convex_T>>1)) break;
            }
            if(k != b_0.b.n) break;
            
            if(check_different_haps(g, ug, read_sg, wv, aw[i].v, reverse_sources, &b_0, &b_1, 
            ruIndex, miniedgeLen, stops_threshold)==PLOID)
            {
                break;
            }
        }
        if(i!=nw) continue;





        w2 = w2^1;wv=v_end^1;aw = asg_arc_a(g, w2); nw = asg_arc_n(g, w2);convex_T = (uint32_t)-1;
        for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
        {
            if(aw[i].del) continue;

            
            get_unitig(g, ug, aw[i].v, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 
            stops_threshold, NULL);
            if(ll*drop_rate < selfLen) break;
            if(ll*0.4 > max_stop_nodeLen) continue;

            if((aw[i].v>>1) == (v_end>>1))
            {
                if(convex_T != (uint32_t)-1) break;
                convex_T = convex;
            }
        }
        if(i!=nw) continue;

        for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
        {
            if(aw[i].del) continue;
            if((aw[i].v>>1) == (v_end>>1)) continue;

            b_0.b.n = 0;
            get_unitig(g, ug, aw[i].v, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 
            stops_threshold, &b_0);
            ///if(convex == convex_T) break;
            for (k = 0; k < b_0.b.n; k++)
            {
                if((b_0.b.a[k]>>1) == (convex_T>>1)) break;
            }
            if(k != b_0.b.n) break;

            if(check_different_haps(g, ug, read_sg, wv, aw[i].v, reverse_sources, &b_0, &b_1, 
            ruIndex, miniedgeLen, stops_threshold)==PLOID)
            {
                break;
            }
        }
        if(i!=nw) continue;

        n_reduced++;
        b_0.b.n = 0;
        read_num = 0;
        get_unitig(g, ug, v_beg^1, &v_end, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b_0);
        for (k = 0; k < b_0.b.n; k++)
        {
            g->seq[b_0.b.a[k]>>1].c = ALTER_LABLE;
            read_num += ug->u.a[b_0.b.a[k]>>1].n;
        }

        for (k = 0; k < b_0.b.n; k++)
        {
            asg_seq_drop(g, b_0.b.a[k]>>1);
        }

        if(read_num <= CHIMERIC_TRIM_THRES)
        {
            for (k = 0; k < b_0.b.n; k++)
            {
                g->seq[b_0.b.a[k]>>1].c = CUT;
            }
        }

    }

    asg_cleanup(g);
    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);
    
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d long tips\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
    

    return n_reduced;
}

uint32_t cmp_untig_graph(ma_ug_t *src, ma_ug_t *dest)
{
    uint32_t nv, nw;
	asg_arc_t *av = NULL, *aw = NULL;
    uint32_t v, i, k, n_vtx = dest->g->n_seq*2;
    if(src->g->n_seq!=dest->g->n_seq)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "src->g->n_seq: %u, dest->g->n_seq: %u\n", src->g->n_seq, dest->g->n_seq);
        ///return 1;
    } 
    if(src->g->r_seq!=dest->g->r_seq)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "src->g->r_seq: %u, dest->g->r_seq: %u\n", src->g->r_seq, dest->g->r_seq);
        ///return 1;
    } 
    if(src->g->is_srt!=dest->g->is_srt)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "src->g->is_srt: %u, dest->g->is_srt: %u\n", src->g->is_srt, dest->g->is_srt);
        ///return 1;
    } 
    if(src->g->is_symm!=dest->g->is_symm)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "src->g->is_symm: %u, dest->g->is_symm: %u\n", src->g->is_symm, dest->g->is_symm);
        ///return 1;
    } 
    ///if(memcmp(src->g->seq, dest->g->seq, sizeof(asg_seq_t)*src->g->n_seq)!=0) return 1;

    n_vtx = dest->g->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        if(src->g->seq[v].c != dest->g->seq[v].c)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "src->g->seq[%u].c: %u, dest->g->seq[%u].c: %u\n", 
            v, src->g->seq[v].c, v, dest->g->seq[v].c);
        }

        if(src->g->seq[v].del != dest->g->seq[v].del)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "src->g->seq[%u].del: %u, dest->g->seq[%u].del: %u\n", 
            v, src->g->seq[v].del, v, dest->g->seq[v].del);
        }

        if(src->g->seq[v].len != dest->g->seq[v].len)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "src->g->seq[%u].len: %u, dest->g->seq[%u].len: %u\n", 
            v, src->g->seq[v].len, v, dest->g->seq[v].len);
        }
    }
    

    n_vtx = dest->g->n_seq*2;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        nv = asg_arc_n(src->g, v);
	    av = asg_arc_a(src->g, v);
        nw = asg_arc_n(dest->g, v);
        aw = asg_arc_a(dest->g, v);
        if(get_real_length(src->g, v, NULL) != get_real_length(dest->g, v, NULL))
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, get_real_length(src->g, v, NULL): %u, get_real_length(dest->g, v, NULL): %u\n", 
            v>>1, v&1, get_real_length(src->g, v, NULL), get_real_length(dest->g, v, NULL));
            ///return 1;
        } 

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            for (k = 0; k < nw; k++)
            {
                if(aw[k].del) continue;
                if(av[i].v == aw[k].v) break;
            }

            if(k == nw) return 1;
        }
    }

    n_vtx = dest->g->n_seq;
    ma_utg_t *src_u = NULL, *dest_u = NULL;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        src_u = &(src->u.a[v]);
        dest_u = &(dest->u.a[v]);
        if(src_u->circ!=dest_u->circ) return 1;
        if(src_u->end!=dest_u->end) return 1;
        if(src_u->len!=dest_u->len) return 1;
        if(src_u->n!=dest_u->n) return 1;
        if(src_u->start!=dest_u->start) return 1;
        if(memcmp(src_u->a, dest_u->a, 8*src_u->n)!=0) return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

ma_ug_t* copy_untig_graph(ma_ug_t *src)
{
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = (ma_ug_t*)calloc(1, sizeof(ma_ug_t));
    ug->g = asg_init();
    uint32_t v;

    ug->g->n_F_seq = src->g->n_F_seq;
    ug->g->r_seq = src->g->r_seq;
    ug->g->m_seq = ug->g->n_seq = src->g->n_seq;
    ug->g->seq = (asg_seq_t*)malloc(ug->g->n_seq * sizeof(asg_seq_t));
    memcpy(ug->g->seq, src->g->seq, sizeof(asg_seq_t)*ug->g->n_seq);

    ug->g->m_arc = ug->g->n_arc = src->g->n_arc;
    ug->g->arc = (asg_arc_t*)malloc(ug->g->n_arc*sizeof(asg_arc_t));
    memcpy(ug->g->arc, src->g->arc, sizeof(asg_arc_t)*ug->g->n_arc);

    ug->g->is_srt = src->g->is_srt;
    ug->g->is_symm = src->g->is_symm;
    ug->g->idx = (uint64_t*)malloc(ug->g->n_seq*2*8);
    memcpy(ug->g->idx, src->g->idx, ug->g->n_seq*2*8); 
    asg_cleanup(ug->g);



    ug->u.m = ug->u.n = src->u.n;
    ug->u.a = (ma_utg_t*)malloc(sizeof(ma_utg_t)*ug->u.n);

    ma_utg_t *src_u = NULL, *ug_u = NULL;
    for (v = 0; v < ug->u.n; v++)
    {
        src_u = &(src->u.a[v]);
        ug_u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
        (*ug_u) = (*src_u);
        ug_u->s = NULL;
        ug_u->a = NULL;
        ug_u->m = ug_u->n = src_u->n;

        ug_u->a = (uint64_t*)malloc(8 * ug_u->n);
        memcpy(ug_u->a, src_u->a, 8*ug_u->n);
    }

    /**
    if(cmp_untig_graph(src, ug)) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    return NULL;
    **/
    return ug;
}

asg_t* copy_read_graph(asg_t *src)
{
    asg_t *dest = NULL;
    dest = asg_init();

    dest->r_seq = src->r_seq;
    dest->m_seq = dest->n_seq = src->n_seq;
    dest->seq = (asg_seq_t*)malloc(dest->n_seq * sizeof(asg_seq_t));
    memcpy(dest->seq, src->seq, sizeof(asg_seq_t)*dest->n_seq);

    dest->m_arc = dest->n_arc = src->n_arc;
    dest->arc = (asg_arc_t*)malloc(dest->n_arc*sizeof(asg_arc_t));
    memcpy(dest->arc, src->arc, sizeof(asg_arc_t)*dest->n_arc);

    dest->is_srt = src->is_srt;
    dest->is_symm = src->is_symm;
    dest->idx = (uint64_t*)malloc(dest->n_seq*2*8);
    memcpy(dest->idx, src->idx, dest->n_seq*2*8); 
    asg_cleanup(dest);

    if(src->seq_vis)
    {
        dest->seq_vis = (uint8_t*)malloc(dest->n_seq*2*sizeof(uint8_t));
        memcpy(dest->seq_vis, src->seq_vis, dest->n_seq*2*sizeof(uint8_t));
    }

    if(src->n_F_seq > 0 && src->F_seq)
    {
        dest->n_F_seq = src->n_F_seq;
        dest->F_seq = (ma_utg_t*)malloc(dest->n_F_seq*sizeof(ma_utg_t));
        memcpy(dest->F_seq, src->F_seq, dest->n_F_seq*sizeof(ma_utg_t));
    }
    return dest;
}

void clean_trio_untig_graph(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, long long stops_threshold, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, buf_t* b_0, uint8_t* visit, float density, uint32_t miniHapLen, 
uint32_t miniBiGraph, float chimeric_rate, int is_final_clean, int just_bubble_pop, 
float drop_ratio, uint32_t trio_flag, float trio_drop_rate, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    asg_t *g = ug->g;
    uint32_t is_first = 1;

    redo:
    ///print_untig((ug), 61955, "i-0:", 0);
    asg_pop_bubble_primary_trio(ug, NULL, trio_flag, DROP, cov, 1);
    magic_trio_phasing(g, ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, 2, ruIndex, trio_flag, trio_drop_rate);        
    /**********debug**********/
    if(just_bubble_pop == 0)
    {
        cut_trio_tip_primary(g, ug, tipsLen, trio_flag, 0, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 2);
    }
    /**********debug**********/
    long long pre_cons = get_graph_statistic(g);
    long long cur_cons = 0;
    while(pre_cons != cur_cons)
    {
        pre_cons = get_graph_statistic(g);
        ///need consider tangles
        asg_pop_bubble_primary_trio(ug, NULL, trio_flag, DROP, cov, 1);
        /**********debug**********/
        if(just_bubble_pop == 0)
        {
            ///need consider tangles
            asg_arc_cut_trio_long_tip_primary(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 2, tip_drop_ratio, cov);            
            asg_arc_cut_trio_long_equal_tips_assembly(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, 2, ruIndex, trio_flag, cov);            
            asg_arc_cut_trio_long_tip_primary_complex(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 2, tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, cov);
            asg_arc_cut_trio_long_equal_tips_assembly_complex(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, 2, ruIndex, stops_threshold, cov);
            detect_chimeric_by_topo(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, 2, stops_threshold, chimeric_rate, ruIndex);
            ///need consider tangles
            ///note we need both the read graph and the untig graph
        }
        /**********debug**********/
        cur_cons = get_graph_statistic(g);
    }
    if(just_bubble_pop == 0)
    {   
        cut_trio_tip_primary(g, ug, tipsLen, trio_flag, 0, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 2);
    }

    ///print_debug_gfa(read_g, ug, coverage_cut, "debug_dups", sources, ruIndex, asm_opt.max_hang_Len, asm_opt.min_overlap_Len);

    resolve_tangles(ug, read_g, reverse_sources, 20, 100, 0.05, 0.2, ruIndex, trio_flag, drop_ratio);    
    drop_semi_circle(ug, g, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex);
    all_to_all_deduplicate(ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, trio_flag, trio_drop_rate, reverse_sources, ruIndex, DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES, asm_opt.trio_flag_occ_thres);
    if(is_first)
    {
        is_first = 0;
        unitig_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length(ug->g, drop_ratio);
        goto redo;
    }    
}


void print_graph_statistic(asg_t *g, const char* cmd)
{
    uint64_t n_arc = 0, n_node = 0, size = 0;
    uint32_t n_vtx = g->n_seq, v;

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v)
    {
        if (g->seq[v].del || g->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        n_arc += get_real_length(g, v<<1, NULL) + get_real_length(g, (v<<1)+1, NULL);
        n_node++;
        size += g->seq[v].len;
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "%s->n_node: %lu, n_arc: %lu, size: %lu\n", cmd, n_node, n_arc, size);
}



void clean_primary_untig_graph(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, 
long long stops_threshold, R_to_U* ruIndex, buf_t* b_0, uint8_t* visit, float density, 
uint32_t miniHapLen, uint32_t miniBiGraph, float chimeric_rate, int is_final_clean, 
int just_bubble_pop, float drop_ratio, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    #define T_ROUND 2
    asg_t *g = ug->g;
    int round = T_ROUND;

    redo:
    ///print_graph_statistic(g, "beg");
    ///print_debug_gfa(read_g, ug, coverage_cut, "debug_trans_ovlp_hg002", sources, ruIndex, asm_opt.max_hang_Len, asm_opt.min_overlap_Len);
    asg_pop_bubble_primary_trio(ug, NULL, (uint32_t)-1, DROP, cov, 1);
    if(just_bubble_pop == 0)
    {
        cut_trio_tip_primary(g, ug, tipsLen, (uint32_t)-1, 0, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 2);
    }
    long long pre_cons = get_graph_statistic(g);
    long long cur_cons = 0;
    while(pre_cons != cur_cons)
    {    
        pre_cons = get_graph_statistic(g);
        asg_pop_bubble_primary_trio(ug, NULL, (uint32_t)-1, DROP, cov, 1);
        if(just_bubble_pop == 0)
        {
            ///need consider tangles  
            asg_arc_cut_trio_long_tip_primary(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 2, tip_drop_ratio, cov);              
            asg_arc_cut_trio_long_equal_tips_assembly(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, 2, ruIndex, (uint32_t)-1, cov);   
            asg_arc_cut_trio_long_tip_primary_complex(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 2, tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, cov);   
            asg_arc_cut_trio_long_equal_tips_assembly_complex(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, 2, ruIndex, stops_threshold, cov);
            detect_chimeric_by_topo(g, ug, read_g, reverse_sources, 2, stops_threshold, chimeric_rate, ruIndex);    
            if(round != T_ROUND)
            {
                unitig_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length_topo(g, ug, drop_ratio, asm_opt.max_short_tip, 
                reverse_sources, 0, 1);
            }
        }
        cur_cons = get_graph_statistic(g);
    }    
    if(just_bubble_pop == 0)
    {   
        cut_trio_tip_primary(g, ug, tipsLen, (uint32_t)-1, 0, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 
        2);
    }
    resolve_tangles(ug, read_g, reverse_sources, 20, 100, 0.05, 0.2, ruIndex, (uint32_t)-1, drop_ratio); 
    drop_semi_circle(ug, g, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex); 
    unitig_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length_topo(g, ug, drop_ratio, asm_opt.max_short_tip, reverse_sources, 0, 1);    
    ///print_graph_statistic(g, "end");
    if(round > 0)
    {
        if(round != T_ROUND)
        {
            unitig_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length(ug->g, drop_ratio);        
        }
        round--;
        goto redo;
    }    
}

void set_drop_trio_flag(ma_ug_t *ug)
{
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t k, rId;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            rId = u->a[k]>>33;
            if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] != AMBIGU) continue;
            R_INF.trio_flag[rId] = DROP;
        }
    }
}

void update_unitig_graph(ma_ug_t* ug, asg_t* read_g, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, 
uint8_t is_final_check, float double_check_rate, uint8_t flag, float drop_rate)
{
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq, k, rId, flag_occ, non_flag_occ, hap_label_occ, n_reduce = 1;
    ma_utg_t *u;
    uint8_t* primary_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(read_g->n_seq, sizeof(uint8_t));

    drop_semi_circle(ug, nsg, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex);

    while (n_reduce)
    {
        n_reduce = 0;
        n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            if (nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
            u = &((ug)->u.a[v]);
            if(u->m == 0) continue;
            if((get_real_length(nsg, v<<1, NULL)!=0) 
                && (get_real_length(nsg, ((v<<1)^1), NULL)!=0)) continue;///check tig
            flag_occ = non_flag_occ = hap_label_occ = 0;
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rId = u->a[k]>>33;
                if(read_g->seq[rId].c == HAP_LABLE) hap_label_occ++;
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] == AMBIGU) continue;
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] == DROP) continue;
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] == flag) flag_occ++;
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] != flag) non_flag_occ++;
            }

            ///if(is_final_check && v == 0) fprintf(stderr, "flag: %u, flag_occ: %u, non_flag_occ: %u\n", flag, flag_occ, non_flag_occ);
            
            if(is_final_check == 0 && hap_label_occ == u->n) continue;
            ///if(is_double_check && non_flag_occ < u->n*DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES) continue;
            ///if(is_double_check && non_flag_occ < u->n*double_check_rate) continue;
 
            if(is_final_check)
            {
                if(non_flag_occ < u->n*double_check_rate) continue;
            }
            else
            {
                if(u->n >= 100)
                {
                    if(non_flag_occ < u->n*double_check_rate)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                else if(u->n >= 50)
                {
                    if(non_flag_occ < u->n*double_check_rate*0.5)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if(non_flag_occ < u->n*double_check_rate*0.25)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if(non_flag_occ > ((non_flag_occ+flag_occ)*drop_rate))
            {
                
                if(if_primary_unitig(u, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, primary_flag))
                {
                    continue;
                }

                if(u->m != 0)
                {
                    u->circ = u->end = u->len = u->m = u->n = u->start = 0;
                    free(u->a);
                    u->a = NULL;
                }
                asg_seq_del(nsg, v);
                n_reduce++;
            }
        }
    }

    drop_semi_circle(ug, nsg, read_g, reverse_sources, ruIndex);
    asg_cleanup(nsg);
    free(primary_flag);
}


void get_candidate_uids(asg_t* nsg, ma_utg_t* nsu, kvec_t_u64_warp* u_vecs, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    uint32_t k, j, rId, uId, is_Unitig, m;
    uint64_t pre;
    u_vecs->a.n = 0;
    if(nsu->m == 0) return;
    for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
    {
        rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
        for (j = 0; j < reverse_sources[rId].length; j++)
        {
            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(reverse_sources[rId].buffer[j]), &uId, &is_Unitig);
            if(uId==(uint32_t)-1) continue;
            ///contained read
            if(is_Unitig == 0) get_R_to_U(ruIndex, uId, &uId, &is_Unitig);
            if(uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 0) continue;
            ///need this line
            if(nsg->seq[uId].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
            pre = uId; 
            pre = pre | (0x100000000);
            kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs->a, pre);
        }
    }
    if(u_vecs->a.n == 0) return;
    radix_sort_arch64(u_vecs->a.a, u_vecs->a.a + u_vecs->a.n);
    for (m = 0, k = 1; k < u_vecs->a.n; k++)
    {
        if(u_vecs->a.a[k] == u_vecs->a.a[k-1])
        {
            u_vecs->a.a[m] += (0x100000000);
        }
        else
        {
            m++;
            u_vecs->a.a[m] = u_vecs->a.a[k];
        }
    }

    u_vecs->a.n = m + 1;
}

uint32_t unitig_simi(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, ma_ug_t* ug, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    uint32_t k, j, uId, tn, is_Unitig, rId, ref_unitig, min_count, max_count;
    ma_utg_t *nsu_x = NULL, *nsu_y = NULL, *nsu_query = NULL;
    nsu_x = &(ug->u.a[x]);
    nsu_y = &(ug->u.a[y]);

    if(nsu_x->n == 0 || nsu_y->n == 0) return UNAVAILABLE;

    if(nsu_x->n <= nsu_y->n)
    {
        nsu_query = nsu_x;
        ref_unitig = y;
    }
    else
    {
        nsu_query = nsu_y;
        ref_unitig = x;
    }
     
    min_count = max_count = 0;
    for (k = 0; k < nsu_query->n; k++)
    {
        rId = nsu_query->a[k]>>33;
        if(reverse_sources[rId].length >= 0) min_count++;

        for (j = 0; j < reverse_sources[rId].length; j++)
        {
            tn = Get_tn(reverse_sources[rId].buffer[j]);
            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &uId, &is_Unitig);
            if(uId==(uint32_t)-1) continue;
            ///contained read
            if(is_Unitig == 0) get_R_to_U(ruIndex, uId, &uId, &is_Unitig);
            if(uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 0) continue;
            if(uId == ref_unitig)
            {
                max_count++;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    if(min_count == 0) return UNAVAILABLE;
	if(max_count > min_count*DIFF_HAP_RATE) return PLOID;
	return NON_PLOID;
}

void get_unitig_trio_flag(ma_utg_t* nsu, uint32_t flag, uint32_t* require, 
uint32_t* non_require, uint32_t* ambigious)
{
    uint32_t k, rId;
    (*require) = (*non_require) = (*ambigious) = 0;
    for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
    {
        rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] == AMBIGU || R_INF.trio_flag[rId] == DROP)
        {
            (*ambigious)++;
            continue;
        } 
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] == flag)
        {
            (*require)++;
            continue;
        } 
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] != flag)
        {
            (*non_require)++;
            continue;
        } 
    }
}


///note: to use this function, don't renew unitig graph!!!!!!!!!
void all_to_all_deduplicate(ma_ug_t* ug, asg_t* read_g, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, uint8_t postive_flag, float drop_rate, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, float double_check_rate, int non_tig_occ)
{
    

    kvec_t_u64_warp u_vecs;
    kv_init(u_vecs.a);
    uint32_t n_vtx, v, k, is_Unitig, is_tig, uId, rId, convex, flag_occ, non_flag_occ, ambigious, /**is_ambigious,**/ flag, n_reduce = 1;
    asg_t* nsg = NULL;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    nsg = ug->g;
    if(postive_flag == FATHER) flag = MOTHER;
    if(postive_flag == MOTHER) flag = FATHER;
    uint8_t* primary_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(read_g->n_seq, sizeof(uint8_t));
     
    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c==ALTER_LABLE) continue;

        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
        {
            rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, uId, 1, &(read_g->seq[rId].c));
        }
    }

    n_reduce = 1;
    while (n_reduce)
    {
        n_reduce = 0;
        n_vtx = nsg->n_seq*2;
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            
            uId = v>>1;
            nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
            if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
            if(nsg->seq[uId].del) continue;
            if(nsg->seq[uId].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
            is_tig = 1;

            if(get_real_length(nsg, v^1, NULL) == 1)
            {
                get_real_length(nsg, v^1, &convex);
                if(get_real_length(nsg, convex^1, NULL) == 1)
                {
                    is_tig = 0;
                    ///continue;
                } 
            }

            get_unitig_trio_flag(nsu, flag, &flag_occ, &non_flag_occ, &ambigious);
            /**
            is_ambigious = 0;
            if((flag_occ+non_flag_occ)==0 && ambigious > 0)
            {
                is_ambigious = 1;
            }
            else**/
            {
                ///we may need it or not
                if(is_tig == 0 && (int)flag_occ <= non_tig_occ) continue;
                if(flag_occ <= ((non_flag_occ+flag_occ)*drop_rate)) continue;
                if((flag_occ+non_flag_occ) == 0) continue;
                if(nsu->n >= 100)
                {
                    if(flag_occ < nsu->n*double_check_rate)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                else if(nsu->n >= 50)
                {
                    if(flag_occ < nsu->n*double_check_rate*0.5)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if(flag_occ < nsu->n*double_check_rate*0.25)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
            

            get_candidate_uids(nsg, nsu, &u_vecs, reverse_sources, ruIndex);


            if(u_vecs.a.n == 0) continue;

            for (k = 0; k < u_vecs.a.n; k++)
            {
                /**
                if(is_ambigious)
                {
                    get_unitig_trio_flag(&(ug->u.a[(uint32_t)(u_vecs.a.a[k])]), postive_flag, 
                    &flag_occ, &non_flag_occ, &ambigious);
                    if(flag_occ <= ((non_flag_occ+flag_occ)*drop_rate)) continue;
                    if((flag_occ+non_flag_occ) == 0) continue;
                }**/
                if(unitig_simi(uId, (uint32_t)(u_vecs.a.a[k]), ug, reverse_sources, ruIndex)==PLOID)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }

            if(k != u_vecs.a.n)
            {
                if(if_primary_unitig(nsu, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, primary_flag))
                {
                    continue;
                }
                if(nsu->m != 0)
                {
                    nsu->circ = nsu->end = nsu->len = nsu->m = nsu->n = nsu->start = 0;
                    free(nsu->a);
                    nsu->a = NULL;
                }
                asg_seq_del(nsg, uId);
                n_reduce++;
            }
        }
    }

    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }

    kv_destroy(u_vecs.a);
    free(primary_flag);
}

void delete_useless_nodes(ma_ug_t **ug)
{
    asg_t* nsg = (*ug)->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE)
        {
            asg_seq_del(nsg, v);
            if((*ug)->u.a[v].m!=0)
            {
                (*ug)->u.a[v].m = (*ug)->u.a[v].n = 0;
                free((*ug)->u.a[v].a);
                (*ug)->u.a[v].a = NULL;
            }

            continue;
        }

        //note: after cleaning, some cirle might be gone, or we have some new circles
        //so need to renew .circ
        /**
        if(get_unitig(nsg, NULL, (v<<1), &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL)==LOOP)
        {
            (*ug)->u.a[v].circ = 1;
            (*ug)->u.a[v].start = (*ug)->u.a[v].end = UINT32_MAX;
        }
        else
        {
            (*ug)->u.a[v].circ = 0;

            (*ug)->u.a[v].start = (*ug)->u.a[v].a[0]>>32;
            (*ug)->u.a[v].end = ((*ug)->u.a[v].a[(*ug)->u.a[v].n-1]>>32)^1;
        }
        **/        
    }

    asg_cleanup(nsg);
}




void delete_useless_trio_nodes(ma_ug_t **ug, asg_t* read_g, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    asg_t* nsg = (*ug)->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    uint8_t* primary_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(read_g->n_seq, sizeof(uint8_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE &&
          (if_primary_unitig(&((*ug)->u.a[v]), read_g, coverage_cut, sources, 
          ruIndex, primary_flag) == 0))
        {
            asg_seq_del(nsg, v);
            if((*ug)->u.a[v].m!=0)
            {
                (*ug)->u.a[v].m = (*ug)->u.a[v].n = 0;
                free((*ug)->u.a[v].a);
                (*ug)->u.a[v].a = NULL;
            }

            continue;
        }

        //note: after cleaning, some cirle might be gone, or we have some new circles
        //so need to renew .circ
        /**
        if(get_unitig(nsg, NULL, (v<<1), &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL)==LOOP)
        {
            (*ug)->u.a[v].circ = 1;
            (*ug)->u.a[v].start = (*ug)->u.a[v].end = UINT32_MAX;
        }
        else
        {
            (*ug)->u.a[v].circ = 0;

            (*ug)->u.a[v].start = (*ug)->u.a[v].a[0]>>32;
            (*ug)->u.a[v].end = ((*ug)->u.a[v].a[(*ug)->u.a[v].n-1]>>32)^1;
        }
        **/        
    }

    asg_cleanup(nsg);
    free(primary_flag);
}





void drop_semi_circle(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* nsg, asg_t* read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq*2, convex_f, convex_b, i, nv;
    long long ll, tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    buf_t b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) == 0) continue;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v^1, NULL) == 0) continue;

        if(get_unitig(nsg, ug, v^1, &convex_b, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 
                    1, NULL)!=MUL_INPUT)
        {
            continue;
        }

        get_real_length(nsg, convex_b, &convex_b);

        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;

            if(get_unitig(nsg, ug, av[i].v, &convex_f, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 
                    1, NULL)!=MUL_INPUT)
            {
                continue;
            }
            get_real_length(nsg, convex_f, &convex_f);
            if(convex_f != convex_b) continue;
            if(check_different_haps(nsg, ug, read_g, v^1, av[i].v, 
            reverse_sources, &b_0, &b_1, ruIndex, 2, 1) == PLOID)
            {
                av[i].del = 1;
		        asg_arc_del(nsg, av[i].v^1, v^1, 1);
            }
        }
        
    }

    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);

}

void update_hap_label(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* read_g)
{
    uint32_t v, n_vtx, k;
    uint64_t rId;

    if(ug == NULL)
    {
        n_vtx = read_g->n_seq;
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            if(read_g->seq[v].del) continue;
            if(read_g->seq[v].c != HAP_LABLE) continue;
            read_g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        }
        return;
    }


    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c != HAP_LABLE) continue;
        u = &((ug)->u.a[v]);
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            rId = u->a[k]>>33;
            read_g->seq[rId].c = HAP_LABLE;
        }
    }
}


uint8_t* get_utg_attributes(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* read_g, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq, k, j, rId, available_reads = 0, tn, is_Unitig;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h;
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0, C_bases_primary = 0, C_bases_alter = 0;
    uint8_t* r_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(read_g->n_seq, sizeof(uint8_t));
    uint8_t* u_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(uint8_t));
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        available_reads = 0;
        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            rId = u->a[k]>>33;
            r_flag[rId] = 1;
        }

        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            rId = u->a[k]>>33;
            C_bases = C_bases_primary = C_bases_alter = 0;
            R_bases = coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s;
            for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[rId].length); j++)
            {
                h = &(sources[rId].buffer[j]);
                if(h->el != 1) continue;
                tn = Get_tn((*h));
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
                {
                    ///get the id of read that contains it 
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                    if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                }
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                if(r_flag[tn])
                {
                    C_bases_primary += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
                }
                else
                {
                    C_bases_alter += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
                }
            }

            C_bases = C_bases_primary + C_bases_alter;
            if(C_bases_alter < C_bases * ALTER_COV_THRES) continue;

            C_bases = C_bases/R_bases;
            if(C_bases >= asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min && C_bases <= asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max)
            {
                available_reads++;
            }
        }


        if(available_reads < (u->n * 0.8) || available_reads == 0)
        {
            u_flag[v] = 0;
        }
        else
        {
            u_flag[v] = 1;
        }

        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            rId = u->a[k]>>33;
            r_flag[rId] = 0;
        }
    }

    free(r_flag);
    return u_flag;
}


void adjust_utg_by_trio(ma_ug_t **ug, asg_t* read_g, uint8_t flag, float drop_rate,
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, long long stops_threshold, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, float chimeric_rate, float drop_ratio, int max_hang, int min_ovlp,
kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* new_rtg_edges, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    asg_t* nsg = (*ug)->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;    
    hap_cov_t *cov = init_hap_cov_t(*ug, read_g, sources, ruIndex, reverse_sources, 
                                                    coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, asm_opt.purge_level_trio>0?1:0);
    if(cov->t_ch)
    {
        set_r_het_flag(*ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, cov->t_ch);
    }

    if(asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min == -1024)
    {
        asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max = asm_opt.hom_global_coverage/HOM_PEAK_RATE;
        asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min = asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max * 0.85;
        asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max = INT32_MAX;
    }
    if(asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max != INT32_MAX)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] primary contig coverage range: [%d, %d]\n", 
        __func__, asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min, asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max);
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] primary contig coverage range: [%d, infinity]\n", 
        __func__, asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min);
    }
    
    
    adjust_utg_advance(read_g, (*ug), reverse_sources, ruIndex, b_mask_t);
    ///primary_flag = get_utg_attributes(*ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex);
    update_unitig_graph((*ug), read_g, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 0, 
    DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES, flag, drop_rate);

    nsg = (*ug)->g;
    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        nsg->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        EvaluateLen((*ug)->u, v) = (*ug)->u.a[v].n;
    }
    clean_trio_untig_graph(*ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, tipsLen, 
    tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, ruIndex, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, chimeric_rate, 0, 0, drop_ratio, flag, drop_rate, cov);

    
    ///delete_useless_nodes(ug);
    delete_useless_trio_nodes(ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex);

    update_hap_label(*ug, read_g);

    update_unitig_graph((*ug), read_g, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 0, 
    DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES, flag, drop_rate);

    ///if(flag == MOTHER) print_debug_gfa(read_g, *ug, coverage_cut, "debug_trio_1", sources, ruIndex, asm_opt.max_hang_Len, asm_opt.min_overlap_Len);

    renew_utg(ug, read_g, new_rtg_edges);


    if (!(asm_opt.flag & HA_F_BAN_POST_JOIN))
    {
        rescue_missing_overlaps_aggressive(*ug, read_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang,
        min_ovlp, 0, 1, NULL, b_mask_t);

        renew_utg(ug, read_g, new_rtg_edges);

        rescue_contained_reads_aggressive(*ug, read_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, 
        min_ovlp, 10, 0, 1, NULL, NULL, b_mask_t);

        renew_utg(ug, read_g, new_rtg_edges);
    }

    ///if(flag == MOTHER) print_untig_by_read(*ug, "m64043_200627_000137/124716590/ccs", 2789716, NULL, NULL, "beg");
    
    
    update_unitig_graph((*ug), read_g, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 1, 
    FINAL_DOUBLE_CHECK_THRES, flag, drop_rate);

    update_hap_label(NULL, read_g);

    renew_utg(ug, read_g, new_rtg_edges);

    ///delete_useless_nodes(ug);
    delete_useless_trio_nodes(ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex);


    if(asm_opt.purge_level_trio == 1)
    {
		purge_dups(*ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, ruIndex, new_rtg_edges, 
        asm_opt.purge_simi_thres, asm_opt.purge_overlap_len, max_hang, min_ovlp, drop_ratio, 1, 0, 
        cov, 0, 0);
		///delete_useless_nodes(ug);
        delete_useless_trio_nodes(ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex);
	}


    set_drop_trio_flag(*ug);
    destory_hap_cov_t(&cov);
}


int debug_untig_length(ma_ug_t *g, uint32_t tipsLen, const char* name)
{
	uint32_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < g->u.n; ++i) {
		ma_utg_t *u = &g->u.a[i];
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        if(u->n <= tipsLen)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "i: %u, u->n: %u, tipsLen: %u, %s\n", i, u->n, tipsLen, name);
        }
	}

	return 0;
}



ma_ug_t* output_trio_unitig_graph(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name, 
uint8_t flag, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, long long stops_threshold, R_to_U* ruIndex, 
float chimeric_rate, float drop_ratio, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, int is_bench, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+100);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.%s.p_ctg.gfa", output_file_name, (flag==FATHER?"hap1":"hap2"));
    fprintf(stderr, "Writing %s to disk... \n", gfa_name);
    FILE* output_file = NULL;
    if(is_bench == 0) output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");

    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen(sg);

    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges.a);

    adjust_utg_by_trio(&ug, sg, flag, TRIO_THRES, sources, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, 
    tipsLen, tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, ruIndex, chimeric_rate, drop_ratio, max_hang, 
    min_ovlp, &new_rtg_edges, b_mask_t);    

    if(asm_opt.b_low_cov > 0)
    {
        break_ug_contig(&ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
        &asm_opt.b_low_cov, NULL, asm_opt.m_rate);
    }

    if(asm_opt.b_high_cov > 0)
    {
        break_ug_contig(&ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
        NULL, &asm_opt.b_high_cov, asm_opt.m_rate);
    }

    ///debug_utg_graph(ug, sg, 0, 0);
    ///debug_untig_length(ug, tipsLen, gfa_name);
    ///print_untig_by_read(ug, "m64011_190901_095311/125831121/ccs", 2310925, "end");
    ma_ug_seq(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0);
    if(is_bench)
    {
        free(gfa_name);
        kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a);
        return ug;
    }
    ma_ug_print(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, (flag==FATHER?"h1tg":"h2tg"), output_file);
    fclose(output_file);

    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.%s.p_ctg.noseq.gfa", output_file_name, (flag==FATHER?"hap1":"hap2"));
    output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print_simple(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, (flag==FATHER?"h1tg":"h2tg"), output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    if(asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate != 0)
    {
        sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.%s.p_ctg.lowQ.bed", output_file_name, (flag==FATHER?"hap1":"hap2"));
        output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
        ma_ug_print_bed(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, 
        max_hang, min_ovlp, asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate, (flag==FATHER?"h1tg":"h2tg"), output_file, NULL);
        fclose(output_file);
    }

    free(gfa_name);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a);
    return NULL;
}


void output_read_graph(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name, long long n_read)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Writing read GFA to disk... \n");
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+25);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.read.gfa", output_file_name);
    FILE* output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_sg_print(sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, output_file);
    free(gfa_name);
    fclose(output_file);
}


void read_ma(ma_hit_t* x, FILE* fp)
{
    int f_flag;
    f_flag = fread(&(x->qns), sizeof(x->qns), 1, fp);
    f_flag += fread(&(x->qe), sizeof(x->qe), 1, fp);
    f_flag += fread(&(x->tn), sizeof(x->tn), 1, fp);
    f_flag += fread(&(x->ts), sizeof(x->ts), 1, fp);
    f_flag += fread(&(x->te), sizeof(x->te), 1, fp);
    f_flag += fread(&(x->el), sizeof(x->el), 1, fp);
    f_flag += fread(&(x->no_l_indel), sizeof(x->no_l_indel), 1, fp);

    uint32_t t;
    f_flag += fread(&(t), sizeof(t), 1, fp);
    x->ml = t;

    f_flag += fread(&(t), sizeof(t), 1, fp);
    x->rev = t;
    
    f_flag += fread(&(t), sizeof(t), 1, fp);
    x->bl = t;

    f_flag += fread(&(t), sizeof(t), 1, fp);
    x->del = t;
}

int load_ma_hit_ts(ma_hit_t_alloc** x, char* read_file_name)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Loading ma_hit_ts from disk... \n");
    char* index_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(read_file_name)+15);
    sprintf(index_name, "%s.bin", read_file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(index_name, "r");
    if(!fp)
    {
        return 0;
    }


    long long n_read;
    long long i, k;
    int f_flag;
    f_flag = fread(&n_read, sizeof(n_read), 1, fp);
    (*x) = (ma_hit_t_alloc*)malloc(sizeof(ma_hit_t_alloc)*n_read);


    for (i = 0; i < n_read; i++)
    {        
        f_flag += fread(&((*x)[i].is_fully_corrected), sizeof((*x)[i].is_fully_corrected), 1, fp);
        f_flag += fread(&((*x)[i].is_abnormal), sizeof((*x)[i].is_abnormal), 1, fp);
        f_flag += fread(&((*x)[i].length), sizeof((*x)[i].length), 1, fp);
        (*x)[i].size = (*x)[i].length;

        (*x)[i].buffer = NULL;
        if((*x)[i].length == 0) continue;
        
        (*x)[i].buffer = (ma_hit_t*)malloc(sizeof(ma_hit_t)*(*x)[i].length);

        for (k = 0; k < (*x)[i].length; k++)
        {
            read_ma(&((*x)[i].buffer[k]), fp);
        }  
    }

    free(index_name);    
    fclose(fp);
    fprintf(stderr, "ma_hit_ts has been read.\n");

    return 1;
}


void write_ma(ma_hit_t* x, FILE* fp)
{
    fwrite(&(x->qns), sizeof(x->qns), 1, fp);
    fwrite(&(x->qe), sizeof(x->qe), 1, fp);
    fwrite(&(x->tn), sizeof(x->tn), 1, fp);
    fwrite(&(x->ts), sizeof(x->ts), 1, fp);
    fwrite(&(x->te), sizeof(x->te), 1, fp);
    fwrite(&(x->el), sizeof(x->el), 1, fp);
    fwrite(&(x->no_l_indel), sizeof(x->no_l_indel), 1, fp);

    uint32_t t = x->ml;
    fwrite(&(t), sizeof(t), 1, fp);
    t = x->rev;
    fwrite(&(t), sizeof(t), 1, fp);

    t = x->bl;
    fwrite(&(t), sizeof(t), 1, fp);
    t =x->del;
    fwrite(&(t), sizeof(t), 1, fp);
}


void write_ma_hit_ts(ma_hit_t_alloc* x, long long n_read, char* read_file_name)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Writing ma_hit_ts to disk... \n");
    char* index_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(read_file_name)+15);
    sprintf(index_name, "%s.bin", read_file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(index_name, "w");
    long long i, k;
    fwrite(&n_read, sizeof(n_read), 1, fp);


    for (i = 0; i < n_read; i++)
    {
        fwrite(&(x[i].is_fully_corrected), sizeof(x[i].is_fully_corrected), 1, fp);
        fwrite(&(x[i].is_abnormal), sizeof(x[i].is_abnormal), 1, fp);
        fwrite(&(x[i].length), sizeof(x[i].length), 1, fp);
        for (k = 0; k < x[i].length; k++)
        {
            write_ma(x[i].buffer + k, fp);
        }  
    }


    free(index_name);
    fflush(fp);    
    fclose(fp);
    fprintf(stderr, "ma_hit_ts has been written.\n");
}

void write_all_data_to_disk(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, All_reads *RNF, char* output_file_name)
{   
	char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+25);
	sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.ec", output_file_name);
	write_All_reads(RNF, gfa_name);

	sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.ovlp.source", output_file_name);
	write_ma_hit_ts(sources, RNF->total_reads, gfa_name);

	sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.ovlp.reverse", output_file_name);
	write_ma_hit_ts(reverse_sources, RNF->total_reads, gfa_name);

	free(gfa_name);
    fprintf(stderr, "bin files have been written.\n");
}

int load_debug_graph(asg_t** sg, ma_hit_t_alloc** sources, ma_sub_t** coverage_cut, 
char* output_file_name, ma_hit_t_alloc** reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex);
int load_all_data_from_disk(ma_hit_t_alloc **sources, ma_hit_t_alloc **reverse_sources, char* output_file_name)
{
	char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+25);
	sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.ec", output_file_name);
	if (!load_All_reads(&R_INF, gfa_name)) {
		free(gfa_name);
		return 0;
	}
    if((asm_opt.flag & HA_F_VERBOSE_GFA) && load_debug_graph(NULL, NULL, NULL, output_file_name, NULL, NULL))
    {
        (*sources) = NULL;
        (*reverse_sources) = NULL;
        free(gfa_name);
        return 1;
    }

	sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.ovlp.source", output_file_name);
	if (!load_ma_hit_ts(sources, gfa_name)) {
		free(gfa_name);
		return 0;
	}
	sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.ovlp.reverse", output_file_name);
	if (!load_ma_hit_ts(reverse_sources, gfa_name)) {
		free(gfa_name);
		return 0;
	}
	free(gfa_name);
	return 1;
}

// count the number of outgoing arcs, excluding reduced arcs
static inline int count_out(const asg_t *g, uint32_t v)
{
	uint32_t i, n, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
	const asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
	for (i = n = 0; i < nv; ++i)
		if (!av[i].del) ++n;
	return n;
}


void dfs_trans_chain_bub(asg_t *g, hap_cov_t *cov, uint32_t v, uint32_t beg, uint32_t sink)
{
    buf_t *b = &(cov->t_ch->b_buf_0);
    b->b.n = 0;
    if(v == beg || v == sink) return;
    uint64_t *flag = cov->pos_idx;
    asg_arc_t *acur = NULL;
    uint32_t cur, ncur, i;
    v = v << 1;
    kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v);
    while (b->b.n > 0)
    {
        b->b.n--;
        cur = b->b.a[b->b.n];
        if(flag[cur>>1] == 0 && (cur>>1) != (v>>1)) continue;
        flag[cur>>1] = 0;

        ncur = asg_arc_n(g, cur);
        acur = asg_arc_a(g, cur);
        for (i = 0; i < ncur; i++)
        {
            if(acur[i].del) continue;
            if((acur[i].v>>1) == beg || (acur[i].v>>1) == sink) continue;
            if(flag[acur[i].v>>1] == 0) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, acur[i].v);
        }
    }

    v = v + 1;
    kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v);
    while (b->b.n > 0)
    {
        b->b.n--;
        cur = b->b.a[b->b.n];
        if(flag[cur>>1] == 0 && (cur>>1) != (v>>1)) continue;
        flag[cur>>1] = 0;

        ncur = asg_arc_n(g, cur);
        acur = asg_arc_a(g, cur);
        for (i = 0; i < ncur; i++)
        {
            if(acur[i].del) continue;
            if((acur[i].v>>1) == beg || (acur[i].v>>1) == sink) continue;
            if(flag[acur[i].v>>1] == 0) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, acur[i].v);
        }
    }

    b->b.n = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < cov->t_ch->topo_res.n; ++i) //has been sorted
    {
        if(flag[cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i]>>1] == 0)
        {
            flag[cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i]>>1] = (uint64_t)-1;  
        } 
        else
        {
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i]);
        }
    }


    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    // for (i = 0; i < cov->n; ++i) 
    // {
    //     if(flag[i] != (uint64_t)-1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-0\n");
    // }
    /*******************************for debug************************************/
}

void debug_topo_sorting(asg_t *g, hap_cov_t *cov, uint32_t beg, uint32_t sink)
{
    buf_t *b = &(cov->t_ch->b_buf_0);
    uint64_t *flag = cov->pos_idx;
    asg_arc_t *acur = NULL;
    uint32_t cur, ncur, i, k, k_i, v;

    for (k = 0; k < cov->t_ch->topo_res.n; k++)
    {
        v = cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[k];

        b->b.n = 0;
        kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v);
        while (b->b.n > 0)
        {
            b->b.n--;
            cur = b->b.a[b->b.n];

            ncur = asg_arc_n(g, cur);
            acur = asg_arc_a(g, cur);
            for (i = 0; i < ncur; i++)
            {
                if(acur[i].del) continue;
                if((acur[i].v>>1) == (beg>>1) || (acur[i].v>>1) == (sink>>1)) continue;
                kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, acur[i].v);
                if(flag[acur[i].v>>1] == 0)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "\nERROR-1\n");
                    fprintf(stderr, "beg>>1: %u, sink>>1: %u, topo_res.n: %u, v>>1: %u, w>>1: %u\n", 
                                            beg>>1, sink>>1, (uint32_t)cov->t_ch->topo_res.n, v>>1, acur[i].v>>1);
                    for (k_i = 0; k_i < cov->t_ch->topo_res.n; k_i++)
                    {
                        fprintf(stderr, "k_i: %u, topo_res>>1: %u\n", k_i, cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[k_i]>>1);
                    }
                } 
                
            }
        }

        flag[cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[k]>>1] = 0;
    }

    for (k = 0; k < cov->t_ch->topo_res.n; k++)
    {
        flag[cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[k]>>1] = (uint64_t)-1;
    }
}

void topologicalSortUtil(asg_t *g, hap_cov_t *cov, uint32_t beg, uint32_t sink)
{
    buf_t *b = &(cov->t_ch->b_buf_0);
    uint64_t *visited = cov->pos_idx;
    uint32_t v = beg, nv, kv, i;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;

    b->b.n = 0; cov->t_ch->topo_res.n = 0;
    kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v);
    while (b->b.n > 0)
    {
        ///b->b.n--;
        v = b->b.a[b->b.n-1];
        if(visited[v>>1] == (uint64_t)-1)
        {
            visited[v>>1] = 0;
        } 
        
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        for (i = kv = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            if((av[i].v>>1) == (beg>>1) || (av[i].v>>1) == (sink>>1)) continue;
            if(visited[av[i].v>>1] != (uint64_t)-1) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, av[i].v);
            kv++;
        }

        if(kv != 0) continue;
        b->b.n--;
        if(visited[v>>1] != 1)
        {
            kv_push(uint32_t, cov->t_ch->topo_res, v);
            visited[v>>1] = 1;
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < cov->t_ch->topo_res.n; ++i) 
    {
        visited[cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i]>>1] = (uint64_t)-1;
    }

    cov->t_ch->topo_res.n--;//remove beg
    for (i = 0; i < (cov->t_ch->topo_res.n>>1); ++i) 
    {
        v = cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i];
        cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i] = cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[cov->t_ch->topo_res.n - i - 1];
        cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[cov->t_ch->topo_res.n - i - 1] = v;
    }

    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    // for (i = 0; i < cov->n; ++i) 
    // {
    //     if(visited[i] != (uint64_t)-1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-2\n");
    // }
    // debug_topo_sorting(g, cov, beg, sink);
    /*******************************for debug************************************/
}

void chain_origin_trans_uid_s_bubble(buf_t *pri, buf_t* aux, uint32_t beg, uint32_t sink, ma_ug_t *ug, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    if(pri->b.n == 0 || aux->b.n == 0) return;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    uint32_t pri_v, aux_v, nv, i, priBeg, priEnd, auxBeg, auxEnd;
    uint64_t pri_len, aux_len;

    priBeg = priEnd = auxBeg = auxEnd = (uint32_t)-1;
    pri_len = set_utg_offset(pri->b.a, pri->b.n, ug, cov->read_g, cov, 0, 1);
    aux_len = set_utg_offset(aux->b.a, aux->b.n, ug, cov->read_g, cov, 0, 1);

    pri_v = pri->b.a[0]; aux_v = aux->b.a[0];
    av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, beg);
    nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, beg);
    for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
    {
        if(av[i].del) continue;
        if(av[i].v == pri_v) priBeg = av[i].ol;
        if(av[i].v == aux_v) auxBeg = av[i].ol;
    }

    pri_v = pri->b.a[pri->b.n-1]^1; aux_v = aux->b.a[aux->b.n-1]^1;
    av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, sink);
    nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, sink);
    for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
    {
        if(av[i].del) continue;
        if(av[i].v == pri_v) priEnd = pri_len - av[i].ol - 1;
        if(av[i].v == aux_v) auxEnd = aux_len - av[i].ol - 1;
    }

    if(priBeg == (uint32_t)-1 || priEnd == (uint32_t)-1 || auxBeg == (uint32_t)-1 || auxEnd == (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    }

    cov->u_buffer.a.n = cov->tailIndex.a.n = 0;

    kv_resize(asg_arc_t_offset, cov->u_buffer.a, 1);
    cov->u_buffer.a.n = 1;
    cov->u_buffer.a.a[0].Off = priEnd;
    cov->u_buffer.a.a[0].Off <<= 32;
    cov->u_buffer.a.a[0].Off |= auxEnd;

    kv_resize(int32_t, cov->tailIndex.a, 1);
    cov->tailIndex.a.n = 1;
    cov->tailIndex.a.a[0] = 0;

    // uint32_t i_n = cov->t_ch->k_trans.n;

    chain_origin_trans_uid_by_distance(cov, cov->read_g, pri->b.a, pri->b.n, priBeg, &pri_len, aux->b.a, aux->b.n, auxBeg, &aux_len, ug, RC_0, -1024, __func__);
    
    // fprintf(stderr, "\nocc: %u\n", (uint32_t)(cov->t_ch->k_trans.n - i_n));
    // for (i = i_n; i < cov->t_ch->k_trans.n; i++)
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "s-utg%.6ul\t%u\t%u\td-utg%.6ul\t%u\t%u\trev(%u)\n", 
    //     cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].qn+1, cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].qs, cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].qe, 
    //     cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].tn+1, cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].ts, cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].te, 
    //     cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].rev);
    // }
}

void chain_origin_trans_uid_c_bubble(uint32_t query, buf_t *target, buf_t *idx, ma_ug_t *ug, hap_cov_t *cov)
{
    if(target->b.n == 0) return;
    uint32_t qs, qe, ts, te, i, v, ovlp;
    qs = idx->a[query].d; qe = qs + ug->g->seq[query>>1].len;
    uint64_t qlen = ug->g->seq[query>>1].len, tlen;
    cov->u_buffer.a.n = cov->tailIndex.a.n = 0;

    ///uint32_t i_n = cov->t_ch->k_trans.n;
    for (i = 0; i < target->b.n; ++i)
    {
        v = target->b.a[i];
        if(v < query) continue; //avoid dup
        ts = idx->a[v].d; te = ts + ug->g->seq[v>>1].len; tlen = ug->g->seq[v>>1].len;
        ovlp = ((MIN(qe, te) > MAX(qs, ts))? (MIN(qe, te) - MAX(qs, ts)) : 0);
        if(ovlp == 0) continue;
        chain_origin_trans_uid_by_distance(cov, cov->read_g, &query, 1, MAX(qs, ts) - qs, &qlen, 
                                                    &v, 1, MAX(qs, ts) - ts, &tlen, ug, RC_0, -1024, __func__);
    }
    // fprintf(stderr, "\nocc: %u\n", (uint32_t)(cov->t_ch->k_trans.n - i_n));
    // for (i = i_n; i < cov->t_ch->k_trans.n; i++)
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "s-utg%.6ul\t%u\t%u\td-utg%.6ul\t%u\t%u\trev(%u)\n", 
    //     cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].qn+1, cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].qs, cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].qe, 
    //     cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].tn+1, cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].ts, cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].te, 
    //     cov->t_ch->k_trans.a[i].rev);
    // }
}

// in a resolved bubble, mark unused vertices and arcs as "reduced"
static void asg_bub_backtrack_primary_cov(ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t v0, buf_t *b, hap_cov_t *cov, uint32_t is_update_chain)
{
    uint32_t i, k, k_i, v, u, uLen = 0, uCov = 0, uId, rId, ori;
    ma_utg_t* p = NULL;
    trans_chain* t_ch = (is_update_chain?cov->t_ch:NULL);
    ///b->S.a[0] is the sink of this bubble

    ///assert(b->S.n == 1);
    ///first remove all nodes in this bubble
    for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i)
    {
        uId = b->b.a[i]>>1;
        if(uId == (b->S.a[0]>>1)) continue;
        p = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(p->n == 0) continue;

        for (k = 0; k < p->n; k++)
        {
            rId = p->a[k]>>33;
            uCov += cov->cov[rId];
        }
    }

    
    ///v is the sink of this bubble
    v = b->S.a[0];
    ///recover node
    do {
        u = b->a[v].p; // u->v
        if(v != b->S.a[0])
        {
            uId = v>>1;
            p = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
            if(p->n == 0) continue;
            for (k = 0; k < p->n; k++)
            {
                rId = p->a[k]>>33;
                uCov -= cov->cov[rId];
                uLen += cov->read_g->seq[rId].len;
            }
        }
        v = u;
    } while (v != v0);

    uCov = (uLen == 0? 0 : uCov / uLen);

    ///v is the sink of this bubble
    v = b->S.a[0];
    ///recover node
    do {
        u = b->a[v].p; // u->v
        if(v != b->S.a[0])
        {
            uId = v>>1;
            p = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
            if(p->n == 0) continue;
            for (k = 0; k < p->n; k++)
            {
                rId = p->a[k]>>33;
                cov->cov[rId] += (uCov * cov->read_g->seq[rId].len);
            }
        }
        v = u;
    } while (v != v0);


    if(t_ch)
    {
        if(get_real_length(ug->g, v0, NULL) == 2 && get_real_length(ug->g, b->S.a[0]^1, NULL) == 2)
        {
            long long tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen, bch_occ[2];
            uint32_t bch[2], convex[2];
            get_real_length(ug->g, v0, bch);

            ///in rare cases, one side of a bubble might be empty
            if((bch[0]>>1)!=(b->S.a[0]>>1) && (bch[1]>>1)!=(b->S.a[0]>>1))
            {
                get_unitig(ug->g, NULL, bch[0], &convex[0], &bch_occ[0], &tmp, 
                                                    &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);
                get_unitig(ug->g, NULL, bch[1], &convex[1], &bch_occ[1], &tmp, 
                                                    &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);
                if(((bch_occ[0] + bch_occ[1] + 1) == (uint32_t)b->b.n) && 
                        get_real_length(ug->g, convex[0], NULL) == 1 && get_real_length(ug->g, convex[1], NULL) == 1)
                {
                    get_real_length(ug->g, convex[0], &convex[0]);
                    get_real_length(ug->g, convex[1], &convex[1]);
                    if(convex[0] == b->S.a[0] && convex[1] == b->S.a[0])
                    {
                        t_ch->b_buf_0.b.n = 0;
                        get_unitig(ug->g, NULL, bch[0], &convex[0], &bch_occ[0], &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &(t_ch->b_buf_0));
                        for (i = 0; i < t_ch->b_buf_0.b.n; ++i)
                        {
                            uId = t_ch->b_buf_0.b.a[i]>>1;
                            p = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
                            if(p->n == 0) continue;
                            ori = t_ch->b_buf_0.b.a[i]&1;
                            for (k = 0; k < p->n; k++)
                            {
                                t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?((p->a[p->n-k-1])>>33):(p->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
                            }
                        }
                        
                        t_ch->b_buf_1.b.n = 0;
                        get_unitig(ug->g, NULL, bch[1], &convex[1], &bch_occ[1], &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &(t_ch->b_buf_1));
                        for (i = 0; i < t_ch->b_buf_1.b.n; ++i)
                        {
                            uId = t_ch->b_buf_1.b.a[i]>>1;
                            p = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
                            if(p->n == 0) continue;
                            ori = t_ch->b_buf_1.b.a[i]&1;
                            for (k = 0; k < p->n; k++)
                            {
                                t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?((p->a[p->n-k-1])>>33):(p->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
                            }
                        }

                        chain_origin_trans_uid_s_bubble(&(t_ch->b_buf_0), &(t_ch->b_buf_1), 
                                                                        v0, b->S.a[0]^1, ug, cov);
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        topologicalSortUtil(ug->g, cov, v0, b->S.a[0]);
        ///if(cov->t_ch->topo_res.n != b->b.n - 1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-4\n");
        if(cov->t_ch->topo_res.n == 0) return;
        for (i = 0; i < cov->t_ch->topo_res.n; ++i)
        {
            uId = cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i]>>1;
            if(uId == (b->S.a[0]>>1)) continue;

            dfs_trans_chain_bub(ug->g, cov, uId, v0>>1, b->S.a[0]>>1);

            if(cov->t_ch->b_buf_0.b.n == 0) continue;
            chain_origin_trans_uid_c_bubble(cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i], &(t_ch->b_buf_0), b, ug, cov);

            /***********************x***********************/
            uId = cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i]>>1;
            p = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
            if(p->n == 0) continue;
            ori = cov->t_ch->topo_res.a[i]&1;
            for (k = 0; k < p->n; k++)
            {
                t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?((p->a[p->n-k-1])>>33):(p->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
            }
            /***********************x***********************/

            /***********************y***********************/
            for (k_i = 0; k_i < t_ch->b_buf_0.b.n; ++k_i)
            {
                uId = t_ch->b_buf_0.b.a[k_i]>>1;
                p = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
                if(p->n == 0) continue;
                ori = t_ch->b_buf_0.b.a[k_i]&1;
                for (k = 0; k < p->n; k++)
                {
                    t_ch->is_r_het[(ori == 1?((p->a[p->n-k-1])>>33):(p->a[k]>>33))] |= P_HET;
                }
            }
            /***********************y***********************/
        }
    } 
}


// in a resolved bubble, mark unused vertices and arcs as "reduced"
void asg_bub_backtrack_primary(asg_t *g, uint32_t v0, buf_t *b)
{
	uint32_t i, v, qn, tn;
    ///b->S.a[0] is the sink of this bubble
    uint32_t tmp_c = g->seq[b->S.a[0]>>1].c;

	///assert(b->S.n == 1);
	///first remove all nodes in this bubble
	for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i)
    {
        g->seq[b->b.a[i]>>1].c = ALTER_LABLE;
    }

    ///v is the sink of this bubble
	v = b->S.a[0];
	///recover node
	do {
		uint32_t u = b->a[v].p; // u->v
        /****************************may have hap bugs********************************/
		////g->seq[v>>1].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        g->seq[v>>1].c = HAP_LABLE;
        /****************************may have hap bugs********************************/
		v = u;
	} while (v != v0);
    ///especially for unitig graph, don't label beg and sink node of a bubble as HAP_LABLE
    ///since in unitig graph, a node may consist of a lot of reads
    g->seq[b->S.a[0]>>1].c = tmp_c;

    ///remove all edges (self/reverse for each edge) in this bubble
	for (i = 0; i < b->e.n; ++i) {
		asg_arc_t *a = &g->arc[b->e.a[i]];
        qn = a->ul>>33;
        tn = a->v>>1;
        if(g->seq[qn].c == ALTER_LABLE && g->seq[tn].c == ALTER_LABLE)
        {
            continue;
        }
		///remove this edge self
		a->del = 1;
		///remove the reverse direction
		asg_arc_del(g, a->v^1, a->ul>>32^1, 1);
	}

    ///v is the sink of this bubble
	v = b->S.a[0];
	///recover node
	do {
		uint32_t u = b->a[v].p; // u->v
		g->seq[v>>1].del = 0;
		asg_arc_del(g, u, v, 0);
		asg_arc_del(g, v^1, u^1, 0);
		v = u;
	} while (v != v0);
}


// in a resolved bubble, mark unused vertices and arcs as "reduced"
void asg_bub_backtrack_primary_length(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *utg, uint32_t v0, buf_t *b, uint64_t* path_base_len, uint64_t* path_nodes)
{
	uint32_t i, v, u, nv;
    uint64_t len = 0, node = 0;
    ///b->S.a[0] is the sink of this bubble
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;

    ///v is the sink of this bubble
	v = b->S.a[0];
    len = 0;
	///recover node
    while (1)
    {
        u = b->a[v].p; // u->v
        if(u == v0) break;
        if(v == b->S.a[0])
        {
            len += g->seq[u>>1].len;
        } 
        else
        {
            nv = asg_arc_n(g, u);
            av = asg_arc_a(g, u);
            for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
            {
                if(av[i].del) continue;
                if(av[i].v == v) break;
            }
            ///if(i == nv) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
            len += (uint32_t)av[i].ul;
        }

        if(utg)
        {
            node += utg->u.a[u>>1].n;
        }
        else
        {
            node++;
        }
         
        v = u;
    }
    
    if(path_base_len) (*path_base_len) = len;
    if(path_nodes) (*path_nodes) = node;
}


// in a resolved bubble, mark unused vertices and arcs as "reduced"
int asg_bub_backtrack_check_switch(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *utg, uint32_t v0, buf_t *b)
{
	uint32_t v, k, rId, father_occ = 0, mother_occ = 0;
    ma_utg_t* p = NULL;
    ///b->S.a[0] is the sink of this bubble
    ///v is the sink of this bubble
    v = b->S.a[0];
    ///recover node
    do {
        uint32_t u = b->a[v].p; // u->v
        if(v != b->S.a[0])
        {
            p = &(utg->u.a[v>>1]);
            for (k = 0; k < p->n; k++)
            {
                rId = p->a[k]>>33;
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] == FATHER) father_occ++;
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] == MOTHER) mother_occ++;
                if(R_INF.trio_flag[rId] != AMBIGU) continue;
                R_INF.trio_flag[rId] = DROP;
            }
        }
        v = u;
    } while (v != v0);

    if(father_occ > 0 && mother_occ > 0) return 1;

    return 0;
}

// pop bubbles from vertex v0; the graph MJUST BE symmetric: if u->v present, v'->u' must be present as well
uint64_t asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio_switch_check(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *utg, uint32_t v0, uint64_t max_dist, buf_t *b, 
uint32_t positive_flag, uint32_t negative_flag, uint32_t is_pop, uint64_t* path_base_len, uint64_t* path_nodes,
int* is_switch)
{   
	uint32_t i, n_pending = 0, /**is_first = 1,**/ cur_m, cur_c, cur_np, cur_nc, to_replace, n_tips, tip_end;
	uint64_t n_pop = 0;
    long long cur_weight = -1, max_weight = -1;
	///if this node has been deleted
	if (g->seq[v0>>1].del || g->seq[v0>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) return 0; // already deleted
	///if ((uint32_t)g->idx[v0] < 2) return 0; // no bubbles
    if(get_real_length(g, v0, NULL)<2) return 0;
	///S saves nodes with all incoming edges visited
	b->S.n = b->T.n = b->b.n = b->e.n = 0;
	///for each node, b->a saves all related information
	b->a[v0].c = b->a[v0].d = b->a[v0].m = b->a[v0].nc = b->a[v0].np = 0;
	///b->S is the nodes with all incoming edges visited
	kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, v0);
    n_tips = 0;
    tip_end = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t non_positive_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(positive_flag == FATHER) non_positive_flag = MOTHER;
    if(positive_flag == MOTHER) non_positive_flag = FATHER;

	do {
		///v is a node that all incoming edges have been visited
		///d is the distance from v0 to v
		uint32_t v = kv_pop(b->S), d = b->a[v].d, c = b->a[v].c, m = b->a[v].m, nc = b->a[v].nc, np = b->a[v].np;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		///why we have this assert?
		///assert(nv > 0);
		///all out-edges of v
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) { // loop through v's neighbors
			/**
			p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
								qn            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
												(in the view of query)
			p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
								tn             reverse direction of overlap
											(in the view of target)
			p->ol: overlap length
			**/
            ///if this edge has been deleted
			if (av[i].del) continue;

			uint32_t w = av[i].v, l = (uint32_t)av[i].ul; // v->w with length l
			binfo_t *t = &b->a[w];
			///that means there is a circle, directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			///if (w == v0) goto pop_reset;
            if ((w>>1) == (v0>>1)) goto pop_reset;
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            ///important when poping at long untig graph
            // if(is_first) l = 0;
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/

			

			///push the edge
            ///high 32-bit of g->idx[v] is the start point of v's edges
            //so here is the point of this specfic edge
			kv_push(uint32_t, b->e, (g->idx[v]>>32) + i);
			///find a too far path? directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			if (d + l > max_dist) break; // too far

            ///if this node
			if (t->s == 0) { // this vertex has never been visited
				kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, w); // save it for revert
				///t->p is the parent node of 
				///t->s = 1 means w has been visited
				///d is len(v0->v), l is len(v->w), so t->d is len(v0->w)
				t->p = v, t->s = 1, t->d = d + l;
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                cur_c = cur_m = cur_np = 0; cur_nc = 1;
                if(utg)
                {
                    cur_c = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, positive_flag);
                    cur_m = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, negative_flag);
                    cur_np = 0; 
                    if(non_positive_flag != (uint32_t)-1) 
                    {
                        cur_np = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, non_positive_flag);
                    }
                    cur_nc = utg->u.a[(w>>1)].n;
                }
                

                t->c = c + cur_c;
                t->m = m + cur_m;
                t->nc = nc + cur_nc;
                t->np = np + cur_np;
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
				///incoming edges of w
				///t->r = count_out(g, w^1);
                t->r = get_real_length(g, w^1, NULL);
				++n_pending;
			} else { // visited before
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                cur_c = cur_m = cur_np = 0; cur_nc = 1;
                if(utg)
                {
                    cur_c = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, positive_flag);
                    cur_m = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, negative_flag);
                    cur_np = 0; 
                    if(non_positive_flag != (uint32_t)-1) 
                    {
                        cur_np = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, non_positive_flag);
                    }
                    cur_nc = utg->u.a[(w>>1)].n;
                }
                ///BUG: select the path with less negative_flag, less non_positive_flag, more positive_flag, more distance
                ///FIXED: select the path with less (negative_flag+non_positive_flag), more positive_flag, more distance
                to_replace = 0;

                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                cur_weight = (long long)(c + cur_c) - ((long long)(m + cur_m) + (long long)(np + cur_np));
                max_weight = (long long)t->c - ((long long)t->m + (long long)t->np);
                if(cur_weight > max_weight)
                {
                    to_replace = 1;
                }
                else if(cur_weight == max_weight)
                {
                    if(nc + cur_nc > t->nc)
                    {
                        to_replace = 1;
                    }
                    else if(nc + cur_nc == t->nc)
                    {
                        if(d + l > t->d)
                        {
                            to_replace = 1;
                        }
                    }
                }
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/

                /**
                if(((m + cur_m) + (np + cur_np)) < (t->m + t->np))
                {
                    to_replace = 1;
                }
                else if(((m + cur_m) + (np + cur_np)) == (t->m + t->np))
                {
                    if(c + cur_c > t->c)
                    {
                        to_replace = 1;
                    }
                    else if(c + cur_c == t->c)
                    {
                        if(nc + cur_nc > t->nc)
                        {
                            to_replace = 1;
                        }
                        else if(nc + cur_nc == t->nc)
                        {
                            if(d + l > t->d)
                            {
                                to_replace = 1;
                            }
                        }
                        
                    }
                }
                **/
                

                if(to_replace)
                {
                    t->p = v;
                    t->m = m + cur_m;
                    t->c = c + cur_c;
                    t->nc = nc + cur_nc;
                    t->np = np + cur_np;
                }
				///c is the weight (is very likely the number of node in this edge) of the parent node
				///select the longest edge (longest meams most reads/longest edge)
                // if (c + 1 > t->c || (c + 1 == t->c && d + l > t->d)) t->p = v;
				// if (c + 1 > t->c) t->c = c + 1;
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
				///update len(v0->w)
                ///node: t->d is not the length from this node's parent
                ///it is the shortest edge
				if (d + l < t->d) t->d = d + l; // update dist
			}
			///assert(t->r > 0);
			//if all incoming edges of w have visited
			//push it to b->S
			if (--(t->r) == 0) {
                uint32_t x = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
                if(x > 0)
                {
                    kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, w);
                }
                else
                {
                    ///at most one tip
                    if(n_tips != 0) goto pop_reset;
                    n_tips++;
                    tip_end = w;
                }
                /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
				--n_pending;
			}
		}
        // is_first = 0;
        //if found a tip
        /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
        if(n_tips == 1)
        {
            if(tip_end != (uint32_t)-1 && n_pending == 0 && b->S.n == 0)
            {
                kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, tip_end);
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                goto pop_reset;
            }
        }
        /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
		///if i < nv, that means (d + l > max_dist)
		if (i < nv || b->S.n == 0) goto pop_reset;
	} while (b->S.n > 1 || n_pending);

    if(is_switch) (*is_switch) = asg_bub_backtrack_check_switch(g, utg, v0, b);
	if(is_pop) asg_bub_backtrack_primary(g, v0, b);
    if(path_base_len || path_nodes) asg_bub_backtrack_primary_length(g, utg, v0, b, path_base_len, path_nodes);
    

    n_pop = 1;
pop_reset:
	for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i) { // clear the states of visited vertices
		binfo_t *t = &b->a[b->b.a[i]];
		t->s = t->c = t->d = t->m = t->nc = t->np = 0;
	}
	return n_pop;
}


int bub_complex_hamming(asg_t *sg, ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t beg_utg, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, kvec_t_u32_warp* stack, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint8_t* trio_flag, uint8_t* vis_flag, kv_asg_arc_t* e, buf_t *b, uint64_t tLen)
{
    uint32_t k_i, k_j, k_v, rID;
    int is_switch_0, is_switch_1;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    
    is_switch_0 = is_switch_1 = 1;
    asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio_switch_check(ug->g, ug, beg_utg, tLen, b, FATHER, DROP, 0, NULL, NULL, &is_switch_0);

    if(is_switch_0 == 0)
    {
        asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio_switch_check(ug->g, ug, beg_utg, tLen, b, MOTHER, DROP, 0, NULL, NULL, &is_switch_1);
    } 
    

    for (k_i = 0; k_i < b->b.n; k_i++)
    {
        if((b->b.a[k_i]>>1)==(beg_utg>>1) || (b->b.a[k_i]>>1)==(b->S.a[0]>>1)) continue;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[b->b.a[k_i]>>1]);
        for (k_j = 0; k_j < nsu->n; k_j++)
        {
            rID = nsu->a[k_j]>>33;
            if(R_INF.trio_flag[rID] == DROP) R_INF.trio_flag[rID] = AMBIGU;
        }
    }
    
    if(is_switch_0 == 0 && is_switch_1 == 0) return 0;



    uint32_t i, sink_utg, begRid, sinkRid;
    sink_utg = b->S.a[0]^1;

    if(beg_utg&1)
    {
        begRid = ug->u.a[beg_utg>>1].start^1;
    }
    else
    {
        begRid = ug->u.a[beg_utg>>1].end^1;
    }

    if(sink_utg&1)
    {
        sinkRid = ug->u.a[sink_utg>>1].start;
    }
    else
    {
        sinkRid = ug->u.a[sink_utg>>1].end;
    }




    asg_arc_t *acur = NULL;
    uint32_t cur, ncur, v, n_vx = sg->n_seq<<1;
    stack->a.n = 0; 
    memset(vis_flag, 0, n_vx);

    kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, begRid);
    while (stack->a.n > 0)
    {
        stack->a.n--;
        cur = stack->a.a[stack->a.n];
        ncur = asg_arc_n(sg, cur);
        acur = asg_arc_a(sg, cur);
        vis_flag[cur] = 1;
        for (i = 0; i < ncur; i++)
        {
            if(acur[i].del) continue;
            if(vis_flag[acur[i].v]) continue;
            if(acur[i].v == sinkRid) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, acur[i].v);
        }
    }
    vis_flag[sinkRid] = 1;


    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    int32_t r;
    asg_arc_t t;
    

    for (k_i = 0; k_i < b->b.n; k_i++)
    {
        if((b->b.a[k_i]>>1)==(beg_utg>>1) || (b->b.a[k_i]>>1)==(b->S.a[0]>>1)) continue;
        // nsu = &(ug->u.a[a[k_i]>>1]);
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[b->b.a[k_i]>>1]);
        for (k_j = 0; k_j < nsu->n; k_j++)
        {
            rID = nsu->a[k_j]>>33;
            for (k_v = 0; k_v < 2; k_v++)
            {
                v = (rID<<1) + k_v;
                if(vis_flag[v] == 0) continue;
                x = &(sources[v>>1]);
                for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
                {
                    h = &(x->buffer[i]);
                    sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
                    st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
                    if(st->del || sg->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;
                    r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                        asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
                
                    ///if it is a contained read, skip
                    if(r < 0) continue;
                    if((t.ul>>32) != v) continue;
                    if(vis_flag[t.ul>>32] == 0 || vis_flag[t.v] == 0) continue;
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, *e, t);
                    get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                                (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, *e, t);
                }

            }
        }
    }

    return 1;
}

void reduce_hamming_error(asg_t *sg, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, long long gap_fuzz)
{
    double index_time = yak_realtime();
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, PRIMARY_LABLE);

    uint8_t* vis_flag = NULL; CALLOC(vis_flag, sg->n_seq*2);
    uint32_t fix_bub = 0;
    kvec_t_u32_warp stack; kv_init(stack.a);
    kv_asg_arc_t e; kv_init(e);
    asg_t *g = ug->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_arc, n_arc_0 = sg->n_arc, nv, i;
    uint64_t n_pop = 0, max_dist;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    buf_t b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    b.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    uint8_t* bs_flag = NULL; CALLOC(bs_flag, n_vtx);
    for (i = 0; i < ug->g->n_seq; i++) ug->g->seq[i].c = 0;
    max_dist = get_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(g, &b);
    

    if(max_dist > 0)
    {
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            if(bs_flag[v] != 0) continue;
            nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            ///some node could be deleted
            if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
            ///some edges could be deleted
            for (i = n_arc = 0; i < nv; ++i) // asg_bub_pop1() may delete some edges/arcs
                if (!av[i].del) ++n_arc;
            if (n_arc < 2) continue;
            if(asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, NULL, v, max_dist, &b, (uint32_t)-1, (uint32_t)-1, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0))
            {
                //beg is v, end is b.S.a[0]
                //note b.b include end, does not include beg
                for (i = 0; i < b.b.n; i++)
                {
                    if(b.b.a[i]==v || b.b.a[i]==b.S.a[0]) continue;
                    bs_flag[b.b.a[i]] = bs_flag[b.b.a[i]^1] = 1;
                }
                bs_flag[v] = 2; bs_flag[b.S.a[0]^1] = 3;
            }
        }

        //traverse all node with two directions 
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) {
            if(bs_flag[v] !=2) continue;
            nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            ///some node could be deleted
            if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
            ///some edges could be deleted
            for (i = n_arc = 0; i < nv; ++i) // asg_bub_pop1() may delete some edges/arcs
                if (!av[i].del) ++n_arc;
            if (n_arc > 1)
            {
                fix_bub += bub_complex_hamming(sg, ug, v, sources, coverage_cut, &stack, 
                max_hang, min_ovlp, R_INF.trio_flag, vis_flag, &e, &b, max_dist);
            }
        }
    }

    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < e.n; i++)
    {
        p = asg_arc_pushp(sg);
        *p = e.a[i];
    }
    if(e.n != 0)
    {
        free(sg->idx);
        sg->idx = 0;
        sg->is_srt = 0;
        asg_cleanup(sg);
        asg_symm(sg);
        asg_arc_del_trans(sg, gap_fuzz);
    }

    free(vis_flag);
    kv_destroy(stack.a);
    kv_destroy(e);
    
    free(b.a); free(b.S.a); free(b.T.a); free(b.b.a); free(b.e.a);
    if (n_pop) asg_cleanup(g);
    free(bs_flag);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);    

    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f] # inserted edges: %u, # fixed bubbles: %u\n", 
                        __func__, yak_realtime() - index_time, sg->n_arc - n_arc_0, fix_bub);

}


uint64_t asg_bub_pop1_label(asg_t *g, uint32_t v0, uint64_t max_dist, buf_s_t *b)
{   
	uint32_t i, n_pending = 0, /**is_first = 1,**/ n_tips, tip_end;
	uint64_t n_pop = 0;
	if (g->seq[v0>>1].del) return 0; // already deleted
    if(get_real_length(g, v0, NULL)<2) return 0;

	///S saves nodes with all incoming edges visited
	b->S.n = b->b.n = b->e.n = 0;
	///for each node, b->a saves all related information
	b->a[v0].d = 0;
	///b->S is the nodes with all incoming edges visited
	kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, v0); n_tips = 0; tip_end = (uint32_t)-1;

	do {
		///v is a node that all incoming edges have been visited
		///d is the distance from v0 to v
		uint32_t v = kv_pop(b->S), d = b->a[v].d;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		///why we have this assert?
		///assert(nv > 0);
		///all out-edges of v
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) { // loop through v's neighbors
            ///if this edge has been deleted
			if (av[i].del) continue;

			uint32_t w = av[i].v, l = (uint32_t)av[i].ul; // v->w with length l
			binfo_s_t *t = &b->a[w];
			///that means there is a circle, directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			///if (w == v0) goto pop_reset;
            if ((w>>1) == (v0>>1)) goto pop_reset;
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            ///important when poping at long untig graph
            // if(is_first) l = 0;
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
			///find a too far path? directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			if ((uint64_t)d + (uint64_t)l > max_dist) break; // too far

            ///if this node
			if (t->s == 0) { // this vertex has never been visited
				kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, w); // save it for revert
				///t->p is the parent node of 
				///t->s = 1 means w has been visited
				///d is len(v0->v), l is len(v->w), so t->d is len(v0->w)
				t->p = v, t->s = 1, t->d = d + l;
				///incoming edges of w
				///t->r = count_out(g, w^1);
                t->r = get_real_length(g, w^1, NULL);
				++n_pending;
			} else { // visited before
                ///it is the shortest edge
				if (d + l < t->d) t->d = d + l, t->p = v; // update dist
			}
			///assert(t->r > 0);
			//if all incoming edges of w have visited
			//push it to b->S
			if (--(t->r) == 0) {
                uint32_t x = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
                if(x > 0)
                {
                    kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, w);
                }
                else
                {
                    ///at most one tip
                    if(n_tips != 0) goto pop_reset;
                    n_tips++;
                    tip_end = w;
                }
                /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
				--n_pending;
			}
		}
        // is_first = 0;
        //if found a tip
        /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
        if(n_tips == 1)
        {
            if(tip_end != (uint32_t)-1 && n_pending == 0 && b->S.n == 0)
            {
                kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, tip_end);
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                goto pop_reset;
            }
        }
        /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
		///if i < nv, that means (d + l > max_dist)
		if (i < nv || b->S.n == 0) goto pop_reset;
	} while (b->S.n > 1 || n_pending);

    n_pop = 1;
pop_reset:
	for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i) { // clear the states of visited vertices
		binfo_s_t *t = &b->a[b->b.a[i]];
		t->s = t->d = 0;
	}
	return n_pop;
}

void debug_asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *utg, uint32_t v0, uint64_t max_dist, buf_t *b, 
uint32_t positive_flag, uint32_t negative_flag, uint32_t found)
{
    buf_t b_new;
    memset(&b_new, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    b_new.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(g->n_seq * 2, sizeof(binfo_t));
    uint32_t n_pop = asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(g, utg, v0, max_dist, &b_new, positive_flag, negative_flag, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
    if(n_pop != found) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");

    free(b_new.a); free(b_new.S.a); free(b_new.T.a); free(b_new.b.a); free(b_new.e.a);
}

uint64_t asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(asg_t *g, ma_ug_t *utg, uint32_t v0, uint64_t max_dist, buf_t *b, 
uint32_t positive_flag, uint32_t negative_flag, uint32_t is_pop, uint64_t* path_base_len, uint64_t* path_nodes, 
hap_cov_t *cov, uint32_t is_update_chain, uint32_t keep_d)
{   
	uint32_t i, n_pending = 0, is_first = 1, cur_m, cur_c, cur_np, cur_nc, to_replace, n_tips, tip_end;
	uint64_t n_pop = 0;
    long long cur_weight = -1, max_weight = -1;
	///if this node has been deleted
	if (g->seq[v0>>1].del || g->seq[v0>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) return 0; // already deleted
	///if ((uint32_t)g->idx[v0] < 2) return 0; // no bubbles
    if(get_real_length(g, v0, NULL)<2) return 0;
	///S saves nodes with all incoming edges visited
	b->S.n = b->T.n = b->b.n = b->e.n = 0;
	///for each node, b->a saves all related information
	b->a[v0].c = b->a[v0].d = b->a[v0].m = b->a[v0].nc = b->a[v0].np = 0;
	///b->S is the nodes with all incoming edges visited
	kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, v0);
    n_tips = 0;
    tip_end = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t non_positive_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(positive_flag == FATHER) non_positive_flag = MOTHER;
    if(positive_flag == MOTHER) non_positive_flag = FATHER;

	do {
		///v is a node that all incoming edges have been visited
		///d is the distance from v0 to v
		uint32_t v = kv_pop(b->S), d = b->a[v].d, c = b->a[v].c, m = b->a[v].m, nc = b->a[v].nc, np = b->a[v].np;
		uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
		///why we have this assert?
		///assert(nv > 0);
		///all out-edges of v
		for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) { // loop through v's neighbors
			/**
			p->ul: |____________31__________|__________1___________|______________32_____________|
								qn            direction of overlap       length of this node (not overlap length)
												(in the view of query)
			p->v : |___________31___________|__________1___________|
								tn             reverse direction of overlap
											(in the view of target)
			p->ol: overlap length
			**/
            ///if this edge has been deleted
			if (av[i].del) continue;
            
			uint32_t w = av[i].v, l = (uint32_t)av[i].ul; // v->w with length l
			binfo_t *t = &b->a[w];
			///that means there is a circle, directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			///if (w == v0) goto pop_reset;
            if ((w>>1) == (v0>>1)) goto pop_reset;
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            ///important when poping at long untig graph
            if(is_first && keep_d) l = 0;
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/

			

			///push the edge
            ///high 32-bit of g->idx[v] is the start point of v's edges
            //so here is the point of this specfic edge
			kv_push(uint32_t, b->e, (g->idx[v]>>32) + i);
			///find a too far path? directly terminate the whole bubble poping
			if (d + l > max_dist) break; // too far

            ///if this node
			if (t->s == 0) { // this vertex has never been visited
				kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, w); // save it for revert
				///t->p is the parent node of 
				///t->s = 1 means w has been visited
				///d is len(v0->v), l is len(v->w), so t->d is len(v0->w)
				t->p = v, t->s = 1, t->d = d + l;
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                cur_c = cur_m = cur_np = 0; cur_nc = 1;
                if(utg)
                {
                    cur_c = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, positive_flag);
                    cur_m = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, negative_flag);
                    cur_np = 0; 
                    if(non_positive_flag != (uint32_t)-1) 
                    {
                        cur_np = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, non_positive_flag);
                    }
                    cur_nc = utg->u.a[(w>>1)].n;
                }
                

                t->c = c + cur_c;
                t->m = m + cur_m;
                t->nc = nc + cur_nc;
                t->np = np + cur_np;
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
				///incoming edges of w
				///t->r = count_out(g, w^1);
                t->r = get_real_length(g, w^1, NULL);
				++n_pending;
			} else { // visited before
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                cur_c = cur_m = cur_np = 0; cur_nc = 1;
                if(utg)
                {
                    cur_c = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, positive_flag);
                    cur_m = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, negative_flag);
                    cur_np = 0; 
                    if(non_positive_flag != (uint32_t)-1) 
                    {
                        cur_np = get_num_trio_flag(utg, w>>1, non_positive_flag);
                    }
                    cur_nc = utg->u.a[(w>>1)].n;
                }
                ///BUG: select the path with less negative_flag, less non_positive_flag, more positive_flag, more distance
                ///FIXED: select the path with less (negative_flag+non_positive_flag), more positive_flag, more distance
                to_replace = 0;

                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                cur_weight = (long long)(c + cur_c) - ((long long)(m + cur_m) + (long long)(np + cur_np));
                max_weight = (long long)t->c - ((long long)t->m + (long long)t->np);
                if(cur_weight > max_weight)
                {
                    to_replace = 1;
                }
                else if(cur_weight == max_weight)
                {
                    if(nc + cur_nc > t->nc)
                    {
                        to_replace = 1;
                    }
                    else if(nc + cur_nc == t->nc)
                    {
                        if(d + l > t->d)
                        {
                            to_replace = 1;
                        }
                    }
                }
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/

                /**
                if(((m + cur_m) + (np + cur_np)) < (t->m + t->np))
                {
                    to_replace = 1;
                }
                else if(((m + cur_m) + (np + cur_np)) == (t->m + t->np))
                {
                    if(c + cur_c > t->c)
                    {
                        to_replace = 1;
                    }
                    else if(c + cur_c == t->c)
                    {
                        if(nc + cur_nc > t->nc)
                        {
                            to_replace = 1;
                        }
                        else if(nc + cur_nc == t->nc)
                        {
                            if(d + l > t->d)
                            {
                                to_replace = 1;
                            }
                        }
                        
                    }
                }
                **/
                

                if(to_replace)
                {
                    t->p = v;
                    t->m = m + cur_m;
                    t->c = c + cur_c;
                    t->nc = nc + cur_nc;
                    t->np = np + cur_np;
                }
				///c is the weight (is very likely the number of node in this edge) of the parent node
				///select the longest edge (longest meams most reads/longest edge)
                // if (c + 1 > t->c || (c + 1 == t->c && d + l > t->d)) t->p = v;
				// if (c + 1 > t->c) t->c = c + 1;
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
				///update len(v0->w)
                ///node: t->d is not the length from this node's parent
                ///it is the shortest edge
				if (d + l < t->d) t->d = d + l; // update dist
			}
			///assert(t->r > 0);
			//if all incoming edges of w have visited
			//push it to b->S
			if (--(t->r) == 0) {
                uint32_t x = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
                if(x > 0)
                {
                    kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, w);
                }
                else
                {
                    ///at most one tip
                    if(n_tips != 0) goto pop_reset;
                    n_tips++;
                    tip_end = w;
                }
                /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
				--n_pending;
			}
		}
        is_first = 0;
        //if found a tip
        /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
        if(n_tips == 1)
        {
            if(tip_end != (uint32_t)-1 && n_pending == 0 && b->S.n == 0)
            {
                kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, tip_end);
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                goto pop_reset;
            }
        }
        /****************************may have bugs for bubble********************************/
		///if i < nv, that means (d + l > max_dist)
		if (i < nv || b->S.n == 0) goto pop_reset;
	} while (b->S.n > 1 || n_pending);


    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
    ///if(keep_d != 0) debug_asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(g, utg, v0, max_dist, b, positive_flag, negative_flag, 1);
    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
    if(cov && utg) asg_bub_backtrack_primary_cov(utg, v0, b, cov, is_update_chain);
	if(is_pop) asg_bub_backtrack_primary(g, v0, b);
    if(path_base_len || path_nodes) asg_bub_backtrack_primary_length(g, utg, v0, b, path_base_len, path_nodes);

    n_pop = 1;
pop_reset:

    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
    ///if(!n_pop && keep_d != 0) debug_asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(g, utg, v0, max_dist, b, positive_flag, negative_flag, 0);
    /****************************may have bugs********************************/

	for (i = 0; i < b->b.n; ++i) { // clear the states of visited vertices
		binfo_t *t = &b->a[b->b.a[i]];
		t->s = t->c = t->d = t->m = t->nc = t->np = 0;
	}
	return n_pop;
}

uint64_t dfs_subgraph(asg_t *g, buf_t *b, uint32_t id, uint32_t *p_bub)
{
    uint64_t len = 0;
    uint32_t cur, nv, v, w, i, kv_0, kv_1, flag_0 = 0, flag_1 = 0;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    (*p_bub) = 0;
    if(b->a[id].s) return 0;
    b->S.n = 0;
    kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, id);

    while (b->S.n > 0)
    {
        b->S.n--;
        cur = b->S.a[b->S.n];
        if(b->a[cur].s) continue;
        b->a[cur].s = 1;
        len += g->seq[cur].len;
        
        v = cur<<1;
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        for (i = kv_0 = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            w = av[i].v>>1;
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            kv_0++;
            if(b->a[w].s) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, w);
        }

        v = (cur<<1)+1;
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        for (i = kv_1 = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            w = av[i].v>>1;
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            kv_1++;
            if(b->a[w].s) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, w);
        }

        if(kv_0 > 0 && kv_1 > 0) flag_0++;
        if(kv_0 > 1) flag_1++;
        if(kv_1 > 1) flag_1++;
    }

    if(flag_0 > 0 && flag_1 > 1) (*p_bub) = 1;
    return len;
}
uint64_t get_bub_pop_max_dist(asg_t *g, buf_t *b)
{
    uint32_t n_vtx = g->n_seq, i, p_bub;
    uint64_t cLen = 0, mLen = 0, tLen = 0;
    
    
    for (i = 0; i < n_vtx; ++i) 
    {
        if(b->a[i].s) continue;
        cLen = dfs_subgraph(g, b, i, &p_bub);
        tLen += cLen;
        if(p_bub == 0) continue;///no bubble
        if(cLen > mLen) mLen = cLen;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < n_vtx; ++i) 
    {
        ///if(b->a[i].s == 0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
        b->a[i].s = 0;
        ///debug_tLen += g->seq[i].len;
    }
    ///if(debug_tLen != tLen) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");

    ///fprintf(stderr, "mLen: %lu, tLen: %lu\n", mLen, tLen);
    b->S.n = 0;
    return mLen;
}

uint64_t dfs_subgraph_advance(asg_t *g, buf_t *b, uint32_t x, uint32_t *p_bub)
{
    uint64_t len = 0;
    uint32_t c_v, e_v, nv, convex, v, i, kv_0, kv_1, flag_0 = 0, flag_1 = 0, op;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen, uLen;
    (*p_bub) = 0;
    if(b->a[x>>1].s || g->seq[x>>1].del) return 0;
    b->S.n = 0;
    kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, x);

    while (b->S.n > 0)
    {
        b->S.n--;
        c_v = b->S.a[b->S.n];
        if(b->a[c_v>>1].s) continue;

        b->b.n = 0;
        op = get_unitig(g, NULL, c_v, &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                                                                    &max_stop_baseLen, 1, b);
        uLen = baseLen;
        for(i = 0; i < b->b.n; i++)
        {
            ///if(b->a[b->b.a[i]>>1].s == 1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 3\n");
            b->a[b->b.a[i]>>1].s = 1;
        } 
        
        if(op == LOOP) return 0;


        e_v = convex^1;
        b->b.n = 0;
        op = get_unitig(g, NULL, e_v, &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                                                                    &max_stop_baseLen, 1, b);
        uLen = MAX(uLen, baseLen);

        len += uLen;

        
        v = c_v^1;
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        for (i = kv_0 = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            kv_0++;
            if(b->a[av[i].v>>1].s) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, av[i].v);
        }

        v = e_v^1;
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        for (i = kv_1 = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            kv_1++;
            if(b->a[av[i].v>>1].s) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, av[i].v);
        }

        if(kv_0 > 0 && kv_1 > 0) flag_0++;
        if(kv_0 > 1) flag_1++;
        if(kv_1 > 1) flag_1++;
    }

    if(flag_0 > 0 && flag_1 > 1) (*p_bub) = 1;
    return len;
}

uint64_t get_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(asg_t *g, buf_t *b)
{
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    uint32_t n_vtx = g->n_seq<<1, k, v, w, kv, nv, p_bub;
    uint64_t cLen = 0, mLen = 0;
    
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(b->a[v>>1].s) continue;
        if(g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;


        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        for (k = kv = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            w = av[k].v^1;
            kv++;
        }
        if(kv == 1 && get_real_length(g, w, NULL) == 1) continue;

        cLen = dfs_subgraph_advance(g, b, v^1, &p_bub);
        if(p_bub == 0) continue;///no bubble
        if(cLen > mLen) mLen = cLen;
    }

    for (k = 0; k < g->n_seq; ++k) 
    {
        // if(b->a[k].s == 0 && !g->seq[k].del)
        // {   
        //     uint32_t convex;
        //     long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
        //     if(get_unitig(g, NULL, k<<1, &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
        //                                                             &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL) != LOOP)
        //     {
        //         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 1\n");
        //     }
        // } 
        b->a[k].s = 0;
    }

    // for (; k < n_vtx; ++k)
    // {
    //     if(b->a[k].s == 1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 2\n");
    // }
    
    ///fprintf(stderr, "mLen: %lu, tLen: %lu\n", mLen, tLen);
    b->S.n = b->b.n = 0;
    return mLen;
}

inline uint32_t get_unitig_s(asg_t *sg, ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, 
long long* nodeLen, long long* baseLen, long long* max_stop_nodeLen, long long* max_stop_baseLen, 
uint32_t stops_threshold, buf_s_t* b)
{
	ma_utg_v* u = NULL; 
    uint32_t v = begNode, w, k;
    uint32_t kv, return_flag, n_stops = 0;
	long long pre_baseLen = 0, pre_nodeLen = 0;
	long long cur_baseLen = 0, cur_nodeLen = 0;
	(*max_stop_nodeLen) = (*max_stop_baseLen) = (*nodeLen) = (*baseLen) = 0;
    (*endNode) = (uint32_t)-1;
	if(ug!=NULL) u = &(ug->u);

    while (1)
    {
        kv = get_real_length(sg, v, NULL);
        (*endNode) = v;
		if(u == NULL) 
		{
			(*nodeLen)++;
		}
		else
		{
			(*nodeLen) += EvaluateLen((*u), v>>1);
		}
        if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v);
		///means reach the end of a unitig
		if(kv!=1) (*baseLen) += sg->seq[v>>1].len;
		if(kv==0)
		{
			return_flag = END_TIPS;
			break;
			///return END_TIPS;
		} 
		if(kv>1)
		{
			return_flag = MUL_OUTPUT;
			break;
			///return MUL_OUTPUT;
		}
        ///kv must be 1 here
        kv = get_real_length(sg, v, &w);
		///means reach the end of a unitig
        if(get_real_length(sg, w^1, NULL)!=1)
		{

			n_stops++;
			if(n_stops >= stops_threshold)
			{
				(*baseLen) += sg->seq[v>>1].len;
				return_flag = MUL_INPUT;
				break;
				///return MUL_INPUT;
			}
			else
			{
				for (k = 0; k < asg_arc_n(sg, v); k++)
				{
					if(asg_arc_a(sg, v)[k].del) continue;
					///here is just one undeleted edge
					(*baseLen) += asg_arc_len(asg_arc_a(sg, v)[k]);
					break;
				}
			}

			cur_baseLen = (*baseLen) - pre_baseLen;
			pre_baseLen = (*baseLen);
			if(cur_baseLen > (*max_stop_baseLen))
			{
				(*max_stop_baseLen) = cur_baseLen;
			}


			cur_nodeLen = (*nodeLen) - pre_nodeLen;
			pre_nodeLen = (*nodeLen);
			if(cur_nodeLen > (*max_stop_nodeLen))
			{
				(*max_stop_nodeLen) = cur_nodeLen;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			for (k = 0; k < asg_arc_n(sg, v); k++)
			{
				if(asg_arc_a(sg, v)[k].del) continue;
				///here is just one undeleted edge
				(*baseLen) += asg_arc_len(asg_arc_a(sg, v)[k]);
				break;
			}
		}
		

        v = w;
        if(v == begNode)
		{
			return_flag = LOOP;
			break;
			///return LOOP;
		} 
    }




	cur_baseLen = (*baseLen) - pre_baseLen;
	pre_baseLen = (*baseLen);
	if(cur_baseLen > (*max_stop_baseLen))
	{
		(*max_stop_baseLen) = cur_baseLen;
	}


	cur_nodeLen = (*nodeLen) - pre_nodeLen;
	pre_nodeLen = (*nodeLen);
	if(cur_nodeLen > (*max_stop_nodeLen))
	{
		(*max_stop_nodeLen) = cur_nodeLen;
	}

	return return_flag;
}

uint64_t dfs_subgraph_s_advance(asg_t *g, buf_s_t *b, uint32_t x, uint32_t *p_bub)
{
    uint64_t len = 0;
    uint32_t c_v, e_v, nv, convex, v, i, kv_0, kv_1, flag_0 = 0, flag_1 = 0, op;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen, uLen;
    (*p_bub) = 0;
    if(b->a[x>>1].s || g->seq[x>>1].del) return 0;
    b->S.n = 0;
    kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, x);

    while (b->S.n > 0)
    {
        b->S.n--;
        c_v = b->S.a[b->S.n];
        if(b->a[c_v>>1].s) continue;

        b->b.n = 0;
        op = get_unitig_s(g, NULL, c_v, &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                                                                    &max_stop_baseLen, 1, b);

        uLen = baseLen;
        for(i = 0; i < b->b.n; i++)
        {
            ///if(b->a[b->b.a[i]>>1].s == 1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 3\n");
            b->a[b->b.a[i]>>1].s = 1;
        } 
        
        if(op == LOOP) return 0;


        e_v = convex^1;
        b->b.n = 0;
        op = get_unitig_s(g, NULL, e_v, &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                                                                    &max_stop_baseLen, 1, b);
        uLen = MAX(uLen, baseLen);

        len += uLen;

        
        v = c_v^1;
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        for (i = kv_0 = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            kv_0++;
            if(b->a[av[i].v>>1].s) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, av[i].v);
        }

        v = e_v^1;
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        for (i = kv_1 = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            kv_1++;
            if(b->a[av[i].v>>1].s) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, b->S, av[i].v);
        }

        if(kv_0 > 0 && kv_1 > 0) flag_0++;
        if(kv_0 > 1) flag_1++;
        if(kv_1 > 1) flag_1++;
    }

    if(flag_0 > 0 && flag_1 > 1) (*p_bub) = 1;
    return len;
}

uint64_t get_s_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(asg_t *g, buf_s_t *b)
{
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    uint32_t n_vtx = g->n_seq<<1, k, v, w, kv, nv, p_bub;
    uint64_t cLen = 0, mLen = 0;
    
    
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(b->a[v>>1].s) continue;
        if(g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;


        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        for (k = kv = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            w = av[k].v^1;
            kv++;
        }
        if(kv == 1 && get_real_length(g, w, NULL) == 1) continue;
        cLen = dfs_subgraph_s_advance(g, b, v^1, &p_bub);
        if(p_bub == 0) continue;///no bubble
        if(cLen > mLen) mLen = cLen;
    }

    for (k = 0; k < g->n_seq; ++k) 
    {
        // if(b->a[k].s == 0 && !g->seq[k].del)
        // {   
        //     uint32_t convex;
        //     long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
        //     if(get_unitig(g, NULL, k<<1, &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
        //                                                             &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL) != LOOP)
        //     {
        //         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 1\n");
        //     }
        // } 
        b->a[k].s = 0;
    }

    // for (; k < n_vtx; ++k)
    // {
    //     if(b->a[k].s == 1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 2\n");
    // }
    
    ///fprintf(stderr, "mLen: %lu, tLen: %lu\n", mLen, tLen);
    b->S.n = b->b.n = 0;
    return mLen;
}


// pop bubbles
int asg_pop_bubble_primary_trio(ma_ug_t *ug, uint64_t* i_max_dist, uint32_t positive_flag, uint32_t negative_flag, hap_cov_t *cov, uint32_t is_update_chain)
{
    asg_t *g = ug->g;
	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_arc, nv, i;
	uint64_t n_pop = 0, max_dist;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
	buf_t b;
	if (!g->is_symm) asg_symm(g);
	memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
	///set information for each node
	b.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    if(i_max_dist) max_dist = (*i_max_dist);
    else max_dist = get_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(g, &b);
    uint8_t* bs_flag = NULL; CALLOC(bs_flag, n_vtx);

    if(max_dist > 0)
    {
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            if(bs_flag[v] != 0) continue;
            nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            ///some node could be deleted
            if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
            ///some edges could be deleted
            for (i = n_arc = 0; i < nv; ++i) // asg_bub_pop1() may delete some edges/arcs
                if (!av[i].del) ++n_arc;
            if (n_arc < 2) continue;
            if(asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, NULL, v, max_dist, &b, (uint32_t)-1, (uint32_t)-1, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0))
            {
                //beg is v, end is b.S.a[0]
                //note b.b include end, does not include beg
                for (i = 0; i < b.b.n; i++)
                {
                    if(b.b.a[i]==v || b.b.a[i]==b.S.a[0]) continue;
                    bs_flag[b.b.a[i]] = bs_flag[b.b.a[i]^1] = 1;
                }
                bs_flag[v] = 2; bs_flag[b.S.a[0]^1] = 3;
            }
        }

        //traverse all node with two directions 
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) {
            if(bs_flag[v] !=2) continue;
            nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
            av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
            ///some node could be deleted
            if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del || g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
            ///some edges could be deleted
            for (i = n_arc = 0; i < nv; ++i) // asg_bub_pop1() may delete some edges/arcs
                if (!av[i].del) ++n_arc;
            if (n_arc > 1)
                n_pop += asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, ug, v, max_dist, &b, positive_flag, negative_flag, 1, NULL, NULL, cov, is_update_chain, 0);
        }
        
        if(VERBOSE >= 1)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] popped %lu bubbles\n", __func__, (unsigned long)n_pop);
        }
    }
    
    free(b.a); free(b.S.a); free(b.T.a); free(b.b.a); free(b.e.a);
    if (n_pop) asg_cleanup(g);
    free(bs_flag);
    return n_pop;
}



int test_triangular_directly(asg_t *g, uint32_t v, 
long long min_edge_length, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    
    uint32_t w;
    int todel;
    long long NodeLen_first[3];
    long long NodeLen_second[3];
    
    asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
    if(av[0].v == av[1].v)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    /**********************test first node************************/
    NodeLen_first[0] = NodeLen_first[1] = NodeLen_first[2] = -1;
    if(asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1) <= 2 && asg_is_single_edge(g, av[1].v, v>>1) <= 2)
    {
        NodeLen_first[asg_is_single_edge(g, av[0].v, v>>1)] = 0;
        NodeLen_first[asg_is_single_edge(g, av[1].v, v>>1)] = 1;
    }
    ///one node has one out-edge, another node has two out-edges
    if(NodeLen_first[1] == -1 || NodeLen_first[2] == -1)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    /**********************test first node************************/
    ///if the potiential edge has already been removed 
    if(av[NodeLen_first[2]].del == 1)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    /**********************test second node************************/
    w = av[NodeLen_first[2]].v^1;
    asg_arc_t *aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
    uint32_t nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
    if(nw != 2)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
    }
    NodeLen_second[0] = NodeLen_second[1] = NodeLen_second[2] = -1;
    if(asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[0].v, w>>1) <= 2 && asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[1].v, w>>1) <= 2)
    {
        NodeLen_second[asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[0].v, w>>1)] = 0;
        NodeLen_second[asg_is_single_edge(g, aw[1].v, w>>1)] = 1;
    }
    ///one node has one out-edge, another node has two out-edges
    if(NodeLen_second[1] == -1 || NodeLen_second[2] == -1)
    {
        return 0;
    }



    todel = 0;
    // if(check_if_diploid(av[0].v, av[1].v, g, reverse_sources, min_edge_length) && 
    // check_if_diploid(aw[0].v, aw[1].v, g, reverse_sources, min_edge_length))
    if(check_if_diploid(av[0].v, av[1].v, g, reverse_sources, min_edge_length, ruIndex) == 1||
    check_if_diploid(aw[0].v, aw[1].v, g, reverse_sources, min_edge_length, ruIndex) == 1)
    {
        todel = 1;
    }
    
    
    
    if(todel)
    {
        ///fprintf(stderr, "v: %u\n", v>>1);
        av[NodeLen_first[2]].del = 1;
        ///remove the reverse direction
        asg_arc_del(g, av[NodeLen_first[2]].v^1, av[NodeLen_first[2]].ul>>32^1, 1);
    }

    return todel;
}



int asg_arc_del_triangular_directly(asg_t *g, long long min_edge_length, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0;

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del)
        {
            continue;
        } 

        if(nv < 2)
        {
            continue;
        }


        n_reduced += test_triangular_directly(g, v, min_edge_length, reverse_sources, ruIndex);
    }

    

    if (n_reduced) {
        asg_cleanup(g);
        asg_symm(g);
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d triangular overlaps\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
    return n_reduced;
}




int asg_arc_del_orthology(asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, float drop_ratio, 
long long miniedgeLen, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0;
    uint32_t idx[2];

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        ///some edges could be deleted
        for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i) // asg_bub_pop1() may delete some edges/arcs
            if (!av[i].del) ++n_arc;
        if (n_arc != 2) continue;

        for (i = 0, n_arc = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (!av[i].del)
            {
                idx[n_arc] = i;
                n_arc++;
            }
        }

        if(check_if_diploid(av[idx[0]].v, av[idx[1]].v, g, reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex) == 0)
        {
            float max = av[idx[0]].ol;
            float min = av[idx[1]].ol;

            if(min < drop_ratio * max)
            {
                av[idx[1]].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(g, av[idx[1]].v^1, av[idx[1]].ul>>32^1, 1);
                n_reduced++;
            }
        }
    }


    
    

    if (n_reduced) {
        asg_cleanup(g);
        asg_symm(g);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d different hap overlaps\n", 
    __func__, n_reduced);
    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);

    return n_reduced;
}




int asg_arc_del_orthology_multiple_way(asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, float drop_ratio, 
long long miniedgeLen, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    ///the reason is that each read has two direction (query->target, target->query)
    uint32_t v, v_max, v_maxLen, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0;

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if (g->seq_vis[v] != 0) continue;
        uint32_t i, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (nv < 2 || g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        n_arc = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        if (n_arc < 2) continue;
        v_max = (uint32_t)-1;
        v_maxLen = 0;

        for (i = 0, n_arc = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if (!av[i].del)
            {
                if(v_max == (uint32_t)-1)
                {
                    v_max = av[i].v;
                    v_maxLen = av[i].ol;
                }
                else if(check_if_diploid(v_max, av[i].v, g, reverse_sources, miniedgeLen, ruIndex) == 0)
                {
                    if(av[i].ol < drop_ratio * v_maxLen)
                    {
                        ///fprintf(stderr, "v: %u, v_max: %u, av[%d].v: %u\n", v>>1, v_max>>1, i, av[i].v>>1);
                        
                        av[i].ol = 1;
                        asg_arc_del(g, av[i].v^1, av[i].ul>>32^1, 1);
                        n_reduced++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (n_reduced) {
        asg_cleanup(g);
        asg_symm(g);
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d different hap overlaps\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    return n_reduced;
}



uint32_t detect_single_path_with_dels_by_length
(asg_t *g, uint32_t begNode, uint32_t* endNode, long long* Len, buf_t* b, long long maxLen)
{
    
    uint32_t v = begNode, w;
    uint32_t kv, kw;
    (*Len) = 0;


    while (1)
    {
        (*Len)++;
        kv = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        (*endNode) = v;

        ///if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
        if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v);

        if(kv == 0)
        {
            return END_TIPS;
        }

        if(kv == 2)
        {
            return TWO_OUTPUT;
        }

        if(kv > 2)
        {
            return MUL_OUTPUT;
        }

        if((*Len) > maxLen)
        {
            return LONG_TIPS;
        }

        ///up to here, kv=1
        ///kw must >= 1
        get_real_length(g, v, &w);
        kw = get_real_length(g, w^1, NULL);
        v = w;
        (*endNode) = v;


        if(kw == 2)
        {
            (*Len)++;
            ///if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v);
            return TWO_INPUT;
        }

        if(kw > 2)
        {
            (*Len)++;
            ///if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v>>1);
            if(b) kv_push(uint32_t, b->b, v);
            return MUL_INPUT;
        }   


        if((v>>1) == (begNode>>1))
        {
            return LOOP;
        } 
    }

    return LONG_TIPS;   
}



long long asg_arc_del_self_circle_untig(asg_t *g, long long circleLen, int is_drop)
{
    uint32_t v, w, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, flag;
    long long ll;
    asg_arc_t *aw;
    uint32_t nw, k;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(is_drop && g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;

        n_arc = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        if (n_arc != 1) continue;

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            ///actually there is just one un-del edge
            if (!av[i].del)
            {    
                flag = detect_single_path_with_dels_by_length(g, v, &convex, &ll, NULL, circleLen);
                if(ll > circleLen || flag == LONG_TIPS)
                {
                    break;
                }
                if(flag == LOOP)
                {
                    break;
                }
                if(flag != END_TIPS && flag != LONG_TIPS)
                {
                    w = v^1;
                    n_arc = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                    if(n_arc == 0)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                    nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                    for (k = 0; k < nw; k++)
                    {
                        if ((!aw[k].del) && (aw[k].v == (convex^1)))
                        {
                            aw[k].del = 1;
                            asg_arc_del(g, aw[k].v^1, aw[k].ul>>32^1, 1);
                            n_reduced++;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (n_reduced) {
        asg_cleanup(g);
        asg_symm(g);
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d self-circles\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
    }

    return n_reduced;
}


long long get_untig_coverage(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, uint32_t* b, uint64_t n)
{
    uint64_t k, j;
    uint32_t v;
    ma_hit_t *h;
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0;
    for (k = 0; k < n; ++k) 
    {
        v = b[k]>>1;
        R_bases += coverage_cut[v].e - coverage_cut[v].s;
        for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[v].length); j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[v].buffer[j]);
            C_bases += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
        }
    }
    return C_bases/R_bases;
}

/**
void copy_untig(asg_t *g, long long times, uint32_t* b, long long n, C_graph* cg)
{
    if(times <= 1) return;

    times--;
    long long i, j;
    uint64_t tmp;
    for (i = 0; i < times; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
        {
            tmp = 
            kv_push(uint64_t, cg->Node, );
            asg_add_auxiliary_seq_set(g, (b[j]>>1), 0);
        }
    }
}
**/

void init_C_graph(C_graph* g, uint32_t n_seq)
{
    kv_init(g->Nodes);
    kv_init(g->Edges);
    g->pre_n_seq = n_seq;
    g->seqID = n_seq;
}

void destory_C_graph(C_graph* g)
{
    kv_destroy(g->Nodes);
    kv_destroy(g->Edges);
}


long long asg_arc_del_simple_circle_untig(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, asg_t *g, long long circleLen, int is_drop)
{
    uint32_t v, w, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2, n_reduced = 0, convex, flag;
    long long ll;
    asg_arc_t *aw;
    uint32_t nw, k;
    buf_t b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    C_graph cg;
    init_C_graph(&cg, g->n_seq);

    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t i, n_arc = 0, nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        ///some node could be deleted
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(is_drop && g->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        if(get_real_length(g, v^1, NULL)<=1) continue;

        n_arc = get_real_length(g, v, NULL);
        if (n_arc != 1) continue;

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            ///actually there is just one un-del edge
            if (!av[i].del)
            {
                b.b.n = 0;    
                flag = detect_single_path_with_dels_by_length(g, v, &convex, &ll, &b, circleLen);
                if(ll > circleLen || flag == LONG_TIPS)
                {
                    break;
                }
                if(flag == LOOP)
                {
                    break;
                }
                if(flag != END_TIPS && flag != LONG_TIPS)
                {
                    if(v == convex && b.b.n > 1)
                    {
                        convex = b.b.a[b.b.n - 2];
                        b.b.n--;
                    }

                    w = v^1;
                    n_arc = get_real_length(g, w, NULL);
                    if(n_arc == 0)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    aw = asg_arc_a(g, w);
                    nw = asg_arc_n(g, w);
                    for (k = 0; k < nw; k++)
                    {
                        if ((!aw[k].del) && (aw[k].v == (convex^1)))
                        {
                            // coverage = get_untig_coverage(sources, coverage_cut, b.b.a, b.b.n);
                            // copy_untig(g, (coverage/asm_opt.coverage), b.b.a, b.b.n, &cg);

                            
                            aw[k].del = 1;
                            asg_arc_del(g, aw[k].v^1, aw[k].ul>>32^1, 1);
                            n_reduced++;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (n_reduced) {
        asg_cleanup(g);
        asg_symm(g);
    }

    free(b.b.a);
    destory_C_graph(&cg);

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] removed %d self-circles\n", 
        __func__, n_reduced);
    }

    return n_reduced;
}



uint32_t* build_unitig_index(asg_t *sg, ma_ug_t *ug)
{
    if(sg == NULL && ug == NULL) return NULL;
    uint32_t* index = (uint32_t*)calloc(sg->n_seq, sizeof(uint32_t));
    uint32_t i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < ug->u.n; ++i) 
    {
        ma_utg_t *u = &(ug->u.a[i]);
        for (j = 0; j < u->n; j++)
        {
            index[(u->a[j]>>33)] = i;
        }
    }
    return index;
}


int double_check_tangle(uint32_t vBeg, uint32_t vEnd, uint32_t* u_vecs, uint32_t n, asg_t *nsg)
{
    uint32_t v, nv, k, i, j;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    if(vBeg != (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        v = vBeg;
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                if((av[k].v>>1)==(u_vecs[i]>>1)) break;
            }
            ///haven't found
            if(i == n) return 0;
        }
    }

    if(vEnd != (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        v = vEnd^1;
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                if((av[k].v>>1)==(u_vecs[i]>>1)) break;
            }
            ///haven't found
            if(i == n) return 0;
        }
    }

    ///scan tangles
    for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
    {
        v = u_vecs[j];
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                if((av[k].v>>1)==(u_vecs[i]>>1)) break;
            }
            if(i == n && av[k].v != (vBeg^1) && av[k].v != vEnd) return 0;
        }



        v = v^1;
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                if((av[k].v>>1)==(u_vecs[i]>>1)) break;
            }
            if(i == n && av[k].v != (vBeg^1) && av[k].v != vEnd) return 0;
        }
    }
    
    return 1;
}

int explore_graph(asg_t *nsg, uint32_t vBeg, float single_threshold,
float l_untig_rate_threshold, long long minLongUntig, long long maxShortUntig, uint32_t ignore_d,
buf_t* bb, uint32_t** r, size_t* rm, size_t* rn, uint8_t* visit, ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t* r_ID)
{
    ///the ID of the end long unitig
    (*r_ID) = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t nv, vBeg_end;
    asg_arc_t *av;

    kvec_t(uint32_t) u_vecs;
    kv_init(u_vecs);
    if(r && rm && rn) kv_reuse(u_vecs, 0, (*rm), (*r));
    
    memset(visit, 0, nsg->n_seq);
    kdq_t(uint32_t) *buf;
    buf = kdq_init(uint32_t);

    uint32_t vEnd, threshold, num_reads = 0, i, k, v, end = (uint32_t)-1, in = 0, vELen, tmp;
    long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;

    bb->b.n = 0;
    if(get_unitig(nsg, ug, vBeg, &vEnd, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, bb)==LOOP)
    {
        ///the length of LOO is infinite
        kdq_destroy(uint32_t, buf); 
        return 0;
    }
    vBeg_end = vEnd;
    threshold = nodeLen;
    for (i = 0; i < bb->b.n; i++)
    {
        Set_vis(visit, bb->b.a[i], ignore_d);
        Set_vis(visit, bb->b.a[i]^1, ignore_d);
    }    
    v = vBeg;

    kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, v);
    while (kdq_size(buf) != 0)
    {
        in++;
        v = *(kdq_pop(uint32_t, buf));

        ///in == 1 means the start node, it is useless
        if(in != 1)
        {
            ///get current untig length
            bb->b.n = 0;
            if(get_unitig(nsg, ug, v, &vEnd, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, bb)==LOOP)
            {
                kdq_destroy(uint32_t, buf);
                return 0;
            }
            vELen = nodeLen;

            ///first long unitig except the start node
            if(if_long_tip_length(nsg, ug, v, &vELen, 
                    minLongUntig, maxShortUntig, l_untig_rate_threshold, threshold)==1)
            {
                if(end == (uint32_t)-1)
                {
                    end = v;
                    continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    in = (uint32_t)-1;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if(vELen > (threshold * single_threshold))
            {
                in = (uint32_t)-1;
                break;
            }

            num_reads = num_reads + vELen;
            if(num_reads > threshold)
            {
                in = (uint32_t)-1;
                break;
            }

            if(r && rm && rn)
            {
                for (i = 0; i < bb->b.n; i++)
                {
                    kv_push(uint32_t, u_vecs, bb->b.a[i]);
                }   
            } 
        }

        tmp = v^1;
        v = vEnd;
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;

            if(av[k].v == vBeg)
            {
                in = (uint32_t)-1;
                goto termi;
            }
            
            if(Get_vis(visit,av[k].v,ignore_d)==0)
            {
                kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, av[k].v);

                bb->b.n = 0;
                get_unitig(nsg, ug, av[k].v, &vEnd, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, bb);

                for (i = 0; i < bb->b.n; i++)
                {
                    Set_vis(visit, bb->b.a[i], ignore_d);
                }
            }
        }

        ///for start node, we just need one direction
        if(in != 1 && ignore_d)
        {
            v = tmp;
            nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
            av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
            for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
            {
                if(av[k].del) continue;

                if(av[k].v == vBeg)
                {
                    in = (uint32_t)-1;
                    goto termi;
                }

                if(Get_vis(visit,av[k].v,ignore_d)==0)
                {
                    kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, av[k].v);

                    bb->b.n = 0;
                    get_unitig(nsg, ug, av[k].v, &vEnd, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, bb);


                    for (i = 0; i < bb->b.n; i++)
                    {
                        Set_vis(visit, bb->b.a[i], ignore_d);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    termi:
    kdq_destroy(uint32_t, buf);
    if(r && rm && rn)
    {
        (*rn) = u_vecs.n;
        (*rm) = u_vecs.m;
        (*r) = u_vecs.a;
    }


    (*r_ID) = end;
    ///in == 1 means the end subgraph is the long untig itself
    ///so here is no tangles
    if(in == (uint32_t)-1 || in == 1)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else
    {
        if(r && rm && rn) return double_check_tangle(vBeg_end, (*r_ID), u_vecs.a, u_vecs.n, nsg);

        return 1;
    }
}

void output_tangles(uint32_t startID, uint32_t endId, uint32_t* a, uint32_t n, const char* lable)
{
    kvec_t(uint32_t) u_vecs;
    u_vecs.a = a, u_vecs.n = n;

    fprintf(stderr, "\n%sstartID: %u, dir: %u\n", lable, startID>>1, startID&1);
    fprintf(stderr, "%sendID: %u, dir: %u\n", lable, endId>>1, endId&1);
    uint32_t ijk;
    for (ijk = 0; ijk < u_vecs.n; ijk++)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "%stangleID: %u, dir: %u\n", lable, u_vecs.a[ijk]>>1, u_vecs.a[ijk]&1);
    }
}


int get_arc(asg_t *g, uint32_t src, uint32_t dest, asg_arc_t* result)
{
    uint32_t i;
    if(g->seq[src>>1].del) return 0;

    uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, src);
    asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, src);
    for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
    {
        if(av[i].del) continue;
        if(av[i].v == dest)
        {
            (*result) = av[i];
            break;
        } 
    }

    if(i != nv) return 1;
    return 0;
}

uint32_t insert_index(asg_t *g, uint32_t v)
{
    uint32_t v_tx = g->n_seq * 2;
    if(v >= v_tx) return (uint32_t)-1;
    if(asg_arc_n(g, v)!=0) return (g->idx[v]>>32) + asg_arc_n(g, v);
    ///now v itself does not have any edge
    while (v < v_tx && asg_arc_n(g, v) == 0){v++;}
    ///means there are no edge at the whole graph
    if(v>=v_tx) return g->n_arc;
    return (g->idx[v]>>32);
}

asg_arc_t* insert_index_p(asg_t *g, long long index, uint32_t m_distance)
{
    ///each edge has two direction
    if (g->n_arc + m_distance > g->m_arc) 
    {
        ///g->m_arc = g->n_arc + (m_distance<<1);
        g->m_arc = (g->n_arc + m_distance)<<1;
		g->arc = (asg_arc_t*)realloc(g->arc, g->m_arc * sizeof(asg_arc_t));
	}
    long long i = g->n_arc; i--;
    for (; i >= index; i--)
    {
        g->arc[i+m_distance] = g->arc[i];
    }

    g->n_arc = g->n_arc + m_distance;

    return &(g->arc[index]);
}

void exchange_arcs(asg_arc_t* x, asg_arc_t* y)
{
    asg_arc_t k;
    k = (*x);(*x) = (*y);(*y) = k;
}

void insert_arc(asg_t *g, long long index, uint32_t m_distance, uint32_t src, uint32_t srcLen, uint32_t dest, 
uint32_t oLen, uint8_t strong, uint8_t el, uint8_t no_l_indel)
{
    asg_arc_t* p;
    uint32_t l;
    long long i;
    p = insert_index_p(g, index, m_distance);
    p->del = !!(0);p->el = el; p->no_l_indel = no_l_indel; p->strong = strong; p->ol = oLen;
    p->v = dest;
    p->ul = src; p->ul = p->ul << 32; l = srcLen - oLen; p->ul = p->ul | l;
    for (i = index - 1; i >= 0 && p->ul <= g->arc[i].ul; i--)
    {
        if((!g->arc[i].del)&&(g->arc[i].v==p->v) && ((g->arc[i].ul>>32)==(p->ul>>32)))
        {
            p->del = !!(1);
            break;
        }
        exchange_arcs(p, &(g->arc[i]));p = &(g->arc[i]);
    }
    

    if(asg_arc_n(g, src) == 0)
    {
        g->idx[src] = index; g->idx[src] = g->idx[src]<<32; g->idx[src] = g->idx[src] | 1;
    }
    else
    {
        g->idx[src] = g->idx[src] + 1;
    }
      
    uint32_t v, v_tx = g->n_seq*2;
    uint64_t add = 1; add = add << 32;
    for (v = src+1; v < v_tx; v++)
    {
        if(asg_arc_n(g, v) == 0) continue;
        g->idx[v] += add;
    }
}

int asg_append_edges_to_srt(asg_t *g, uint32_t src, 
uint32_t srcLen, uint32_t dest, uint32_t oLen,
uint8_t strong, uint8_t el, uint8_t no_l_indel)
{
    uint32_t v_tx = g->n_seq * 2;
    /**
    uint32_t d_i = 0, current_i, next_i, src_n, s_index, e_index;
    while(d_i < v_tx)
    {
        current_i = d_i;
        d_i++;
        src_n = asg_arc_n(g, current_i);
        if(src_n == 0) continue;
        s_index = (g->idx[current_i]>>32);
        e_index = s_index + src_n;

        while (d_i < v_tx && asg_arc_n(g, d_i) == 0){d_i++;}
        if(d_i>=v_tx) break;
        next_i = d_i;


        if(current_i != v_tx)
        {
            if(e_index != (g->idx[next_i]>>32))
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "v_tx: %u, current_i: %u, node: %u, s_index: %u, e_index: %u, g->idx[next_i]>>32: %u\n",
                v_tx, current_i, current_i>>1, s_index, e_index, g->idx[next_i]>>32);
            }
        }
        else 
        {
            if(e_index != g->n_arc)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR2\n");
            }
        }
    }

    for (d_i = 0; d_i < v_tx; d_i++)
    {
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, d_i), s_i;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, d_i);
        asg_arc_t forward, backward;
        for (s_i = 0; s_i < nv; s_i++)
        {
            if(av[s_i].del) continue;
            forward = av[s_i];
            if(get_arc(g, forward.ul>>32, forward.v, &forward) == 0)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR1\n");
            }
            if(forward.del != av[s_i].del || forward.el != av[s_i].el || 
               forward.no_l_indel != av[s_i].no_l_indel ||forward.ol != av[s_i].ol || 
               forward.strong != av[s_i].strong || forward.ul != av[s_i].ul || 
               forward.v != av[s_i].v)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR2\n");
            }

            if(get_arc(g, forward.v^1, (forward.ul>>32)^1, &backward) == 0)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR3\n");
            }

            if(forward.ol != backward.ol)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "forward.ol: %u, backward.ol: %u\n", 
                forward.ol, backward.ol);
            }

        }
    }
    **/


    if (src >= v_tx || dest >= v_tx)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    ///we need to link src--->dest and (dest^1)----->(src^1)
    uint32_t src_i = insert_index(g, src);
    insert_arc(g, src_i, 1, src, srcLen, dest, oLen, strong, el, no_l_indel);


    /**
    if (src >= v_tx || (src^1) >= v_tx || dest >= v_tx || (dest^1) >= v_tx)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    ///we need to link src--->dest and (dest^1)----->(src^1)
    uint32_t src_i = insert_index(g, src);
    insert_arc(g, src_i, 1, src, srcLen, dest, oLen);
    uint32_t dest_i = insert_index(g, (dest^1));
    insert_arc(g, dest_i, 1, dest^1, destLen, src^1, oLen);
    **/
    
    
    ///we need to link src--->dest and (dest^1)----->(src^1)
    /**
    if(src > (dest^1))
    {
        uint32_t src_i = insert_index(g, src);
        insert_arc(g, src_i, src, srcLen, dest, oLen);
        uint32_t dest_i = insert_index(g, (dest^1));
        insert_arc(g, dest_i, dest^1, destLen, src^1, oLen);
    }
    else
    {
        uint32_t dest_i = insert_index(g, (dest^1));
        insert_arc(g, dest_i, dest^1, destLen, src^1, oLen);
        uint32_t src_i = insert_index(g, src);
        insert_arc(g, src_i, src, srcLen, dest, oLen);
    }
    **/

   return 1;
}

void append_ma_utg_t(ma_utg_t* v_x, ma_utg_t* v_y)
{
    if(v_x->m < (v_x->n + v_y->n))
    {
        v_x->m = v_x->n + v_y->n;
        v_x->a = (uint64_t*)realloc(v_x->a, v_x->m * sizeof(uint64_t));
    }
    memcpy(v_x->a+v_x->n, v_y->a, v_y->n*sizeof(uint64_t));
    v_x->n = v_x->n + v_y->n;
    free(v_y->a);
    v_y->m=v_y->n=0;v_y->a=NULL;
}


#define UNROLL 0
#define CONVEX 1
void merge_nodes(ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t startID, uint32_t endId, uint32_t* a, uint32_t n, 
uint32_t type)
{
    ma_utg_t *v_x = NULL, *v_y = NULL;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    kvec_t(uint32_t) u_vecs;
    uint32_t i = 0, maxEvaluateLen = 0, maxBaseLen = 0, v, totalEvaluateLen = 0;
    u_vecs.a = a, u_vecs.n = n;
    if(u_vecs.n > 0) 
    {
        v_x = &(ug->u.a[u_vecs.a[0]>>1]);
        asg_seq_del(nsg, u_vecs.a[0]>>1);
        maxEvaluateLen = EvaluateLen(ug->u, u_vecs.a[0]>>1);
        maxBaseLen = v_x->len;
        totalEvaluateLen += EvaluateLen(ug->u, u_vecs.a[0]>>1);
    }

    
    for (i = 1; i < u_vecs.n; i++)
    {
        v_y = &(ug->u.a[u_vecs.a[i]>>1]);
        if(maxEvaluateLen <= EvaluateLen(ug->u, u_vecs.a[i]>>1))
        {
            maxEvaluateLen = EvaluateLen(ug->u, u_vecs.a[i]>>1);
            maxBaseLen = v_y->len;
        }
        totalEvaluateLen += EvaluateLen(ug->u, u_vecs.a[i]>>1);

        
        append_ma_utg_t(v_x, v_y);
        asg_seq_del(nsg, u_vecs.a[i]>>1);
    }


    if(u_vecs.n > 0)
    {
        i = 0;
        nsg->seq[u_vecs.a[0]>>1].del = !!(0);


        EvaluateLen(ug->u, u_vecs.a[0]>>1) = maxEvaluateLen;
        totalEvaluateLen = totalEvaluateLen / 2;
        if(totalEvaluateLen > EvaluateLen(ug->u, u_vecs.a[0]>>1))
        {
            EvaluateLen(ug->u, u_vecs.a[0]>>1) = totalEvaluateLen;
        }
        IsMerge(ug->u, u_vecs.a[0]>>1)++;


        v_x->len = maxBaseLen;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        nsg->seq[u_vecs.a[0]>>1].len = maxBaseLen;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        v = u_vecs.a[0];

        if(type == UNROLL)
        {
            if(startID != (uint32_t)-1)
            {
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, startID, ug->u.a[startID>>1].len, v, 0, 0, 0 ,0);
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v^1, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, startID^1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
            }
            
            if(endId != (uint32_t)-1)
            {
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, endId, 0, 0, 0 ,0);
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, endId^1, ug->u.a[endId>>1].len, v^1, 0, 0, 0 ,0);
            }
        }

        if(type == CONVEX)
        {
            if(startID != (uint32_t)-1)
            {
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, startID^1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, startID, ug->u.a[startID>>1].len, v^1, 0, 0, 0 ,0);
            }

            if(endId != (uint32_t)-1)
            {
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, endId, 0, 0, 0 ,0);
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, endId^1, ug->u.a[endId>>1].len, v^1, 0, 0, 0 ,0);
            }
        }
    }
}

///return 1 is what we want
///as for return value: 0: do nothing, 1: unroll, 2: convex
#define CONVEX_M 1
#define UNROLL_M 2
#define UNROLL_E 3
inline uint32_t walk_through(asg_t *read_g, ma_ug_t *ug, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long minLongUntig, 
long long maxShortUntig, float l_untig_rate, float max_node_threshold, buf_t* b_0, buf_t* b_1,
kvec_t_u32_warp* u_vecs, uint8_t* visit, uint32_t v, uint32_t* r_beg, uint32_t* r_end, 
uint32_t* r_next_uID, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    (*r_beg) = (*r_end) = (uint32_t)-1;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t i, beg, end, primaryLen, returnFlag;
    long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;

    /*****************************simple checking**********************************/
    beg = v;
    if(nsg->seq[beg>>1].del || asg_arc_n(nsg, beg) <= 0 || get_real_length(nsg, beg, NULL)<=0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    if(get_real_length(nsg, beg^1, NULL) == 1)
    {
        get_real_length(nsg, beg^1, &end);
        if(get_real_length(nsg, end^1, NULL) == 1)
        {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    ///if the contig here is too small
    primaryLen = get_unitig(nsg, ug, beg, &end, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);
    if(primaryLen == LOOP || nodeLen < minLongUntig)
    {
        return 0;
    } 
    primaryLen = nodeLen;
    
    if(get_real_length(nsg, end, NULL) <= 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    /*****************************simple checking**********************************/
    (*r_beg) = beg; (*r_end) = end;
    
    /*****************************adjacent checking**********************************/
    uint32_t nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, end), n_arc = 0, next_uID, next_uID_verify;
    asg_arc_t *aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, end);
    for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
    {
        if(!aw[i].del)
        {
            n_arc++;
            ////we don't want any long tip here
            if(if_long_tip_length(nsg, ug, aw[i].v, NULL, 
                minLongUntig, maxShortUntig, l_untig_rate, primaryLen)==1)
            {
                n_arc = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if(n_arc == 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    /*****************************adjacent checking**********************************/

    ///here all out-nodes of v are small untigs
    if(explore_graph(nsg, beg, max_node_threshold, l_untig_rate, 
    minLongUntig, maxShortUntig, 1, b_0, &(u_vecs->a.a), &(u_vecs->a.m), 
    &(u_vecs->a.n), visit, ug, &next_uID) == 1)
    {
        (*r_next_uID) = next_uID;
        if(next_uID != (uint32_t)-1 && u_vecs->a.n == 1 
                        && IsMerge(ug->u, u_vecs->a.a[0]>>1) > 0)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        ///if next_uID == (uint32_t)-1, that means we found an end subgraph
        if(next_uID != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            ///need to avoid missassembly
            ///merge all tangle as two types: 1. convex; 2, unroll them as a line
            ///should do somthing here, but we just skip it for covenience
            returnFlag = explore_graph(nsg, beg, max_node_threshold, l_untig_rate, 
            minLongUntig, maxShortUntig, 0, b_0, NULL, NULL, NULL, visit, ug, 
            &next_uID_verify);

            if((returnFlag == 1 && next_uID_verify != next_uID) || (returnFlag == 0))
            {
                //output_tangles(beg, next_uID, u_vecs->a.a, u_vecs->a.n, (char*)("###"));
                returnFlag = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                returnFlag = 1;
            }
            
            // #define UNAVAILABLE (uint32_t)-1
            // #define PLOID 0
            // #define NON_PLOID 1
            if(returnFlag == 1 && check_different_haps(nsg, ug, read_g, beg, next_uID, 
                reverse_sources, b_0, b_1, ruIndex, minLongUntig-1, 1) == PLOID)
            {
                ///output_tangles(beg, next_uID, u_vecs->a.a, u_vecs->a.n, (char*)("???"));
                returnFlag = 0;
            }

            if(returnFlag == 0)
            {
                merge_nodes(ug, end, next_uID, u_vecs->a.a, u_vecs->a.n, CONVEX);
                return CONVEX_M;
            }
        }

        ///actually it is not possible here
        if(u_vecs->a.n <= 0 || next_uID>>1 == beg>>1)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        ///output_tangles(beg, next_uID, u_vecs->a.a, u_vecs->a.n, (char*)(""));
        merge_nodes(ug, end, next_uID, u_vecs->a.a, u_vecs->a.n, UNROLL);
        if(next_uID != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            (*r_next_uID) = next_uID;
            return UNROLL_M;
        }
        else ///end tangle
        {
            if(u_vecs->a.n > 0)
            {
                (*r_next_uID) = u_vecs->a.a[0];
            } 
            return UNROLL_E;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}


void adjust_asg_by_ug(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g)
{
    uint32_t v, n_vtx, i = 0, qn;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    ma_utg_t* node = NULL;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE)
        {
            node = &(ug->u.a[v]);
            for (i = 0; i < node->n; i++)
            {
                qn = node->a[i]>>33;
                read_g->seq[qn].c = ALTER_LABLE;
            }
        }
    }


    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE)
        {
            node = &(ug->u.a[v]);
            for (i = 0; i < node->n; i++)
            {
                qn = node->a[i]>>33;
                ///read_g->seq[qn].c = ALTER_LABLE;
                asg_seq_drop(read_g, qn);
            }
        }
    }

    asg_cleanup(read_g);
	asg_symm(read_g);
}

void lable_hap_asg_by_ug(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g)
{
    uint32_t v, n_vtx, i = 0, qn;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    ma_utg_t* node = NULL;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == HAP_LABLE)
        {
            node = &(ug->u.a[v]);
            for (i = 0; i < node->n; i++)
            {
                qn = node->a[i]>>33;
                read_g->seq[qn].c = HAP_LABLE;
            }
        }
    }

}

///qn is the read Id
///self_offset is the offset of this read in contig
void query_reverse_sources(asg_t *read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources,
R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t qn, uint32_t self_offset, kvec_t_u64_warp* u_vecs)
{
    uint32_t i, rId, is_Unitig, cId;
    uint64_t mode;
    ///means the reads coming from different haplotype have already been purged
    if(read_g->seq[qn].c == HAP_LABLE)
    {
        cId = (uint32_t)-1;
        mode = self_offset; mode = mode << 33; mode = mode|cId; mode = mode | (uint64_t)(0x100000000);
        kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs->a, mode);
        return;
    }


    for (i = 0; i < reverse_sources[qn].length; i++)
    {
        rId = Get_tn(reverse_sources[qn].buffer[i]);
        ///there are three cases: 
        ///1. read at primary contigs, get_R_to_U() return its corresponding contig Id  
        ///2. read at alternative contigs, get_R_to_U() return (uint32_t)-1
        ///3. read has bee deleted, get_R_to_U() return the id of read that contains it 
        if(read_g->seq[rId].del == 1)
        {
            ///get the id of read that contains it 
            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &rId, &is_Unitig);
            if(rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[rId].del == 1) continue;
        }

        ///here rId is the id of the read coming from the different haplotype
        ///cId is the id of the corresponding contig (note here is the contig, instead of untig)
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &cId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 0) continue;
        ///if the read is at alternative contigs, cId might be (uint32_t)-1
        ///if(cId == (uint32_t)-1)
        mode = self_offset; mode = mode << 33; mode = mode|(uint64_t)(cId);
        kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs->a, mode);
    }
    
}



uint32_t get_rId_from_contig_by_offset(ma_ug_t *ug, rIdContig* array, uint32_t offset)
{
    uint32_t uId, rId;
    ma_utg_t* reads;
    for (;array->untigI < array->b_0->b.n; array->untigI++)
    {
        uId = array->b_0->b.a[array->untigI]>>1;
        ///if(IsMerge(ug->u, uId)>0) continue;
        reads = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        for (;array->readI < reads->n; array->readI++, array->offset++)
        {
            if(array->offset == offset)
            {
                rId = reads->a[array->readI]>>33;
                return rId;
            }
        }
        array->readI = 0;
    }


    array->offset = 0;
    for (array->untigI = 0;array->untigI < array->b_0->b.n; array->untigI++)
    {
        uId = array->b_0->b.a[array->untigI]>>1;
        ///if(IsMerge(ug->u, uId)>0) continue;
        reads = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        for (array->readI = 0;array->readI < reads->n; array->readI++, array->offset++)
        {
            if(array->offset == offset)
            {
                rId = reads->a[array->readI]>>33;
                return rId;
            }
        }
    }

    array->untigI = array->readI = array->offset = 0;
    return (uint32_t)-1;
}

inline uint32_t get_contig_len(ma_ug_t *ug, buf_t* b_0)
{
    uint32_t uId, untigI, Len = 0;
    ma_utg_t* reads;
    
    for (untigI = 0;untigI < b_0->b.n; untigI++)
    {
        uId = b_0->b.a[untigI]>>1;
        ///if(IsMerge(ug->u, uId)>0) continue;
        reads = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        Len = Len + reads->n;
    }

    return Len;
}

uint32_t get_offset_from_contig_by_rId(ma_ug_t *ug, rIdContig* array, uint32_t query_rId)
{
    uint32_t uId, rId;
    ma_utg_t* reads;
    for (;array->untigI < array->b_0->b.n; array->untigI++)
    {
        uId = array->b_0->b.a[array->untigI]>>1;
        ///if(IsMerge(ug->u, uId)>0) continue;
        reads = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        for (;array->readI < reads->n; array->readI++, array->offset++)
        {
            rId = reads->a[array->readI]>>33;
            if(rId == query_rId) return array->offset;
        }
        array->readI = 0;
    }


    array->offset = 0;
    for (array->untigI = 0;array->untigI < array->b_0->b.n; array->untigI++)
    {
        uId = array->b_0->b.a[array->untigI]>>1;
        ///if(IsMerge(ug->u, uId)>0) continue;
        reads = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        for (array->readI = 0;array->readI < reads->n; array->readI++, array->offset++)
        {
            rId = reads->a[array->readI]>>33;
            if(rId == query_rId) return array->offset;
        }
    }

    array->untigI = array->readI = array->offset = 0;
    return (uint32_t)-1;
}

///tn is the cId, tn_off is the order of rId with the same cId
uint32_t get_reverseId(asg_t *read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources,
R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t qn, uint32_t tn, uint32_t tn_off)
{
    uint32_t i, rId, is_Unitig, cId, cId_off = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < reverse_sources[qn].length; i++)
    {
        rId = Get_tn(reverse_sources[qn].buffer[i]);
        ///there are three cases: 
        ///1. read at primary contigs, get_R_to_U() return its corresponding contig Id  
        ///2. read at alternative contigs, get_R_to_U() return (uint32_t)-1
        ///3. read has bee deleted, get_R_to_U() return the id of read that contains it 
        if(read_g->seq[rId].del == 1)
        {
            ///get the id of read that contains it 
            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &rId, &is_Unitig);
            if(rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[rId].del == 1) continue;
        }

        ///here rId is the id of the read coming from the different haplotype
        ///cId is the id of the corresponding contig (note here is the contig, instead of untig)
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &cId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 0) continue;
        ///if the read is at alternative contigs, cId might be (uint32_t)-1
        ///if(cId == (uint32_t)-1)
        if(cId == tn)
        {
            if(cId_off == tn_off) return rId;
            cId_off++;
        }
    }

    return (uint32_t)-1;
}

uint32_t get_contig_overlap_interval(uint32_t is_reverse, 
uint32_t q_beg, uint32_t q_end, uint32_t qLen, uint32_t t_beg, uint32_t t_end, uint32_t tLen, 
uint32_t* r_q_beg, uint32_t* r_q_end, uint32_t* r_t_beg, uint32_t* r_t_end)
{
    uint32_t k;
    (*r_q_beg) = (*r_q_end) = (*r_t_beg) = (*r_t_end) = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(q_end >= qLen || t_end >= tLen) return 0;
    if(q_beg >= qLen || t_beg >= tLen) return 0;

    if(is_reverse)
    {
        ///k = q_beg; q_beg = q_end; q_end = k;
        ///q_beg = qLen - q_beg - 1; q_end = qLen - q_end - 1; k = q_beg; q_beg = q_end; q_end = k;
        ///k = t_beg; t_beg = t_end; t_end = k;
        t_beg = tLen - t_beg - 1; t_end = tLen - t_end - 1; k = t_beg; t_beg = t_end; t_end = k;
    }




    if(q_beg <= t_beg)
    {
        t_beg = t_beg - q_beg; q_beg = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        q_beg = q_beg - t_beg; t_beg = 0;
    }

    uint32_t q_right_length = qLen - q_end - 1;
    uint32_t t_right_length = tLen - t_end - 1;
    if(q_right_length <= t_right_length)
    {
        q_end = qLen - 1; t_end = t_end + q_right_length;
    }
    else
    {
        t_end = tLen - 1; q_end = q_end + t_right_length;
    }

    if(is_reverse)
    {
        ///q_beg = qLen - q_beg - 1; q_end = qLen - q_end - 1; k = q_beg; q_beg = q_end; q_end = k;
        t_beg = tLen - t_beg - 1; t_end = tLen - t_end - 1; k = t_beg; t_beg = t_end; t_end = k;
    }

    (*r_q_beg) = q_beg; (*r_q_end) = q_end;
    (*r_t_beg) = t_beg; (*r_t_end) = t_end;
    return 1;
}


int get_haplotype_rate(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources,
R_to_U* ruIndex, buf_t* b_0, uint32_t beg, uint32_t end, uint32_t query_cId, float match_rate)
{
    uint32_t i, j, k, num, match_num, offset, uId, qn, rId, is_Unitig, cId;
    ma_utg_t* reads;

    offset = match_num = num = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < b_0->b.n; i++)
    {
        uId = b_0->b.a[i]>>1;
        ///if(IsMerge(ug->u, uId)>0) continue;
        reads = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        for (j = 0; j < reads->n; j++, offset++)
        {

            if(offset < beg || offset > end) continue;
            qn = reads->a[j]>>33;
            if(reverse_sources[qn].length > 0) num++;
            for (k = 0; k < reverse_sources[qn].length; k++)
            {
                rId = Get_tn(reverse_sources[qn].buffer[k]);
                ///there are three cases: 
                ///1. read at primary contigs, get_R_to_U() return its corresponding contig Id  
                ///2. read at alternative contigs, get_R_to_U() return (uint32_t)-1
                ///3. read has bee deleted, get_R_to_U() return the id of read that contains it 
                if(read_g->seq[rId].del == 1)
                {
                    ///get the id of read that contains it 
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &rId, &is_Unitig);
                    if(rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[rId].del == 1) continue;
                }

                ///here rId is the id of the read coming from the different haplotype
                ///cId is the id of the corresponding contig (note here is the contig, instead of untig)
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &cId, &is_Unitig);
                if(is_Unitig == 0) continue;
                ///if the read is at alternative contigs, cId might be (uint32_t)-1
                
                if(cId == query_cId)
                {
                    match_num++;
                    break;
                } 
                
            }
        }
    } 

    if(match_num >= num*match_rate) return 1;
    return 0; 
}


#define contig_seed 20
inline int get_useful_contig(kvec_t_u64_warp* u_vecs, float density, uint32_t miniLen, uint32_t* r_cId)
{
    (*r_cId) = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t cId;
    uint32_t intervalLen = 0, realLen = 0, useful_index = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t i = u_vecs->i, end;
    float T_density = density/2;
    
    if(i >= u_vecs->a.n) return -1;
    if((uint32_t)(u_vecs->a.a[i]) == (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        u_vecs->i++;
        return 0;
    } 

    end = i + contig_seed;
    if(end > u_vecs->a.n) end = u_vecs->a.n;
    cId = (uint32_t)(u_vecs->a.a[i]);
    for (; i < end; i++)
    {
        if(cId == (uint32_t)(u_vecs->a.a[i])) realLen++;
        intervalLen++;
        if(realLen >= intervalLen*density) useful_index = i;
    }

    if(realLen < intervalLen*T_density)
    {
        u_vecs->i++;
        return 0;
    } 
    ///here we found a useful seed
    ///it seems we don't need to scan backward
    for (; i < u_vecs->a.n; i++)
    {
        if(cId == (uint32_t)(u_vecs->a.a[i])) realLen++;
        intervalLen++;
        if(realLen < intervalLen*T_density) break;
        if(realLen >= intervalLen*density) useful_index = i;
    }

    if(useful_index == (uint32_t)-1 || (useful_index - u_vecs->i) < miniLen)
    {
        u_vecs->i++;
        return 0;
    }

    ///don't need to set backward
    end = (uint32_t)-1;
    for (i = u_vecs->i; i < u_vecs->a.n; i++)
    {
        if(cId == (uint32_t)(u_vecs->a.a[i]))
        {
            ///u_vecs->a.a[i] = (uint32_t)-1;
            u_vecs->a.a[i] = u_vecs->a.a[i]|(uint64_t)(0xffffffff);
        } 
    }
    (*r_cId) = cId;
    u_vecs->i++;
    return (useful_index - u_vecs->i);
}





#define UNVISIT (uint32_t)(0x7fffffff)
#define RED 0
#define BLACK 1
#define ISO 2
#define LABLE 3
void bi_paration(asg_t *bi_g, uint64_t* array, uint32_t bi_graph_Len)
{
    
    kvec_t(uint64_t) a;
    kv_init(a);
    a.a = array;
    a.n = a.m = bi_g->n_seq;
    kdq_t(uint32_t) *buf;
    buf = kdq_init(uint32_t);
    uint32_t i, len, v, w, k, nv, roundID = 0;
    asg_arc_t *av;
    for (i = 0; i < bi_g->n_seq; i++)
    {
        bi_g->seq[i].c = 0;
    }

    re_partition:

    for (i = 0; i < bi_g->n_seq; i++)
    {
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        ///how many reads contained in this contig
        len = (a.a[i]>>33);
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        ///if the contig is too small, or the contig has already been visited
        ///if(len < bi_graph_Len || bi_g->seq[i].len != UNVISIT) continue;
        if(len < bi_graph_Len || bi_g->seq[i].c == 1) continue;
        if(roundID == 0 && bi_g->seq[i].len == UNVISIT) continue;

        ///set the color of this node
        bi_g->seq[i].len = RED; bi_g->seq[i].c = 1;
        kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, i);
        while (kdq_size(buf) != 0)
        {
            v = *(kdq_pop(uint32_t, buf)); bi_g->seq[v].c = 1;
            if(bi_g->seq[v].len == ISO) continue;
            nv = asg_arc_n(bi_g, v);
            av = asg_arc_a(bi_g, v);


            ///get all out-nodes of v
            for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
            {
                w = av[k].v;
                /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                ///if(bi_g->seq[w].len == bi_g->seq[v].len)
                len = (a.a[w]>>33);
                ///only check large contig
                if(len >= bi_graph_Len && bi_g->seq[w].len == bi_g->seq[v].len)
                { /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                    break;
                }
            }
            ///means v is conflict 
            if(k != nv)
            {
                bi_g->seq[v].len = ISO; bi_g->seq[v].c = 1;
                continue;
            }



            ///if v is not conflict with others
            for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
            {
                w = av[k].v;
                ///if the out-node has not been visited
                if(bi_g->seq[w].len == UNVISIT)
                {
                    bi_g->seq[w].len = 1 - bi_g->seq[v].len;
                    bi_g->seq[w].c = 1;
                    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                    len = (a.a[w]>>33);
                    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
                    if(len < bi_graph_Len) continue;
                    kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, w);
                }
                ///here bi_g->seq[w].len might be ISO or another color
                ///don't need to do anything here
            }
        }
    }

    if(roundID == 0)
    {
        roundID = 1;
        goto re_partition;
    }
    

    //secondary checking
    // uint32_t a_color;
    // kdq_size(buf) = 0;
    // for (i = 0; i < bi_g->n_seq; i++)
    // {
    //     /****************************may have bugs********************************/
    //     len = (a.a[i]>>33);
    //     /****************************may have bugs********************************/
    //     ///just check end contig
    //     if(bi_g->seq[i].len != UNVISIT || (a.a[i] & (uint64_t)(0x100000000)) == 0) continue;
        
    //     v = i;
    //     nv = asg_arc_n(bi_g, v);
    //     av = asg_arc_a(bi_g, v);
    //     a_color = UNVISIT;

    //     for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
    //     {
    //         w = av[k].v;
    //         ///check all out-nodes that has already been colored
    //         if(bi_g->seq[w].len != UNVISIT)
    //         {
    //             ///if this is the first colored node
    //             if(a_color == UNVISIT)
    //             {
    //                 a_color = bi_g->seq[w].len;
    //             }///if this is not
    //             else if(a_color != bi_g->seq[w].len)
    //             {
    //                 a_color = ISO;
    //                 bi_g->seq[v].len = ISO;
    //                 break;
    //             }
    //         }
    //     }

    //     if(a_color == ISO) continue;
    //     ///no colored out-node
    //     if(a_color == UNVISIT)
    //     {
    //         bi_g->seq[v].len = RED;
    //     }
    //     else
    //     {
    //         bi_g->seq[v].len = 1 - a_color;
    //     }



        

    //     ///check if all reachable nodes are end-contig
    //     kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, i);
    //     while (kdq_size(buf) != 0)
    //     {
    //         v = *(kdq_pop(uint32_t, buf));
    //         ///find a non-end contig
    //         if((a.a[v] & (uint64_t)(0x100000000)) == 0)
    //         {
    //             bi_g->seq[i].len = UNVISIT;
    //             kdq_size(buf) = 0;
    //             break;
    //         }

    //         nv = asg_arc_n(bi_g, v);
    //         av = asg_arc_a(bi_g, v);
    //         for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
    //         {
    //             w = av[k].v;
    //             ///if the out-node has not been visited
    //             if(bi_g->seq[w].len == UNVISIT)
    //             {
    //                 bi_g->seq[v].len = LABLE;
    //                 kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, w);
    //             }
    //         }
    //     }

    //     for (v = 0; v < bi_g->n_seq; v++)
    //     {
    //         if(bi_g->seq[v].len == LABLE) bi_g->seq[v].len = UNVISIT;
    //     }

    //     if(bi_g->seq[i].len == UNVISIT)
    //     {
    //         continue;
    //     }






    //     ///now all reachable nodes of i are end-contigs
    //     kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, i);
    //     while (kdq_size(buf) != 0)
    //     {
    //         ///each v here is the uncolored node in the first round
    //         v = *(kdq_pop(uint32_t, buf));
    //         if(bi_g->seq[v].len == ISO) continue;
    //         nv = asg_arc_n(bi_g, v);
    //         av = asg_arc_a(bi_g, v);


    //         ///get all out-nodes of v
    //         for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
    //         {
    //             w = av[k].v;
    //             if(bi_g->seq[w].len == bi_g->seq[v].len)
    //             {
    //                 break;
    //             }
    //         }
    //         ///means v is conflict 
    //         if(k != nv)
    //         {
    //             bi_g->seq[v].len = ISO;
    //             continue;
    //         }



    //         ///if v is not conflict with others
    //         for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
    //         {
    //             w = av[k].v;
    //             ///if the out-node has not been visited
    //             if(bi_g->seq[w].len == UNVISIT)
    //             {   
    //                 bi_g->seq[w].len = 1 - bi_g->seq[v].len;
    //                 kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, w);
    //             }
    //         }
    //     }
    // }

    kdq_destroy(uint32_t, buf);
}


void process_bi_graph(asg_t *bi_g)
{
    asg_cleanup(bi_g);
    asg_arc_del_multi(bi_g);
	bi_g->is_symm = 1;
    uint32_t v, i, j;
    for (v = 0; v < bi_g->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(bi_g, v), nw, w;
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(bi_g, v), *aw;
        for (i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
        {
            w = av[i].v;
            if(w == v)
            {
                av[i].del = 1;
                continue;
            }
            nw = asg_arc_n(bi_g, w);
            aw = asg_arc_a(bi_g, w);
            for (j = 0; j < nw; j++)
            {
                if(aw[j].v == v) break;
            }

            if(j == nw) av[i].del = 1;
        }
    }

    asg_cleanup(bi_g);

    ///asg_symm(bi_g);
}

inline void reset_visit_flag(uint8_t* visit, asg_t *read_g, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t contigNum, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* x)
{
    uint32_t k, rId, is_Unitig, Hap_cId;

    if(x->length*2 > contigNum)
    {
        memset(visit, 0, contigNum);
    }
    else
    {
        for (k = 0; k < x->length; k++)
        {
            rId = Get_tn(x->buffer[k]);
        
            if(read_g->seq[rId].del == 1)
            {
                ///get the id of read that contains it 
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &rId, &is_Unitig);
                if(rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[rId].del == 1) continue;
            }

            ///there are two cases: 
            ///1. read at primary contigs, get_R_to_U() return its corresponding contig Id  
            ///2. read at alternative contigs, get_R_to_U() return (uint32_t)-1
            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &Hap_cId, &is_Unitig);
            if(is_Unitig == 0 || Hap_cId == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
            ///here rId is the id of the read coming from the different haplotype
            ///Hap_cId is the id of the corresponding contig (note here is the contig, instead of untig)
            visit[Hap_cId] = 0;
        }
    }
}

void debug_visit_flag(uint8_t* visit, uint32_t contigNum)
{
    uint32_t k;
    for (k = 0; k < contigNum; k++)
    {
        if(visit[k] != 0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR visit\n");
    }
}


uint32_t get_readSeq(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g, kvec_t_u32_warp* x_vecs, uint64_t* cBeg, 
buf_t* b_0, uint32_t cId)
{
    ma_utg_t* reads = NULL;
    uint32_t beg, end, i, j, rId, xLen, uId, uOri;
    long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
    uint64_t tmp;

    x_vecs->a.n = 0;
    beg = (uint32_t)(cBeg[cId]);
    b_0->b.n = 0;
    get_unitig(ug->g, ug, beg, &end, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, b_0);
    xLen = cBeg[cId]>>33;
    kv_resize(uint32_t, x_vecs->a, xLen);

    for (i = 0; i < b_0->b.n; i++)
    {
        uId = b_0->b.a[i]>>1;
        uOri = b_0->b.a[i]&(uint32_t)1;
        reads = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        for (j = 0; j < reads->n; j++)
        {
            if(uOri == 1)
            {
                rId = reads->a[reads->n - j - 1]>>33;
            }
            else
            {
                rId = reads->a[j]>>33;
            }


            tmp = rId<<1;
            if(read_g->seq[rId].c == HAP_LABLE)
            {
                tmp = tmp | 1;
                kv_push(uint32_t, x_vecs->a, tmp);
                continue;
            }
            kv_push(uint32_t, x_vecs->a, tmp);
        }
    }


    if(x_vecs->a.n != xLen) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: different length\n");
    return xLen;
}


uint32_t inline retrieve_skip_overlaps(ma_hit_t_alloc* x, uint32_t target)
{
    if(x == NULL) return (uint32_t)-1;

    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        if(Get_tn(x->buffer[i]) == target)
        {
            return i;
        }
    }

    return (uint32_t)-1;
}

inline uint32_t check_duplicate(Hap_Align_warp* u_buffer, uint32_t x_pos, uint32_t y_pos)
{
    if(u_buffer->x.n == 0) return 0;

    int i = u_buffer->x.n;
    for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        if(x_pos != (uint32_t)-1 && u_buffer->x.a[i].q_pos != x_pos) return 0;
        if(y_pos != (uint32_t)-1 && u_buffer->x.a[i].t_pos == y_pos)
        {
            u_buffer->x.a[i].is_color++;
            return 1;
        } 
    }

    if(x_pos == (uint32_t)-1) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: cannot found y\n");
    
    return 0;
}

///x_vecs->a.a[k]>>1

void get_hap_similarity(uint32_t* list, uint32_t Len, uint32_t target_uId, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, asg_t *read_g, R_to_U* ruIndex, 
double* Match, double* Total)
{
    #define CUTOFF_THRES 100
    uint32_t i, j, qn, tn, is_Unitig, uId, min_count = 0, max_count = 0, cutoff = 0;;
    for (i = 0; i < Len; i++)
    {
        if(cutoff > CUTOFF_THRES)
        {
            max_count = 0;
            min_count = Len;
        }
        qn = list[i]>>1;
        if(reverse_sources[qn].length > 0) min_count++;
        for (j = 0; j < reverse_sources[qn].length; j++)
        {
            tn = Get_tn(reverse_sources[qn].buffer[j]);
            if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
            {
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
            }


            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &uId, &is_Unitig);
            if(uId!=(uint32_t)-1 && is_Unitig == 1 && uId == target_uId)
            {
                max_count++;
                break;
            }
        }

        //means no match
        if(j == reverse_sources[qn].length)
        {
            cutoff++;
        }
        else
        {
            cutoff = 0;
        }
    }

    (*Match) = max_count;
    (*Total) = min_count;
}
uint32_t calculate_hap_similarity(Hap_Align* p, uint32_t dir, uint32_t xCid, uint32_t yCid,
kvec_t_u32_warp* x_vecs, kvec_t_u32_warp* y_vecs, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
asg_t *read_g, R_to_U* ruIndex, float Hap_rate, uint32_t seedOcc)
{
    uint32_t max_count = 0, min_count = 0;
    uint32_t xLen = x_vecs->a.n;
    uint32_t yLen = y_vecs->a.n;
    uint32_t xLeftBeg, xLeftLen, yLeftBeg, yLeftLen;
    uint32_t xRightBeg, xRightLen, yRightBeg, yRightLen;
    if(dir == 0)
    {
        xLeftBeg = 0; xLeftLen = p->q_pos; xRightBeg = p->q_pos; xRightLen = xLen - xRightBeg;
        yLeftBeg = 0; yLeftLen = p->t_pos; yRightBeg = p->t_pos; yRightLen = yLen - yRightBeg;
    }
    else
    {
        xLeftBeg = 0; xLeftLen = p->q_pos; xRightBeg = p->q_pos; xRightLen = xLen - xRightBeg;

        yLeftBeg = p->t_pos + 1; yLeftLen = yLen - yLeftBeg;
        yRightBeg = 0; yRightLen = p->t_pos + 1;
    }



    max_count = seedOcc;
    min_count = MIN(xLeftLen, yLeftLen) + MIN(xRightLen, yRightLen);
    if(min_count == 0) return NON_PLOID;
    if(max_count <= min_count*Hap_rate) return NON_PLOID;



    

    double xLeftMatch, xLeftTotal, yLeftMatch, yLeftTotal;
    double xRightMatch, xRightTotal, yRightMatch, yRightTotal;

    get_hap_similarity(x_vecs->a.a+xLeftBeg, xLeftLen, yCid, reverse_sources, read_g, ruIndex, 
    &xLeftMatch, &xLeftTotal);
    get_hap_similarity(y_vecs->a.a+yLeftBeg, yLeftLen, xCid, reverse_sources, read_g, ruIndex,
    &yLeftMatch, &yLeftTotal);

    get_hap_similarity(x_vecs->a.a+xRightBeg, xRightLen, yCid, reverse_sources, read_g, ruIndex, 
    &xRightMatch, &xRightTotal);
    get_hap_similarity(y_vecs->a.a+yRightBeg, yRightLen, xCid, reverse_sources, read_g, ruIndex,
    &yRightMatch, &yRightTotal);

    max_count = min_count = 0;
    if((xLeftMatch/xLeftTotal) >= (yLeftMatch/yLeftTotal))
    {
        max_count += xLeftMatch;
        min_count += xLeftTotal;
    }
    else
    {
        max_count += yLeftMatch;
        min_count += yLeftTotal;
    }

    if((xRightMatch/xRightTotal) >= (yRightMatch/yRightTotal))
    {
        max_count += xRightMatch;
        min_count += xRightTotal;
    }
    else
    {
        max_count += yRightMatch;
        min_count += yRightTotal;
    }

    if(min_count == 0) return NON_PLOID;
    if(max_count > min_count*Hap_rate) return PLOID;
	return NON_PLOID;
}


#define Hap_Align_Pos_key(a) ((((uint64_t)((a).q_pos))<<32)|((uint64_t)((a).t_pos)))
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(Hap_Align_Pos_sort, Hap_Align, Hap_Align_Pos_key, 8)

#define Hap_Align_Weight_key(a) ((a).is_color)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(Hap_Align_Weight_sort, Hap_Align, Hap_Align_Weight_key, member_size(Hap_Align, is_color))

inline uint32_t merge_hap_hits(Hap_Align_warp* u_buffer)
{
    if(u_buffer->x.n == 0) return 0;

    radix_sort_Hap_Align_Pos_sort(u_buffer->x.a, u_buffer->x.a + u_buffer->x.n);
    uint32_t x_pos, x_pos_end, x_pos_beg;
    int k, i, j, m;

    /**
    for (i = 0; i < (int)u_buffer->x.n; i++)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "****x: %u, y: %u, t_id: %u, is_color: %u\n", u_buffer->x.a[i].q_pos, u_buffer->x.a[i].t_pos,
        u_buffer->x.a[i].t_id, u_buffer->x.a[i].is_color);
    }
    **/
    
    i = u_buffer->x.n; i--;
    x_pos = u_buffer->x.a[i].q_pos; 
    x_pos_end = i;
    for (; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        k = i - 1;
        if(k < 0) continue;
        if(u_buffer->x.a[k].q_pos == u_buffer->x.a[i].q_pos &&
           u_buffer->x.a[k].t_pos+1 == u_buffer->x.a[i].t_pos)
        {
            u_buffer->x.a[k].is_color += u_buffer->x.a[i].is_color;
            u_buffer->x.a[i].t_id = (uint32_t)-1;
        }

        ///meet a new x_pos
        if(u_buffer->x.a[k].q_pos != u_buffer->x.a[i].q_pos)
        {
            x_pos_beg = i;
            for (m = x_pos_beg; m <= (int)x_pos_end; m++)
            {
                if(u_buffer->x.a[m].t_id == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
                for (j = k; j >= 0; j--)
                {
                    if(u_buffer->x.a[j].q_pos != x_pos - 1) break;
                    if(u_buffer->x.a[j].t_pos == u_buffer->x.a[m].t_pos ||
                       u_buffer->x.a[j].t_pos == u_buffer->x.a[m].t_pos - 1)
                    {
                        u_buffer->x.a[j].is_color += u_buffer->x.a[m].is_color;
                        u_buffer->x.a[m].t_id = (uint32_t)-1;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            x_pos = u_buffer->x.a[k].q_pos;
            x_pos_end = k;
        }
    }


    

    for (i = 0, m = 0; i < (int)u_buffer->x.n; i++)
    {
        if(u_buffer->x.a[i].t_id!=(uint32_t)-1)
        {
            u_buffer->x.a[m].is_color = u_buffer->x.a[i].is_color;
            u_buffer->x.a[m].t_id = u_buffer->x.a[i].t_id;
            u_buffer->x.a[m].q_pos = u_buffer->x.a[i].q_pos;
            u_buffer->x.a[m].t_pos = u_buffer->x.a[i].t_pos;
            m++;
        }
    }

    u_buffer->x.n = m;

    /**
    for (i = 0; i < (int)u_buffer->x.n; i++)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "####x: %u, y: %u, t_id: %u, is_color: %u\n", u_buffer->x.a[i].q_pos, u_buffer->x.a[i].t_pos,
        u_buffer->x.a[i].t_id, u_buffer->x.a[i].is_color);
    }
    **/
    radix_sort_Hap_Align_Weight_sort(u_buffer->x.a, u_buffer->x.a + u_buffer->x.n);
    return 0;
}

void get_hap_alignment(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
buf_t* b_0, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t* position_index, uint64_t* vote_counting, uint8_t* visit, 
kvec_t_u64_warp* u_vecs, Hap_Align_warp* u_buffer, kvec_t_u32_warp* x_vecs, kvec_t_u32_warp* y_vecs,
uint32_t cId, uint32_t contigNum, uint64_t* cBeg, float Hap_rate, asg_t *bi_g, uint32_t is_bi_edge)
{
    ma_utg_t* reads = NULL;
    uint32_t beg, end, i, j, k, rId, Hap_cId, y_cId, y_offset, qn, self_offset, uId, uOri, is_Unitig, xLen, seedOcc;
    uint64_t tmp;
    long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
    memset(vote_counting, 0, sizeof(uint64_t)*contigNum);
    memset(visit, 0, contigNum);
    u_vecs->a.n = x_vecs->a.n = y_vecs->a.n = 0;

    beg = (uint32_t)(cBeg[cId]);
    b_0->b.n = 0;
    get_unitig(ug->g, ug, beg, &end, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, b_0);
    xLen = cBeg[cId]>>33;
    kv_resize(uint32_t, x_vecs->a, xLen);

    for (i = 0, self_offset = 0; i < b_0->b.n; i++)
    {
        uId = b_0->b.a[i]>>1;
        uOri = b_0->b.a[i]&(uint32_t)1;
        reads = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        for (j = 0; j < reads->n; j++, self_offset++)
        {
            if(uOri == 1)
            {
                rId = reads->a[reads->n - j - 1]>>33;
            }
            else
            {
                rId = reads->a[j]>>33;
            }


            tmp = rId<<1;
            if(read_g->seq[rId].c == HAP_LABLE)
            {
                tmp = tmp | 1;
                kv_push(uint32_t, x_vecs->a, tmp);
                continue;
            }
            kv_push(uint32_t, x_vecs->a, tmp); 


            /**********************for debug*************************/
            ///debug_visit_flag(visit, contigNum);
            /**********************for debug*************************/

            qn = rId;
            for (k = 0; k < reverse_sources[qn].length; k++)
            {
                rId = Get_tn(reverse_sources[qn].buffer[k]);
            
                if(read_g->seq[rId].del == 1)
                {
                    ///get the id of read that contains it 
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &rId, &is_Unitig);
                    if(rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[rId].del == 1) continue;
                }

                ///there are two cases: 
                ///1. read at primary contigs, get_R_to_U() return its corresponding contig Id  
                ///2. read at alternative contigs, get_R_to_U() return (uint32_t)-1
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &Hap_cId, &is_Unitig);
                if(is_Unitig == 0 || Hap_cId == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
                ///here rId is the id of the read coming from the different haplotype
                ///Hap_cId is the id of the corresponding contig (note here is the contig, instead of untig)
                if(visit[Hap_cId]!=0) continue;
                visit[Hap_cId] = 1;
                if(vote_counting[Hap_cId] < UINT64_MAX) vote_counting[Hap_cId]++;
            }

            reset_visit_flag(visit, read_g, ruIndex, contigNum, &(reverse_sources[qn]));
        }
    }


    u_vecs->a.n = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < contigNum; i++)
    {
        if(i == cId) continue;
        if(vote_counting[i] == 0) continue;
        tmp = vote_counting[i]; tmp = tmp << 32; tmp = tmp | (uint64_t)i;
        kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs->a, tmp);
    }

    if(u_vecs->a.n == 0) return;

    sort_kvec_t_u64_warp(u_vecs, 1);


    ma_hit_t_alloc *x = NULL, *pre_x = NULL;
    Hap_Align* p = NULL;
    asg_arc_t *e = NULL;
    ///scan from the weightest candidate 
    for (i = 0; i < u_vecs->a.n; i++)
    {
        Hap_cId = (uint32_t)u_vecs->a.a[i];
        get_readSeq(ug, read_g, y_vecs, cBeg, b_0, Hap_cId);
        y_cId = Hap_cId;
        seedOcc = u_vecs->a.a[i]>>32;

        if(debug_purge_dup)
        {
            if(cId == 53)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "cId: %u, y_cId: %u, seedOcc: %u\n", cId, y_cId, seedOcc);
            }
        }

        u_buffer->x.n = 0;
        for (k = 0; k < x_vecs->a.n; k++)
        {
            x = pre_x = NULL;
            rId = x_vecs->a.a[k]>>1;
            if(read_g->seq[rId].c == HAP_LABLE) continue;
            x = &(reverse_sources[rId]);

            if(k >= 1)
            {
                rId = x_vecs->a.a[k-1]>>1;
                if(read_g->seq[rId].c != HAP_LABLE)
                {
                    pre_x = &(reverse_sources[rId]);
                }
            }




            for (j = 0; j < x->length; j++)
            {
                rId = Get_tn(x->buffer[j]);
                if(read_g->seq[rId].del == 1)
                {
                    ///get the id of read that contains it 
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &rId, &is_Unitig);
                    if(rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[rId].del == 1) continue;
                }

                ///there are two cases: 
                ///1. read at primary contigs, get_R_to_U() return its corresponding contig Id  
                ///2. read at alternative contigs, get_R_to_U() return (uint32_t)-1
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &Hap_cId, &is_Unitig);
                if(is_Unitig == 0 || Hap_cId == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
                if(Hap_cId != y_cId) continue;

                y_offset = position_index[rId];
                ///if(retrieve_skip_overlaps(pre_x, rId) != (uint32_t)-1)
                if(retrieve_skip_overlaps(pre_x, Get_tn(x->buffer[j])) != (uint32_t)-1)
                {
                    check_duplicate(u_buffer, (uint32_t)-1, y_offset);
                    continue;
                } 
                if(check_duplicate(u_buffer, k, y_offset)) continue;

                kv_pushp(Hap_Align, u_buffer->x, &p);
                p->q_pos = k;
                p->t_pos = y_offset;
                p->t_id = y_cId;
                p->is_color = 1;
            }
        }

        merge_hap_hits(u_buffer);
        if(u_buffer->x.n == 0) continue;

        ///for (k = 0; k < u_buffer->x.n; k++)
        for (k = u_buffer->x.n-1; k >= 0; k--)
        {
            if(calculate_hap_similarity(&(u_buffer->x.a[k]), 0, cId, y_cId, x_vecs, y_vecs, 
            reverse_sources, read_g, ruIndex, Hap_rate, seedOcc)==PLOID)
            {
                break;
            }
            else if(calculate_hap_similarity(&(u_buffer->x.a[k]), 1, cId, y_cId, x_vecs, y_vecs, 
            reverse_sources, read_g, ruIndex, Hap_rate, seedOcc)==PLOID)
            {
                break;
            }
            if(k == 0)
            {
                k = (uint32_t)-1;
                break;
            }
        }

        ///if(k < u_buffer->x.n)
        if(k != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            e = asg_arc_pushp(bi_g);
            e->del = 0;
            e->ol = 0;
            e->ul = cId; e->ul = e->ul << 32; e->ul = e->ul | (uint64_t)(0);
            e->v = y_cId;

            if(is_bi_edge)
            {
                e = asg_arc_pushp(bi_g);
                e->del = 0;
                e->ol = 0;
                e->ul = y_cId; e->ul = e->ul << 32; e->ul = e->ul | (uint64_t)(0);
                e->v = cId;
            }
        }
    }
}

void print_gfa(asg_t *g)
{
    uint32_t v, i, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        if(g->seq[v>>1].del)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "(D) v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, %.*s\n", v>>1, v&1, 
                (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((R_INF), v>>1), Get_NAME((R_INF), v>>1));
            continue;
        } 

        fprintf(stderr, "(E) v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, %.*s\n", v>>1, v&1, 
                (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((R_INF), v>>1), Get_NAME((R_INF), v>>1));
        
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            fprintf(stderr, "av[i].v: %u, av[i].ul: %u\n", 
                            av[i].v, (uint32_t)(av[i].ul>>32));
        }

    }
    
}



void print_purge_gfa(asg_t *g, uint64_t* cCount)
{
    uint32_t v, i, n_vtx = g->n_seq, beg, end;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        if(g->seq[v>>1].del)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "(D) v: %u, Len: %u, start>>1: %u, flag: %u\n", v, (uint32_t)(cCount[v]>>33),
            ((uint32_t)cCount[v])>>1, g->seq[v].len);
            continue;
        } 

        fprintf(stderr, "(E) v: %u, Len: %u, start>>1: %u, flag: %u\n", v, (uint32_t)(cCount[v]>>33),
        ((uint32_t)cCount[v])>>1, g->seq[v].len);
        
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
		asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            beg = av[i].ul>>32;
            end = av[i].v;

            fprintf(stderr, "****beg: %u (Len: %u) ---> end: %u (Len: %u)\n", 
            beg, (uint32_t)(cCount[beg]>>33),
            end, (uint32_t)(cCount[end]>>33));

        }

    }
    
}

void calculate_peak(uint64_t* counts, long long len, kvec_t_u32_warp* a, 
long long TotalMean, long long HapMean, long long* peak0, long long* peak1)
{
    if(len == 0) return;
    long long i, j, total_coverage = 0, current_coverage, step, pre, after, is_found = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        total_coverage = total_coverage + ((counts[i]>>32) * ((uint32_t)counts[i]));
    }
    current_coverage = total_coverage;
    for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        current_coverage = current_coverage - ((counts[i]>>32) * ((uint32_t)counts[i]));
        if(current_coverage <= total_coverage*0.9) break;
    }
    i++;
    step = i*0.1;
    if(step < 2) step = 2;
    ///fprintf(stderr, "step: %lld\n", step);
    

    a->a.n = 0;
    ///for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    for (i = 1; i < len; i++)
    {
        pre = i - step/2;
        after = i + step/2;
        if(pre < 0) pre = 0;
        if(after >= len) after = len - 1;
        is_found = 0;
        for (j = pre; j < after; j++)
        {
            if(j == i) continue;
            if(((uint32_t)counts[i]) <= ((uint32_t)counts[j]))
            {
                is_found = 1;
                break;
            } 
        }
        
        if(is_found == 0)
        {
            kv_push(uint32_t, a->a, i);
        }
    }

    

    uint32_t peak_0_i, peak_1_i;
    peak_0_i = peak_1_i = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < (long long)a->a.n; i++)
    {
        if(((uint32_t)counts[a->a.a[peak_0_i]]) < ((uint32_t)counts[a->a.a[i]]))
        {
            peak_0_i = i;
        }
    }

    peak_1_i = (uint32_t)-1;
    for (i = 0; i < (long long)a->a.n; i++)
    {
        if(peak_0_i == i) continue;
        if(peak_1_i == (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            peak_1_i = i;
            continue;
        }
        if(((uint32_t)counts[a->a.a[peak_1_i]]) < ((uint32_t)counts[a->a.a[i]]))
        {
            peak_1_i = i;
        }
    }

    if(peak_0_i == peak_1_i) peak_1_i = (uint32_t)-1;

    
    // for (i = 0; i < (long long)a->a.n; i++)
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "i:%lld, freq: %u, num: %u\n", i, 
    //     (uint32_t)(counts[a->a.a[i]]>>32), (uint32_t)counts[a->a.a[i]]);
    // }
    // fprintf(stderr, "peak_0_i: %u, peak_1_i: %u\n", peak_0_i, peak_1_i); 

    (*peak0) = (*peak1) = -1;
    /**
     * There are three cases:
     * 1. very low het rate: don't need purge_dup
     * 2. very high het rate: TotalMean should be equal to peak_0
     * 3. not such high het rate: two peaks, HapMean should be useful
     * **/
    
    if(peak_1_i == (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        (*peak0) = (uint32_t)(counts[a->a.a[peak_0_i]]>>32);
        return;
    }

    (*peak0) = (uint32_t)(counts[a->a.a[peak_0_i]]>>32);
    (*peak1) = (uint32_t)(counts[a->a.a[peak_1_i]]>>32);


    if(TotalMean >= (long long)((uint32_t)(counts[a->a.a[peak_0_i]]>>32)) && 
       TotalMean >= (long long)((uint32_t)(counts[a->a.a[peak_1_i]]>>32)))
    {
        (*peak1) = -1;
        return;
    }

    long long max_cov = MAX((*peak0), TotalMean);
    long long min_cov = MIN((*peak0), TotalMean);
    if(min_cov >= max_cov*0.8)
    {
        max_cov = MAX((*peak1), TotalMean);
        min_cov = MIN((*peak1), TotalMean);
        if(min_cov < max_cov*0.6)
        {
            (*peak1) = -1;
            return;
        }
    }


    long long hap_cov = ((uint32_t)(counts[a->a.a[MIN(peak_0_i, peak_1_i)]]>>32));
    max_cov = MAX(hap_cov, HapMean);
    min_cov = MIN(hap_cov, HapMean);
    ///fprintf(stderr, "hap_cov: %lld, max_cov: %lld, min_cov: %lld\n", hap_cov, max_cov, min_cov); 
    if(min_cov < max_cov*0.70)
    {
        (*peak1) = -1;
        return;
    }

    min_cov = MIN((*peak0), (*peak1));
    max_cov = MAX((*peak0), (*peak1));
    (*peak0) = min_cov;
    (*peak1) = max_cov;
}

void get_purge_coverage(asg_t *read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut,
uint32_t* junk_cov, uint32_t* hap_cov, uint32_t* dip_cov)
{
    (*junk_cov) = (*hap_cov) = 0; (*dip_cov) = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t i, j, num, m;
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0, T_R_bases = 0, T_C_bases = 0, total_coverage = 0, T_mean, Hap_mean;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    uint64_t* counts = (uint64_t*)calloc(read_g->n_seq, sizeof(uint64_t));
    kvec_t_u32_warp a;
    kv_init(a.a);

    for (i = 0; i < read_g->n_seq; ++i) 
    {
        R_bases = C_bases = 0;
        R_bases += coverage_cut[i].e - coverage_cut[i].s;
        for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[i].length); j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            C_bases += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
        }
        if(R_bases == 0) continue;

        counts[i] = C_bases/R_bases;
        T_R_bases += R_bases;
        T_C_bases += C_bases;
        total_coverage += counts[i];
    }

    T_mean = 0;
    if(T_R_bases > 0) T_mean = T_C_bases/T_R_bases;

    radix_sort_arch64(counts, counts + read_g->n_seq);


    uint64_t tmp;
    i = m = 0;
    while(i < read_g->n_seq)
    {
        num = 0;
        for (j = i; j < read_g->n_seq; j++)
        {
            if(counts[i] != counts[j]) break;
            num++;
        }

        tmp = counts[i]; tmp = tmp << 32; tmp = tmp | (uint64_t)num;
        counts[m] = tmp;
        m++;
        i = j;
    }


    R_bases = C_bases = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < read_g->n_seq; ++i) 
    {
        if(read_g->seq[i].c != HAP_LABLE) continue;
        R_bases += coverage_cut[i].e - coverage_cut[i].s;
        for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[i].length); j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            C_bases += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
        }
    }
    Hap_mean = 0;
    if(R_bases > 0) Hap_mean = C_bases/R_bases;



    long long peak0, peak1;
    calculate_peak(counts, m, &a, T_mean, Hap_mean, &peak0, &peak1);

   
    // fprintf(stderr, "T_mean: %lld, Hap_mean: %lld, peak0: %lld, peak1: %lld\n", 
    // T_mean, Hap_mean, peak0, peak1);


    (*junk_cov) = MIN(JUNK_COV, (peak0/2));
    if(peak1 == -1)
    {
        if(peak0 <= T_mean)
        {
            (*hap_cov) = peak0*1.5;
            (*dip_cov) = peak0*4.5;
        }
        else
        {
            (*hap_cov) = peak0*1.2;
            (*dip_cov) = peak0*3.6;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        num = MAX(T_mean, (peak0+peak1)/2);
        (*hap_cov) = num;
        (*dip_cov) = num*3;
    }
    
    free(counts);
    kv_destroy(a.a);
}


uint32_t get_single_coverage(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, uint32_t rId)
{
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0;
    uint32_t j;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;

    R_bases += coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s;
    for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[rId].length); j++)
    {
        h = &(sources[rId].buffer[j]);
        C_bases += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
    }

    if(R_bases == 0) return 0;
    return (C_bases/R_bases);
}

void print_node(asg_t* g, ma_ug_t *ug)
{
    int input_iv;
    uint32_t iv, v;
    asg_arc_t *av, *aw;
    uint32_t nv, nw, i, k, w;
    while (1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "\n\ninput v: ");
        if(scanf("%d", &input_iv) == 0) break;
        if(input_iv == -1) break;
        iv = input_iv;
        iv = iv << 1;

        v = iv;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        fprintf(stderr, "0**************v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, c: %u, del: %u, len: %u**************\n", 
        v>>1, v&1, (uint32_t)g->seq[v>>1].c, (uint32_t)g->seq[v>>1].del, g->seq[v>>1].len);
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            w = av[i].v;
            fprintf(stderr, "(%u) w>>1: %u, w&1: %u, ol: %u, eLen: %u\n", 
            i, w>>1, w&1, av[i].ol, (uint32_t)av[i].ul);
            

            aw = asg_arc_a(g, w^1);
            nw = asg_arc_n(g, w^1);
            for (k = 0; k < nw; k++)
            {
                if(aw[k].del) continue;
                if(aw[k].v == (v^1)) break;
            }

            fprintf(stderr, "self>>1: %u, self&1: %u, out>>1: %u, out^1: %u, is_sym: %u\n", 
            (uint32_t)(av[i].ul>>33), (uint32_t)((av[i].ul>>32)&1), av[i].v>>1, av[i].v&1, 
            (uint32_t)(k != nw));

        }






        v = iv^1;
        av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);
        fprintf(stderr, "1**************v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, c: %u, del: %u, len: %u**************\n", 
        v>>1, v&1, (uint32_t)g->seq[v>>1].c, (uint32_t)g->seq[v>>1].del, (uint32_t)g->seq[v>>1].len);
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            w = av[i].v;
            fprintf(stderr, "w>>1: %u, w&1: %u, ol: %u, eLen: %u\n", 
            w>>1, w&1, (uint32_t)av[i].ol, (uint32_t)av[i].ul);
            

            aw = asg_arc_a(g, w^1);
            nw = asg_arc_n(g, w^1);
            for (k = 0; k < nw; k++)
            {
                if(aw[k].del) continue;
                if(aw[k].v == (v^1)) break;
            }

            fprintf(stderr, "self>>1: %u, self&1: %u, out>>1: %u, out^1: %u, is_sym: %u\n", 
            (uint32_t)(av[i].ul>>33), (uint32_t)((av[i].ul>>32)&1), av[i].v>>1, av[i].v&1, 
            (uint32_t)(k != nw));

        }

        if(ug != NULL)
        {
            ma_utg_t *ma_v = &(ug->u.a[v>>1]);
            fprintf(stderr, "\n###\nma_v->n: %u, ma_v->len: %u\n", ma_v->n, ma_v->len);
            fprintf(stderr, "start>>1: %u, start&1: %u, end>>1: %u, end&1: %u\n", 
            ma_v->start>>1, ma_v->start&1, ma_v->end>>1, ma_v->end&1);
            for (i = 0; i < ma_v->n; i++)
            {
                v = ma_v->a[i]>>32;
                fprintf(stderr, "i: %u, v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, len: %u\n", 
                i, v>>1, v&1, (uint32_t)ma_v->a[i]);
            }
            
        }
    }
}

/*************************************for tangle resolve*************************************/

void recover_edges(asg_t* nsg, kvec_t_u64_warp* edges, uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t n,
uint32_t beg, uint32_t end, uint32_t beg_c, uint32_t end_c, uint32_t is_recover_edges)
{
    uint32_t i, v;
    asg_arc_t *a = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        v = (uint32_t)nodes[i];
        nsg->seq[v].del = 0;
        nsg->seq[v].c = (nodes[i]>>32);
    }
    nsg->seq[beg>>1].c = beg_c; nsg->seq[beg>>1].del = 0;
    nsg->seq[end>>1].c = end_c; nsg->seq[end>>1].del = 0;

    if(is_recover_edges)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < edges->a.n; i++)
        {
            a = &(nsg->arc[(uint32_t)edges->a.a[i]]);
            a->del = 0;
        }
    }
}

///note: nodes does not have directions
void save_all_edges(kvec_t_u64_warp* u_vecs, asg_t* nsg, uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t n,
uint32_t beg, uint32_t end, uint32_t* beg_c, uint32_t* end_c)
{
    uint32_t i, v, nv, k;
    uint64_t tmp;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    u_vecs->a.n = 0;

    (*beg_c) = nsg->seq[beg>>1].c;
    (*end_c) = nsg->seq[end>>1].c;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        v = (uint32_t)nodes[i];
        tmp = nsg->seq[v].c; tmp = tmp<<32; tmp = (tmp)|((uint64_t)v);
        nodes[i] = tmp;

        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;

        v = v<<1;
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs->a, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[k].ol << 32 | (av - nsg->arc + k)));   
        }
        

        v = v^1;
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs->a, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[k].ol << 32 | (av - nsg->arc + k)));   
        }
    }

    v = beg;
    if((!nsg->seq[v>>1].del)&&(nsg->seq[v>>1].c!=ALTER_LABLE))
    {
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                if((av[k].v>>1)==((uint32_t)nodes[i])) break;
            }
            if(i==n) continue;
            kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs->a, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[k].ol << 32 | (av - nsg->arc + k)));   
        }
    }
    



    v = end^1;
    if((!nsg->seq[v>>1].del)&&(nsg->seq[v>>1].c!=ALTER_LABLE))
    {
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                if((av[k].v>>1)==((uint32_t)nodes[i])) break;
            }
            if(i==n) continue;
            kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs->a, (uint64_t)((uint64_t)av[k].ol << 32 | (av - nsg->arc + k)));   
        }
    }
}

///beg and end have directions, while nodes does not have
int drop_tips_at_tangle(asg_t* nsg, uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t n, uint32_t beg, uint32_t end, 
buf_t* bb)
{
    uint32_t i, v, k, m, convex, return_flag, next_tips = 1, reduce = 0;
    long long ll, tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
    
    while(next_tips > 0)
    {
        next_tips = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            v = (uint32_t)nodes[i];
            if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
            if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
            v = v<<1;

            for (k = 0; k < 2; k++)
            {
                v = v|k;
                if(get_real_length(nsg, v^1, NULL) != 0) continue;

                bb->b.n = 0;
                return_flag = get_unitig(nsg, NULL, v, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                        &max_stop_baseLen, 1, bb);
                if(return_flag == LOOP) continue;
                if(return_flag == MUL_OUTPUT) next_tips++;

                for(m = 0; m < bb->b.n; m++)
                {
                    if(((bb->b.a[m]>>1)==(beg>>1)) || ((bb->b.a[m]>>1)==(end>>1))) break;
                }
                ///means this unitig consists of beg or end 
                if(m != bb->b.n) continue;

                for(m = 0; m < bb->b.n; m++)
                {
                    nsg->seq[(bb->b.a[m]>>1)].c = ALTER_LABLE;
                }

                for(m = 0; m < bb->b.n; m++)
                {
                    asg_seq_drop(nsg, (bb->b.a[m]>>1));
                }
                
                reduce++;
            }
        }
    }
    
    return reduce;
}

///max_dist is ok, since tangle shouldn't be too large
int pop_bubble_at_tangle(ma_ug_t *ug, uint64_t max_dist, uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t n, uint32_t beg, uint32_t end,
uint32_t positive_flag, uint32_t negative_flag)
{
    asg_t *g = ug->g;
    uint32_t i, v, k, n_vtx = g->n_seq*2;
    uint64_t n_pop = 0;
    buf_t b;
    if (!g->is_symm) asg_symm(g);
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    b.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));

    v = beg;
    if((!g->seq[v>>1].del)&&(g->seq[v>>1].c!=ALTER_LABLE)&&get_real_length(g, v, NULL)>=2)
    {
        n_pop += asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, ug, v, max_dist, &b, positive_flag, negative_flag, 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 1);
    }

    v = end^1;
    if((!g->seq[v>>1].del)&&(g->seq[v>>1].c!=ALTER_LABLE)&&get_real_length(g, v, NULL)>=2)
    {
        n_pop += asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, ug, v, max_dist, &b, positive_flag, negative_flag, 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 1);
    }


    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        v = (uint32_t)nodes[i];
        if(g->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(g->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        v = v<<1;

        for (k = 0; k < 2; k++)
        {
            v = v|k;
            if(get_real_length(g, v, NULL)<=1) continue;
            n_pop += asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, ug, v, max_dist, &b, positive_flag, negative_flag, 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 1);
        }
    }

    free(b.a); free(b.S.a); free(b.T.a); free(b.b.a); free(b.e.a);
    ///if (n_pop) asg_cleanup(g);
    return n_pop;
}


int find_spec_node(asg_t *nsg, uint32_t vBeg, uint32_t vDest, uint32_t* forbidden_nodes, 
uint32_t forbidden_nodes_n, long long max_nodes, buf_t* bb, uint8_t* visit, ma_ug_t *ug)
{
    uint32_t nv, un_visit;
    asg_arc_t *av;

    memset(visit, 0, nsg->n_seq);
    kdq_t(uint32_t) *buf;
    buf = kdq_init(uint32_t);

    uint32_t vEnd, i, k, v, is_found = 0, return_flag;
    long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen, totalNodes = 0;

    bb->b.n = 0;
    if(get_unitig(nsg, ug, vBeg, &vEnd, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, bb)==LOOP)
    {
        kdq_destroy(uint32_t, buf);

        for (i = 0; i < bb->b.n; i++)
        {
            if(bb->b.a[i] == vDest) break;
        }
        if(i != bb->b.n) return 1;

        return 0;
    }
    

    for (i = 0; i < bb->b.n; i++)
    {
        Set_vis(visit, bb->b.a[i], 0);
        ///Set_vis(visit, bb->b.a[i]^1, 0);
    }

    if(forbidden_nodes != NULL && forbidden_nodes_n != 0)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < forbidden_nodes_n; i++)
        {
            Set_vis(visit, forbidden_nodes[i], 0);
        }
    }
    
    

    v = vBeg;
    kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, v);

    while (kdq_size(buf) != 0)
    {

        v = *(kdq_pop(uint32_t, buf));

        bb->b.n = 0;
        return_flag = get_unitig(nsg, ug, v, &vEnd, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, bb);

        for (i = 0; i < bb->b.n; i++)
        {
            if(bb->b.a[i] == vDest) break;
        }

        if(i != bb->b.n) 
        {
            is_found = 1;
            break;
        }
        
        if(return_flag == LOOP) break;

        totalNodes += nodeLen;
        if(totalNodes > max_nodes) break;
        
        v = vEnd;
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
        
            if(Get_vis(visit,av[k].v, 0)!=0) continue;

            un_visit = 0;
            bb->b.n = 0;
            get_unitig(nsg, ug, av[k].v, &vEnd, &nodeLen, &baseLen, 
                                        &max_stop_nodeLen, &max_stop_baseLen, 1, bb);
            for (i = 0; i < bb->b.n; i++)
            {
                if(Get_vis(visit, bb->b.a[i], 0) != 0) break;
            }
            if(i == bb->b.n) un_visit = 1;

            if(un_visit)
            {
                kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, av[k].v);
                for (i = 0; i < bb->b.n; i++)
                {
                    Set_vis(visit, bb->b.a[i], 0);
                }
            }
            
        }
    }

    kdq_destroy(uint32_t, buf);
    return is_found;
}

int drop_useless_edges(ma_ug_t *ug, buf_t* bb, uint8_t* visit, uint32_t beg, uint32_t end, 
uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t nodes_n, uint32_t NodesThres)
{
    asg_t *nsg = ug->g;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    uint32_t v, w, nv, i, k, dest, n_reduce = 0;
    uint32_t reach_beg[2];
    uint32_t reach_end[2];
    reach_beg[0] = reach_beg[1] = reach_end[0] = reach_end[1] = 0;

    v = beg; dest = end; 
    if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) > 1)
    {
        w = v^1;
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(find_spec_node(nsg, av[k].v, dest, &w, 1, NodesThres, bb, visit, ug) == 0)
            {
                // if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL)<=1)
                // {
                //     fprintf(stderr, "false edge: beg: %u, end: %u\n", (uint32_t)(av[k].ul>>33), av[k].v>>1);
                // }
                
                av[k].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(nsg, av[k].v^1, ((uint32_t)(av[k].ul>>32))^1, 1);
                n_reduce++;
            }
        }
    }
    


    v = end^1; dest = beg^1; 
    if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) > 1)
    {
        w = v^1;
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(find_spec_node(nsg, av[k].v, dest, &w, 1, NodesThres, bb, visit, ug) == 0)
            {
                // if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL)<=1)
                // {
                //     fprintf(stderr, "false edge: beg: %u, end: %u\n", (uint32_t)(av[k].ul>>33), av[k].v>>1);
                // }

                av[k].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(nsg, av[k].v^1, ((uint32_t)(av[k].ul>>32))^1, 1);
                n_reduce++;
            }
        }
    }

    uint32_t drop_dest, forbid_dest, drop_node;
    for (i = 0; i < nodes_n; i++)
    {
        v = (uint32_t)nodes[i];
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        v = v<<1;

        for (k = 0; k < 2; k++)
        {
            v = v|k;

            w = end;
            reach_beg[k] = find_spec_node(nsg, v, beg^1, &w, 1, NodesThres, bb, visit, ug);
            w = beg^1;
            reach_end[k] = find_spec_node(nsg, v, end, &w, 1, NodesThres, bb, visit, ug);
        }

        if((reach_beg[0]+reach_end[0])==0 || (reach_beg[1]+reach_end[1])==0) continue;

        k = drop_dest = forbid_dest = (uint32_t)-1;
        if((reach_beg[0]+reach_end[0])==1 && (reach_beg[1]+reach_end[1])>1) k = 0;
        if((reach_beg[0]+reach_end[0])>1 && (reach_beg[1]+reach_end[1])==1) k = 1;
        if(k == (uint32_t)-1) continue;

        drop_node = (uint32_t)nodes[i]; 
        drop_node = drop_node <<1; 
        drop_node = drop_node | (uint32_t)(1-k);
        if(reach_beg[k]==1)
        {
            //drop_dest = beg^1; forbid_dest = end;
            drop_dest = end; forbid_dest = beg^1;
        }

        if(reach_end[k]==1)
        {
            //drop_dest = end; forbid_dest = beg^1;
            drop_dest = beg^1; forbid_dest = end;
        }

        if(drop_dest == (uint32_t)-1 || forbid_dest == (uint32_t)-1) continue;

        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, drop_node);
        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, drop_node);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(find_spec_node(nsg, av[k].v, drop_dest, &forbid_dest, 1, NodesThres, bb, visit, ug) == 0)
            {
                av[k].del = 1;
                asg_arc_del(nsg, av[k].v^1, ((uint32_t)(av[k].ul>>32))^1, 1);

                // fprintf(stderr, "false inner edge: beg: %u, end: %u\n", 
                // (uint32_t)(av[k].ul>>33), av[k].v>>1);

                n_reduce++;
            }
        }

    }

    return n_reduce;
}

int detec_circles(asg_t *nsg, uint32_t vSrc, uint32_t vDest,  
uint8_t* visit, ma_ug_t *ug, uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t nodes_n)
{
    uint32_t nv, nw, knw, i, k, v, w;
    asg_arc_t *av, *aw;

    memset(visit, 0, nsg->n_seq);
    kdq_t(uint32_t) *buf;
    buf = kdq_init(uint32_t);

    vDest = vDest^1;

    Set_vis(visit, vSrc, 1);
    Set_vis(visit, vDest, 1);
    kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, vSrc);
    kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, vDest);

    for (i = 0; i < nodes_n; i++)
    {
        v = (uint32_t)nodes[i];
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        v = v<<1;

        for (k = 0; k < 2; k++)
        {
            v = v|k;
            if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL)==0)
            {
                Set_vis(visit, v, 1);
                kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, v^1);
            }
        }
    }



    while (kdq_size(buf) != 0)
    {
        v = *(kdq_pop(uint32_t, buf));
        ///if(Get_vis(visit, v, 1) == 0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");

        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        for(k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            w = av[k].v^1;
            if(nsg->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
            if(Get_vis(visit, w, 1) != 0) continue;

            ///check indegree
            nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, w);
            aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, w);
            for (i = 0, knw = 0; i < nw; i++)
            {
                if(aw[i].del) continue;
                if(Get_vis(visit, aw[i].v, 1) != 0) continue;
                knw++;
            }

            if(knw == 0)
            {
                kdq_push(uint32_t, buf, w^1);
                Set_vis(visit, (w^1), 1);
            }
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < nodes_n; i++)
    {
        v = (uint32_t)nodes[i];
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        v = v<<1;
        if(Get_vis(visit, v, 1) == 0) return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

inline void check_connective(asg_t *nsg, uint32_t vBeg, uint32_t vEnd, long long totalNodeLen, buf_t* bb, 
uint8_t* visit, ma_ug_t *ug, uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t nodes_n, uint32_t* is_connect, 
uint32_t* is_circle)
{
    uint32_t w;
    (*is_connect) = (*is_circle) = 0;
    
    w = vBeg^1;
    (*is_connect) = find_spec_node(nsg, vBeg, vEnd, &w, 1, totalNodeLen, bb, visit, ug);
    (*is_circle) = detec_circles(nsg, vBeg, vEnd, visit, ug, nodes, nodes_n);
}


inline uint32_t process_tangles(ma_ug_t *ug, uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t nodes_n, uint32_t beg, uint32_t end,
buf_t* bb, uint8_t* visit, uint32_t trio_flag, long long totalNodeLen, long long totalBaseLen)
{
    uint32_t n_reduce = 1, v, w, kv, is_found = 0;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;

    while (n_reduce != 0)
    {
        while (n_reduce != 0)
        {
            n_reduce = 0;
            n_reduce += drop_tips_at_tangle(nsg, nodes, nodes_n, beg, end, bb);
            n_reduce += pop_bubble_at_tangle(ug, totalBaseLen, nodes, nodes_n, beg, end, trio_flag, DROP);
        }
        n_reduce = drop_useless_edges(ug, bb, visit, beg, end, nodes, nodes_n, totalNodeLen);
    }

    // if(pop_bubble_at_tangle(ug, 10000000, nodes, nodes_n, beg, end, trio_flag, DROP)!=0)
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "false bubble popping: beg: %u, end: %u\n", beg>>1, end>>1);
    // }

    v = beg;
    is_found = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        if(v == end) is_found = 1;
        if(is_found == 1) break;

        kv = get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL);
        if(kv!=1) break;
        kv = get_real_length(nsg, v, &w);
        if(get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL)!=1) break;

        v = w;
        if(v == beg) break;
    }

    return is_found;
}

uint32_t cut_edges_progressive(ma_ug_t *ug, kvec_t_u64_warp* edges, float drop_ratio,
uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t nodes_n, uint32_t beg, uint32_t end, buf_t* bb, uint8_t* visit, 
uint32_t trio_flag, long long totalNodeLen, long long totalBaseLen)
{
    uint32_t k, v, i, kv, w, nv, ov_max, ban, is_found = 0;
    asg_arc_t *a = NULL, *av = NULL;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    radix_sort_arch64(edges->a.a, edges->a.a + edges->a.n);
    for (k = 0; k < edges->a.n; k++)
    {
        a = &nsg->arc[(uint32_t)edges->a.a[k]];
        if(a->del) continue;
        v = (a->ul)>>32; w = a->v;
        if(nsg->seq[v>>1].del || nsg->seq[v>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[w>>1].del || nsg->seq[w>>1].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;

        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, v);
        if(nv<=1) continue;

        ov_max = 0;
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, v);
        for(i = 0, kv = 0; i < nv; ++i) 
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            if(ov_max < av[i].ol) ov_max = av[i].ol;
            ++kv;
        }

        if(kv<=1) continue;
        if(a->ol > ov_max * drop_ratio) continue;
        asg_arc_del(nsg, v, w, 1);
        asg_arc_del(nsg, w^1, v^1, 1);

        ban = beg^1;
        if(find_spec_node(nsg, beg, end, &ban, 1, totalNodeLen, bb, visit, ug) == 0)
        {
            is_found = 0;
            asg_arc_del(nsg, v, w, 0);
            asg_arc_del(nsg, w^1, v^1, 0);
            break;
        }

        is_found = process_tangles(ug, nodes, nodes_n, beg, end, bb, visit, trio_flag, totalNodeLen,
        totalBaseLen);
        if(is_found == 1) break;
    }

    return is_found;
}

///1. drop tips 2. break edges 3. drop tips 4. do bubble popping
///beg and end have direction, but nsu->a doesn't have
///note here we do everything on src, instead of ug
void unroll_tangle(ma_ug_t *ug, ma_ug_t *length_ug, uint64_t* nodes, uint64_t nodes_n, 
uint32_t beg, uint32_t end, kvec_t_u64_warp* edges, uint32_t trio_flag, buf_t* bb, uint8_t* visit,
float drop_ratio)
{
    uint32_t v, w, is_found = 0, convex, i, beg_c, end_c;
    long long tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen, begLen, endLen, missLen;
    long long totalNodeLen = 0, totalBaseLen = 0;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    edges->a.n = 0;
    save_all_edges(edges, nsg, nodes, nodes_n, beg, end, &beg_c, &end_c);


    for (i = 0; i < nodes_n; i++)
    {
        v = (uint32_t)nodes[i];
        totalNodeLen += ug->u.a[v].n;
        totalBaseLen += ug->g->seq[v].len;
    }
    totalNodeLen += ug->u.a[beg>>1].n + ug->u.a[end>>1].n + 1;
    totalBaseLen += ug->g->seq[beg>>1].len + ug->g->seq[end>>1].len + 1;
    ///each might be visited twice
    totalNodeLen = totalNodeLen * 2;
    totalBaseLen = totalBaseLen * 2;

    /**************************debug**************************/
    // uint32_t debug_is_access = 0, debug_is_circle = 0;
    // check_connective(nsg, beg, end, totalNodeLen, bb, visit, ug, nodes, nodes_n, &debug_is_access, 
    // &debug_is_circle);
    // if(debug_is_access==0) fprintf(stderr, "Cannot approch end: beg: %u, end: %u\n", beg>>1, end>>1);
    // if(debug_is_circle==0) fprintf(stderr, "Not circle: beg: %u, end: %u\n", beg>>1, end>>1);
    // if(debug_is_circle==1) fprintf(stderr, "Circle: beg: %u, end: %u\n", beg>>1, end>>1);
    /**************************debug**************************/

    is_found = process_tangles(ug, nodes, nodes_n, beg, end, bb, visit, trio_flag, totalNodeLen, 
    totalBaseLen);

    ///if(is_found == 1) fprintf(stderr, "***Found: beg>>1: %u, end>>1: %u\n", beg>>1, end>>1);

    if(is_found == 0)
    {
        is_found = cut_edges_progressive(ug, edges, drop_ratio, nodes, nodes_n, 
        beg, end, bb, visit, trio_flag, totalNodeLen, totalBaseLen);

        ///if(is_found == 1) fprintf(stderr, "***Cutting Found: beg>>1: %u, end>>1: %u\n", beg>>1, end>>1);
    }
    

    if(is_found == 1)
    {
        get_unitig(length_ug->g, length_ug, beg^1, &convex, &begLen, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                        &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);

        get_unitig(length_ug->g, length_ug, end, &convex, &endLen, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                        &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);


        missLen = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < nodes_n; i++)
        {
            v = (uint32_t)nodes[i];
            if(nsg->seq[v].del || nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE)
            {
                missLen += ug->u.a[v].n;
            }
        }
        ///resolved!
        if(missLen <= (begLen+endLen)*TANGLE_MISSED_THRES)
        {
            is_found = 0;
            w = beg^1;
            is_found = find_spec_node(nsg, beg, end, &w, 1, totalNodeLen, bb, visit, ug);
        }
        else
        {
            is_found = 0;
        }        
    }
    

    recover_edges(nsg, edges, nodes, nodes_n, beg, end, beg_c, end_c, 1-is_found);

}

void resolve_tangles(ma_ug_t *src, asg_t *read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long minLongUntig, 
long long maxShortUntig, float l_untig_rate, float max_node_threshold, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t trio_flag, 
float drop_ratio)
{
    buf_t b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    uint32_t i, v, w, sv, n_vtx, beg, end, next_uID = (uint32_t)-1;
    kvec_t_u32_warp u_vecs;
    kv_init(u_vecs.a);

    kvec_t_u64_warp e_vecs;
    kv_init(e_vecs.a);


    
    ///note: we must reset start for each unitig
    n_vtx = src->g->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(src->g->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(src->u.a[v].m==0) continue;
        if(!(src->u.a[v].circ))
        {
            src->u.a[v].start = src->u.a[v].a[0]>>32;
        }
        else
        {
            src->u.a[v].start = UINT32_MAX;
        }
    }

    ///adjust_utg_advance(read_g, src, reverse_sources, ruIndex);
    ///note: we must reset start for each unitig
    n_vtx = src->g->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(src->g->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(src->u.a[v].m==0) continue;
        EvaluateLen(src->u, v) = src->u.a[v].n;
    }
    




    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = copy_untig_graph(src);

    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        ///nsg->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        EvaluateLen(ug->u, v) = ug->u.a[v].n;
        IsMerge(ug->u, v) = 0;
    }

    uint8_t* visit = NULL;
    visit = (uint8_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint8_t) * nsg->n_seq);
    uint32_t n_reduce, flag;
    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq * 2;
    
    while (1)
    {
        n_reduce = 0;
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            //as for return value: 0: do nothing, 1: unroll, 2: convex
            //we just need 1
            sv = v;
            flag = 0;
            while (1)
            {
                flag = walk_through(read_g, ug, reverse_sources, minLongUntig, 
                    maxShortUntig, l_untig_rate, max_node_threshold, &b_0, &b_1, 
                    &u_vecs, visit, sv, &beg, &end, &next_uID, ruIndex);
                n_reduce += flag;
                if(flag != UNROLL_M)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if(n_reduce == 0) break;
    }

    asg_cleanup(nsg);
	asg_symm(nsg);

    uint32_t uId, rId, is_Unitig, m, pre;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    for (v = 0; v < src->g->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(src->u.a[v]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(src->g->seq[v].del) continue;
        for (i = 0; i < nsu->n; i++)
        {
            rId = nsu->a[i]>>33;
            ///ori = nsu->a[k]>>32&1;
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, uId, 1, &(read_g->seq[rId].c));
        }
    }


    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[v]);
        m = 0;
        pre = (uint32_t)(-1);
        for (i = 0; i < nsu->n; i++)
        {
            rId = nsu->a[i]>>33;
            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &uId, &is_Unitig);
            if(is_Unitig != 1 || uId == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
            if(i > 0 && pre == uId) continue;
            pre = uId;
            nsu->a[m] = uId;
            m++;
        }
        nsu->n = m;
    }

    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    for (i = 0; i < n_vtx; ++i) 
    {
        v = i;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[v]);
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(IsMerge(ug->u, v) == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;

        v = v<<1;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 1) continue;
        get_real_length(nsg, v, &w);
        if(get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL) != 1) continue;
        if(IsMerge(ug->u, w>>1) != 0) continue;
        beg = w^1;


        v = v^1;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 1) continue;
        get_real_length(nsg, v, &w);
        if(get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL) != 1) continue;
        if(IsMerge(ug->u, w>>1) != 0) continue;
        end = w;


        
        

        ///we have three types of merged nodes
        ///1) CONVEX_M: one direction has two out-nodes, another direction has one out-node
        ///2) UNROLL_E: one direction has one out-node, another direction doesn't has out-node
        ///3) UNROLL_M: both directions have one out-node
        ///here we just need UNROLL_M
        ///beg and end must be unchanged in src
        unroll_tangle(src, ug, nsu->a, nsu->n, beg, end, &e_vecs, trio_flag, &b_0, visit, drop_ratio);

        /**
        v = v<<1;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 1)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\nERROR 1, v>>1: %u, get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL): %u\n", 
            v>>1, get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL));
            for (m = 0; m < nsu->n; m++)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "uId: %lu, ", nsu->a[m]);
            }
            fprintf(stderr, "\n");
            continue;
        } 
        get_real_length(nsg, v, &w);
        if(get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL) != 1)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\nERROR 2, v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL): %u\n", 
            v>>1, v&1, get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL));
            for (m = 0; m < nsu->n; m++)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "uId: %lu, ", nsu->a[m]);
            }
            fprintf(stderr, "\n");
            continue;
        } 
        if(IsMerge(ug->u, w>>1) != 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\nERROR 3, v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, IsMerge(ug->u, w>>1): %u\n", v>>1, v&1, 
            IsMerge(ug->u, w>>1));
            for (m = 0; m < nsu->n; m++)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "uId: %lu, ", nsu->a[m]);
            }
            fprintf(stderr, "\n");
            continue;
        } 
        beg = w^1;


        v = v^1;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 1)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\nERROR 4, v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL): %u\n", 
            v>>1, v&1, get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL));
            for (m = 0; m < nsu->n; m++)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "uId: %lu, ", nsu->a[m]);
            }
            fprintf(stderr, "\n");
            continue;
        } 
        get_real_length(nsg, v, &w);
        if(get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL) != 1)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\nERROR 5, v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL): %u\n", 
            v>>1, v&1, get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL));
            for (m = 0; m < nsu->n; m++)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "uId: %lu, ", nsu->a[m]);
            }
            fprintf(stderr, "\n");
            continue;
        } 
        if(IsMerge(ug->u, w>>1) != 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "\nERROR 6, v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, IsMerge(ug->u, w>>1): %u\n", v>>1, v&1, 
            IsMerge(ug->u, w>>1));
            for (m = 0; m < nsu->n; m++)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "uId: %lu, ", nsu->a[m]);
            }
            fprintf(stderr, "\n");
            continue;
        } 
        end = w;

        
        fprintf(stderr, "\n***\nbeg>>1: %u, beg&1: %u\n", beg>>1, beg&1);
        fprintf(stderr, "end>>1: %u, end&1: %u\n", end>>1, end&1);
        **/
    }


    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }

    kv_destroy(u_vecs.a);
    kv_destroy(e_vecs.a);
    
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    free(visit);
    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);

    ///note: we must reset start for each unitig
    n_vtx = src->g->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(src->g->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(src->u.a[v].m==0) continue;
        if(!(src->u.a[v].circ))
        {
            src->u.a[v].start = src->u.a[v].a[0]>>32;
        }
        else
        {
            src->u.a[v].start = UINT32_MAX;
        }
    }
    ///adjust_utg_advance(read_g, src, reverse_sources, ruIndex);
    ///note: we must reset start for each unitig
    n_vtx = src->g->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(src->g->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(src->u.a[v].m==0) continue;
        EvaluateLen(src->u, v) = src->u.a[v].n;
    }
    ///print_untig_by_read(src, "m64076_200203_181219/82511682/ccs", 2429597, NULL, NULL, "end-1");
    
}


/*************************************for tangle resolve*************************************/

uint32_t copy_ug_node(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* nsg, uint32_t v)
{
    ma_utg_t *p;
    ma_utg_t *o = &(ug->u.a[v]);
    uint32_t n_node = nsg->n_seq;
    asg_seq_set(nsg, n_node, nsg->seq[v].len, 0);
    kv_pushp(ma_utg_t, ug->u, &p);

    p->s = 0, p->start = o->start, p->end = o->end, p->len = o->len;
    p->n = o->n, p->circ = o->circ, p->m = o->m;
    p->a = (uint64_t*)malloc(8 * p->m);
    memcpy(p->a, o->a, (8*p->m));

    return n_node;
}


///v and w here have directions
uint32_t collect_ma_utg_ts(ma_ug_t *ug, uint32_t v, uint32_t w, ma_utg_t* result)
{
    uint32_t des_dir = w&1;
    long long i;
    uint64_t* aim = NULL;
    ma_utg_t *ma_w = &(ug->u.a[w>>1]);

    if(v == (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        result->start = ma_w->start;
        result->circ = ma_w->circ;
        result->end = ma_w->end;
        result->len = ma_w->len;
        result->n = 0;
    }

    
    if(result->m < (result->n + ma_w->n))
    {
        result->m = (result->n + ma_w->n);
        result->a = (uint64_t*)realloc(result->a, result->m * sizeof(uint64_t));
    }

    aim = result->a + result->n;

    if(des_dir == 1)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < (long long)ma_w->n; i++)
        {
            aim[ma_w->n - i - 1] = (ma_w->a[i])^(uint64_t)(0x100000000);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for (i = 0; i < (long long)ma_w->n; i++)
        {
            aim[i] = ma_w->a[i];
        }
    }

    result->n = result->n + ma_w->n;
    return 1;
}


void debug_utg_graph(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* read_g, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* edge, int require_equal_nv, int test_tangle)
{
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t n_vtx = nsg->n_seq, i, j, k, l, totalLen, v, nv, nw, w, untig_v, rid_v;
    asg_arc_t *aw = NULL, *av = NULL, *t_v = NULL, *t_w = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < n_vtx; i++)
    {
        if(ug->g->seq[i].del) continue;

        totalLen = 0;
        ma_utg_t* result = &(ug->u.a[i]);
        if(result->n == 0) continue;
        v = (uint64_t)(result->a[0])>>32;
        if(result->start != UINT32_MAX && result->start != v) fprintf(stderr, "hehe\n");
        v = (uint64_t)(result->a[result->n-1])>>32;
        if(result->end != UINT32_MAX && result->end != (v^1)) fprintf(stderr, "haha\n");
        uint64_t end_index = result->n-1;
        if(result->start == UINT32_MAX && result->end == UINT32_MAX) end_index++;
        for (j = 0; j < end_index; j++)
        {
            v = (uint64_t)(result->a[j])>>32;
            if(j == result->n-1)
            {
                w = (uint64_t)(result->a[0])>>32; 
            }
            else
            {
                w = (uint64_t)(result->a[j+1])>>32; 
            }
            
            

            av = asg_arc_a(read_g, v);
            nv = asg_arc_n(read_g, v);
            l = (uint32_t)-1;
            for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
            {
                if(av[k].del) continue;
                if(av[k].v == w) 
                {
                    l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                    break;
                }
            }

            if(edge && k == nv)
            {
                for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
                {
                    if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
                    if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == v && edge->a.a[k].v == w)
                    {
                        l = asg_arc_len(edge->a.a[k]);
                        k = nv + 1;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if(k == nv) fprintf(stderr ,"******error, j: %u, k: %u, nv: %u\n", j, k, nv);
            if(l != (uint32_t)(result->a[j]))
            {
                fprintf(stderr ,"(i: %u) ERROR Length, l: %u, result->a[j]: %u, j: %u, k: %u, nv: %u, circ: %u, result->n: %u\n", 
                            i, l, (uint32_t)(result->a[j]), j, k, nv, result->circ, (uint32_t)result->n);
            }
             
            totalLen = totalLen + l;
        }


        if(j < result->n)
        {
            v = (uint64_t)(result->a[j])>>32;
            l = read_g->seq[v>>1].len;
            if(l != (uint32_t)(result->a[j])) fprintf(stderr ,"*** ERROR Length, i: %u\n", i);
            totalLen = totalLen + l;
        }

        if(totalLen != result->len)
        {
            fprintf(stderr ,"ERROR Total Length, i: %u\n", i);
        } 
                


        if(ug->u.a[i].start == UINT32_MAX && ug->u.a[i].end == UINT32_MAX) continue;

        v = i<<1; v=v^1;
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v);

        w = (ug->u.a[v>>1].start^1);
        aw = asg_arc_a(read_g, w);
        nw = asg_arc_n(read_g, w);


        if(require_equal_nv && get_real_length(ug->g, v, NULL) != get_real_length(read_g, w, NULL))
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "#########ERROR: i: %u, nv: %u, nw: %u\n", i, nv, nw);
        }

        for (j = 0; j < nv; j++)
        {
            if(av[j].del) continue;
            untig_v = av[j].v;
            if(untig_v&1) rid_v = ug->u.a[untig_v>>1].end;
            else rid_v = ug->u.a[untig_v>>1].start;

            t_v = t_w = NULL;
            for (k = 0; k < nw; k++)
            {
                if(aw[k].del) continue;
                if(aw[k].v == rid_v)
                {
                    t_w = &(aw[k]);
                    break;
                } 
                
            }

            if(edge && t_w == NULL)
            {
                for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
                {
                    if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
                    if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == w && edge->a.a[k].v == rid_v)
                    {
                        t_w = &(edge->a.a[k]);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if(t_w == NULL) fprintf(stderr, "#########ERROR: i: %u\n", i);
            t_v = &av[j];
            if(t_w && (t_v->ol != t_w->ol))
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "#########????????ERROR\n");
                fprintf(stderr, "nv: %u, nw: %u\n", nv, nw);
                fprintf(stderr, "av[%u].ol: %u, aw[%u].ol: %u, untig_v>>1: %u, untig_v&1: %u\n", 
                j, t_v->ol, k, t_w->ol, untig_v>>1, untig_v&1);
            }
        }






        v = v^1;
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v);

        w = (ug->u.a[v>>1].end^1);
        aw = asg_arc_a(read_g, w);
        nw = asg_arc_n(read_g, w);
        if(require_equal_nv && get_real_length(ug->g, v, NULL) != get_real_length(read_g, w, NULL))
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "*******ERROR: i: %u, nv: %u, nw: %u\n", i, nv, nw);
        }
        for (j = 0; j < nv; j++)
        {
            if(av[j].del) continue;
            untig_v = av[j].v;
            if(untig_v&1) rid_v = ug->u.a[untig_v>>1].end;
            else rid_v = ug->u.a[untig_v>>1].start;
            
            t_v = t_w = NULL;
            for (k = 0; k < nw; k++)
            {
                if(aw[k].del) continue;
                if(aw[k].v == rid_v)
                {
                    t_w = &(aw[k]);
                    break;
                } 
                
            }

            if(edge && t_w == NULL)
            {
                for (k = 0; k < edge->a.n; k++)
                {
                    if(edge->a.a[k].del) continue;
                    if((edge->a.a[k].ul>>32) == w && edge->a.a[k].v == rid_v)
                    {
                        t_w = &(edge->a.a[k]);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if(t_w == NULL) fprintf(stderr, "#########ERROR: i: %u\n", i);
            t_v = &av[j];
            if(t_w && (t_v->ol != t_w->ol))
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "#########????????ERROR\n");
                fprintf(stderr, "nv: %u, nw: %u\n", nv, nw);
                fprintf(stderr, "av[%u].ol: %u, aw[%u].ol: %u, untig_v>>1: %u, untig_v&1: %u\n", 
                j, t_v->ol, k, t_w->ol, untig_v>>1, untig_v&1);
            }
        }

    }


    if(test_tangle != 1) return;
    fprintf(stderr, "test_tangle: %u\n", test_tangle);
    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq * 2;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        uint32_t w1, w2, beg, end, rnw;
        if(nsg->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(asg_arc_n(nsg, v) < 1 || asg_arc_n(nsg, v^1) < 1) continue;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 1 || get_real_length(nsg, v^1, NULL) != 1) continue;
        get_real_length(nsg, v, &w1); get_real_length(nsg, v^1, &w2);

        ///for simple circle
        if(w1 == (w2^1))
        {
            beg = end = 0;
            aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, w1^1);
            nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, w1^1);
            for (i = 0, rnw = 0; i < nw; i++)
            {
                if(aw[i].del) continue;
                rnw++;
                if(aw[i].v == (v^1)) continue;
                beg = aw[i].v;
            }
            if(rnw != 2) continue;

            aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, w2^1);
            nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, w2^1);
            for (i = 0, rnw = 0; i < nw; i++)
            {
                if(aw[i].del) continue;
                rnw++;
                if(aw[i].v == v) continue;
                end = aw[i].v;
            }
            if(rnw != 2) continue;

            if(get_real_length(nsg, beg^1, NULL)!=1) continue;
            if(get_real_length(nsg, end^1, NULL)!=1) continue;
            if((beg>>1) == (end>>1)) continue;
            fprintf(stderr, "\n************\n");
        }
        else if(w1 == w2)
        {
            if(get_real_length(nsg, w1^1, NULL) != 2) continue;
            if(get_real_length(nsg, w1, NULL) != 2) continue;
            end = beg = (uint32_t)-1;

            aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, w1);
            nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, w1);
            for (i = 0, rnw = 0; i < nw && rnw < 2; i++)
            {
                if(aw[i].del) continue;
                if(rnw == 0) beg = aw[i].v;
                if(rnw == 1) end = aw[i].v;
                rnw++;
            }
            if((beg>>1) == (end>>1)) continue;
            if(get_real_length(nsg, beg^1, NULL)!=1) continue;
            if(get_real_length(nsg, end^1, NULL)!=1) continue;
            fprintf(stderr, "\n#################\n");
        }
    }
}

///just merge, don't delete anything
void merge_ug_nodes(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* read_g, kvec_t_u64_warp* array)
{
    if(array->a.n == 0) return;
    uint32_t i, k, v, w;
    ma_utg_t result;
    memset(&result, 0, sizeof(ma_utg_t));
    v = w = (uint32_t)-1;
    for (i = 0; i < array->a.n; i++)
    {
        w = array->a.a[i];
        collect_ma_utg_ts(ug, v, w, &result);
        v = w;
    }

    

    if(result.n == 0) return;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    uint32_t nv, l;
    result.len = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < result.n - 1; i++)
    {
        
        v = (uint64_t)(result.a[i])>>32;
        w = (uint64_t)(result.a[i + 1])>>32; 
        av = asg_arc_a(read_g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(read_g, v);
        l = 0;
        
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(av[k].v == w) 
            {
                l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                break;
            }
        }
        if(k == nv) fprintf(stderr ,"******error, i: %u, k: %u, nv: %u\n", i, k, nv);
        result.a[i] = v; result.a[i] = result.a[i]<<32; result.a[i] = result.a[i] | (uint64_t)(l);
        result.len += l;
    }
    

    if(i < result.n)
    {
        v = (uint64_t)(result.a[i])>>32;
        l = read_g->seq[v>>1].len;
        result.a[i] = v;
        result.a[i] = result.a[i]<<32;
        result.a[i] = result.a[i] | (uint64_t)(l);
        result.len += l;
    }
    //has already set result.a, result.len, result.n, result.m
    result.circ = 0;
    result.start = result.a[0]>>32;
    result.end = (result.a[result.n-1]>>32)^1;

    
    uint32_t beg_uid = array->a.a[0];
    uint32_t end_uid = array->a.a[array->a.n-1];
    uint32_t realLen = array->a.n;
    uint32_t new_uid = array->a.a[0]>>1;
    uint64_t kmp;





    /*******************************just for debug**********************************/
    /**
    if(beg_uid&1)
    {
        if(result.start != ug->u.a[beg_uid>>1].end)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if(result.start != ug->u.a[beg_uid>>1].start)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
        }
    }

    if(end_uid&1)
    {
        if(result.end != ug->u.a[end_uid>>1].start)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if(result.end != ug->u.a[end_uid>>1].end)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
        }
    }
    **/
    /*******************************just for debug**********************************/

    asg_arc_t *aw = NULL;
    uint32_t nw = 0;
    ///corresponding to direction 1 of new node
    v = beg_uid^1;
    av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
    nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v);
    ///fprintf(stderr, "beg_uid_v>>1: %u, beg_uid_v&1: %u, nv: %u\n", v>>1, v&1, nv);
    for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
    {
        if(av[k].del) continue;
        kmp = new_uid<<1; kmp = kmp^1; kmp = kmp << 32;

        ///if((av[k].v>>1) == (end_uid>>1)) continue;
        w = av[k].v^1; aw = asg_arc_a(ug->g, w); nw = asg_arc_n(ug->g, w);
        for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
        {
            if(aw[i].del) continue;
            if(aw[i].v == (v^1)) break;
        }
        if(i == nw) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR at %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
        kmp = kmp | (uint64_t)(aw[i].ol);


        ///kmp = kmp | (uint64_t)(((ug->g)->idx[v]>>32) + k);/**kmp = kmp | av[k].v;**/
        ///here kmp is ul
        kv_push(uint64_t, array->a, kmp);
        kmp = av[k].ol; kmp = kmp<<32; kmp = kmp|(uint64_t)(av[k].v);
        ///here kmp is ol + v
        kv_push(uint64_t, array->a, kmp);
        ///fprintf(stderr, "*av[%u].v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, ol: %u\n", k, av[k].v>>1, av[k].v&1, av[k].ol);
    }

    ///corresponding to direction 0 of new node
    v = end_uid;
    av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
    nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v);
    ///fprintf(stderr, "end_uid_v>>1: %u, end_uid_v&1: %u, nv: %u\n", v>>1, v&1, nv);
    for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
    {
        if(av[k].del) continue;
        kmp = new_uid<<1; kmp = kmp << 32;

        w = av[k].v^1; 
        aw = asg_arc_a(ug->g, w); 
        nw = asg_arc_n(ug->g, w);
        for (i = 0; i < nw; i++)
        {
            if(aw[i].del) continue;
            if(aw[i].v == (v^1)) break;
        }
        if(i == nw) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR at %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
        kmp = kmp | (uint64_t)(aw[i].ol);


        ///here kmp is ul
        kv_push(uint64_t, array->a, kmp);
        kmp = av[k].ol; kmp = kmp<<32; kmp = kmp|(uint64_t)(av[k].v);
        ///here kmp is ol + v
        kv_push(uint64_t, array->a, kmp);
        ///fprintf(stderr, "#av[%u].v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, ol: %u\n", k, av[k].v>>1, av[k].v&1, av[k].ol);
    }

    
    ma_utg_t* tmp;
    for (i = 0; i < realLen; i++)
    {
        w = array->a.a[i];
        tmp = &(ug->u.a[w>>1]);
        if(tmp->m != 0)
        {
            tmp->circ = tmp->end = tmp->len = tmp->m = tmp->n = tmp->start = 0;
            free(tmp->a);
            tmp->a = NULL;
        }
        asg_seq_del(ug->g, w>>1);
    }
    
    ug->u.a[beg_uid>>1] = result;
    ug->g->seq[beg_uid>>1].del = 0;

    uint32_t oLen = 0;
    for (; i < array->a.n; i += 2)
    {
        v = array->a.a[i]>>32;
        w = (uint32_t)array->a.a[i+1];
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        ///may have bug here, if there is an edge between beg_uid and end_uid
        ///if(((w>>1) == (beg_uid>>1)) || ((w>>1) == (end_uid>>1))) continue;
        if(((w>>1) == (beg_uid>>1)) || ((w>>1) == (end_uid>>1))) w = v;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/

        oLen = array->a.a[i+1]>>32;
        asg_append_edges_to_srt(ug->g, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, w, oLen, 0, 0, 0);
        oLen = (uint32_t)array->a.a[i];
        asg_append_edges_to_srt(ug->g, w^1, ug->u.a[w>>1].len, v^1, oLen, 0, 0, 0);
    }
}


void init_Edge_iter(asg_t* g, uint32_t v, asg_arc_t* new_edges, uint32_t new_edges_n, Edge_iter* x)
{
	x->av_i = x->new_edges_i = 0;
	x->g = g;
	x->av = asg_arc_a(g, v);
    x->nv = asg_arc_n(g, v);

	if(new_edges == NULL || new_edges_n == 0)
	{
		x->new_edges = NULL;
		x->new_edges_n = 0;
	}
	else
	{
		x->new_edges = new_edges;
		x->new_edges_n = new_edges_n;
	}
}

int get_arc_t(Edge_iter* x, asg_arc_t* get)
{
    for (; x->av_i < x->nv; x->av_i++)
    {
        if(x->av[x->av_i].del) continue;
        get = &(x->av[x->av_i]);
        x->av_i++;
        return 1;
    }


    for (; x->new_edges_i < x->new_edges_n; x->new_edges_i++)
    {
        if(x->new_edges[x->new_edges_i].del) continue;
        get = &(x->new_edges[x->new_edges_i]);
        x->new_edges_i++;
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}


void unroll_simple_case_advance(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, bub_label_t* b_mask_t, double dupLenThres)
{
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq * 2, rnw, nw, beg, end, i;
    uint32_t v_left, v_right, w_left, w_term, w_right, return_flag, convex, /**is_found,**/ n_reduce = 1;
    long long ll, rBase, dupBase, tmp, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
    asg_arc_t *aw;
    kvec_t_u64_warp u_vecs;
    kv_init(u_vecs.a);
    buf_t b_0, b_1;
    memset(&b_0, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    memset(&b_1, 0, sizeof(buf_t));
    if(b_mask_t)
    {
        uint64_t bub_dist = get_s_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(nsg, &(b_mask_t->b[0]));
        reset_bub_label_t(b_mask_t, nsg, bub_dist, 0);
    } 
    

    while (n_reduce > 0)
    {
        n_reduce = 0;
        ///break nearly circle, forget why...
        n_reduce += asg_arc_del_simple_circle_untig(NULL, NULL, nsg, 100, 0);
 
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            if (nsg->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
            v_left = v;
            if(asg_arc_n(nsg, v_left)<1) continue;
            if(get_real_length(nsg, v_left, NULL)!=1) continue;

            return_flag = get_unitig(nsg, NULL, v_left^1, &v_right, &ll, &rBase, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);
            if(return_flag == LOOP) continue;
            if(return_flag != MUL_INPUT) continue;
            if(asg_arc_n(nsg, v_right)<1) continue;
            if(get_real_length(nsg, v_right, NULL)!=1) continue;

            get_real_length(nsg, v_left, &w_left);
            get_real_length(nsg, v_right, &w_right);
            if((v_left>>1)==(w_left>>1)||(v_left>>1)==(w_right>>1)) continue;
            if((v_right>>1)==(w_left>>1)||(v_right>>1)==(w_right>>1)) continue;

            if(w_left!=w_right)
            {
                return_flag = get_unitig(nsg, NULL, w_left, &convex, &ll, &dupBase, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);
                if(return_flag == LOOP) continue;
                if(return_flag != MUL_OUTPUT) continue;
                if(convex != (w_right^1)) continue;


                beg = end = (uint32_t)-1;
                aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, w_left^1);
                nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, w_left^1);
                for (i = 0, rnw = 0; i < nw; i++)
                {
                    if(aw[i].del) continue;
                    rnw++;
                    if(aw[i].v == (v_left^1)) continue;
                    beg = aw[i].v;
                }
                if(rnw != 2) continue;

                aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, w_right^1);
                nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, w_right^1);
                for (i = 0, rnw = 0; i < nw; i++)
                {
                    if(aw[i].del) continue;
                    rnw++;
                    if(aw[i].v == (v_right^1)) continue;
                    end = aw[i].v;
                }
                if(rnw != 2) continue;

                if(get_real_length(nsg, beg^1, NULL)!=1) continue;
                if(get_real_length(nsg, end^1, NULL)!=1) continue;
                if((beg>>1) == (end>>1)) continue;

                u_vecs.a.n = 0;
                kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, beg^1);

                b_0.b.n = 0;
                get_unitig(nsg, NULL, w_left, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b_0);
                for (i = 0; i < b_0.b.n; i++)
                {
                    kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, b_0.b.a[i]);
                }
                b_0.b.n = 0;
                get_unitig(nsg, NULL, v_right^1, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b_0);
                for (i = 0; i < b_0.b.n; i++)
                {
                    kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, b_0.b.a[i]);
                }
                b_0.b.n = 0;
                get_unitig(nsg, NULL, w_left, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b_0);
                for (i = 0; i < b_0.b.n; i++)
                {
                    kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, b_0.b.a[i]);
                }

                kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, end);
                merge_ug_nodes(ug, read_g, &u_vecs);
                n_reduce++;

                // fprintf(stderr, "++1++v>>1: %u, w_left>>1: %u, w_right>>1: %u\n", 
                //                                             v>>1, w_left>>1, w_right>>1);
            }
            else ///if(w_left == w_right)
            {
                if(get_real_length(nsg, w_left^1, NULL)!=2) continue;
                return_flag = get_unitig(nsg, NULL, w_left, &convex, &ll, &dupBase, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, NULL);
                if(return_flag == LOOP) continue;
                if(return_flag != MUL_OUTPUT) continue;
                if(get_real_length(nsg, convex, NULL)!=2) continue;
                if(dupBase >= rBase*dupLenThres)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                beg = end = (uint32_t)-1;

                aw = asg_arc_a(nsg, convex);
                nw = asg_arc_n(nsg, convex);
                for (i = 0, rnw = 0; i < nw; i++)
                {
                    if(aw[i].del) continue;
                    if(rnw == 0) beg = aw[i].v;
                    if(rnw == 1) end = aw[i].v;
                    rnw++;
                }

                if(rnw != 2) continue;
                if((beg>>1) == (end>>1)) continue;
                if(get_real_length(nsg, beg^1, NULL)!=1) continue;
                if(get_real_length(nsg, end^1, NULL)!=1) continue;


                if(b_mask_t && asg_bub_pop1_label(nsg, convex, b_mask_t->bub_dist, &(b_mask_t->b[0])))
                {
                    continue;
                }

                if(check_different_haps(nsg, ug, read_g, beg, end, reverse_sources, &b_0, &b_1,
                    ruIndex, 2, 1) == PLOID)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                w_term = convex^1;
                u_vecs.a.n = 0;
                kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, beg^1);

                b_0.b.n = 0;
                get_unitig(nsg, NULL, w_term, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b_0);
                for (i = 0; i < b_0.b.n; i++)
                {
                    kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, b_0.b.a[i]);
                }

                b_0.b.n = 0;
                get_unitig(nsg, NULL, v_left^1, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b_0);
                for (i = 0; i < b_0.b.n; i++)
                {
                    kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, b_0.b.a[i]);
                }

                b_0.b.n = 0;
                get_unitig(nsg, NULL, w_left, &convex, &ll, &tmp, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                            &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b_0);
                for (i = 0; i < b_0.b.n; i++)
                {
                    kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, b_0.b.a[i]);
                }

                kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, end);
                merge_ug_nodes(ug, read_g, &u_vecs);
                n_reduce++;

                // fprintf(stderr, "--1--v>>1: %u, w_left>>1: %u, w_right>>1: %u\n", 
                //                                             v>>1, w_left>>1, w_right>>1);
            }
        }

        
    }

    free(b_0.b.a);
    free(b_1.b.a);
    kv_destroy(u_vecs.a);
}



void adjust_utg_advance(asg_t *sg, ma_ug_t *ug, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    unroll_simple_case_advance(ug, sg, reverse_sources, ruIndex, b_mask_t, 2.5);
    drop_semi_circle(ug, ug->g, sg, reverse_sources, ruIndex);
    asg_cleanup(nsg);
    asg_symm(nsg);
    ///debug_utg_graph(ug, sg, 0, 0);
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
}





asg_t *copy_graph(asg_t* src, int round)
{
    asg_t *rg;
	///just calloc
	rg = asg_init();
    uint64_t i, k;
    for (i = 0; i < src->n_seq; ++i) 
    {
        ///if a read has been deleted, should we still add them?
		asg_seq_set(rg, i, src->seq[i].len, src->seq[i].del);
        rg->seq[i].c = src->seq[i].c;
	}
    asg_cleanup(rg);

    
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = src->n_seq * 2, totalL = 0;;


    for (k = 0; k < (uint32_t)round; k++)
    {
        for (i = k; i < src->n_arc; i = i + round)
        {
            if(totalL%50000==0) fprintf(stderr, "totalL: %u, n_arc: %u\n", totalL, src->n_arc);
            totalL++;
            if(src->arc[i].del) continue;
            asg_append_edges_to_srt(rg, src->arc[i].ul>>32, 
            (uint32_t)(src->arc[i].ul) + src->arc[i].ol,
            src->arc[i].v, src->arc[i].ol, src->arc[i].strong, 
            src->arc[i].el, src->arc[i].no_l_indel);
        }
    }
    
    
    totalL = 0;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v)
    {
        if (src->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(src, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(src, v);
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(totalL%50000==0) fprintf(stderr, "-totalL: %u, n_arc: %u\n", totalL, src->n_arc);
            totalL++;
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            asg_append_edges_to_srt(rg, av[i].ul>>32, (uint32_t)(av[i].ul) + av[i].ol,
            av[i].v, av[i].ol, av[i].strong, av[i].el, av[i].no_l_indel);
        }
    }
    

    

    /**
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v)
    {
        if(src->idx[v] != rg->idx[v])
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "*****v: %u, src_i: %u, srcLen: %u, rg_i: %u, rgLen: %u\n", 
            v, src->idx[v]>>32, (uint32_t)src->idx[v], 
            rg->idx[v]>>32, (uint32_t)rg->idx[v]); 
        }
    }
    **/


    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v)
    {
        
        if(src->seq[v>>1].del != rg->seq[v>>1].del)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR1\n");
        }

        uint32_t nv = asg_arc_n(src, v);
        asg_arc_t *av = asg_arc_a(src, v);
        ///if(nv != rnv)
        if(get_real_length(src, v, NULL) != get_real_length(rg, v, NULL))
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR2\n");
        }

        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            asg_arc_t forward = av[i], backward;
            memset(&backward, 0, sizeof(backward));
            if(get_arc(rg, (forward.ul>>32), forward.v, &backward)!=1)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR3\n");
            }

            if(forward.del != backward.del || forward.el != backward.el || 
               forward.no_l_indel != backward.no_l_indel || forward.ol != backward.ol ||
               forward.strong != backward.strong || forward.ul != backward.ul || forward.v != backward.v)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR4\n");
                fprintf(stderr, "forward, del: %u, el: %u, no_l_indel: %u, ol: %u, strong: %u, ul: %u, v: %u\n",
                (uint32_t)forward.del, (uint32_t)forward.el, (uint32_t)forward.no_l_indel, 
                (uint32_t)forward.ol, (uint32_t)forward.strong,
                (uint32_t)forward.ul, (uint32_t)forward.v);
                fprintf(stderr, "backward, del: %u, el: %u, no_l_indel: %u, ol: %u, strong: %u, ul: %u, v: %u\n",
                (uint32_t)backward.del, (uint32_t)backward.el, (uint32_t)backward.no_l_indel, 
                (uint32_t)backward.ol, (uint32_t)backward.strong,
                (uint32_t)backward.ul, (uint32_t)backward.v);
            }
        }

        
        nv = asg_arc_n(rg, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(rg, v);
        for (i = 0; i < nv; i++)
        {
            if(av[i].del) continue;
            asg_arc_t forward = av[i], backward;
            memset(&backward, 0, sizeof(backward));
            if(get_arc(src, (forward.ul>>32), forward.v, &backward)!=1)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR5\n");
            }

            if(forward.del != backward.del || forward.el != backward.el || 
               forward.no_l_indel != backward.no_l_indel || forward.ol != backward.ol ||
               forward.strong != backward.strong || forward.ul != backward.ul || forward.v != backward.v)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR6\n");
            }
        }
        
        
        ///get_arc(g, forward.v^1, (forward.ul>>32)^1, &backward) 
        ///fprintf(stderr, "+v: %u\n", v);
        
    }

    
    if(src->seq_vis)
    {
        rg->seq_vis = (uint8_t*)malloc(src->n_seq*2*sizeof(uint8_t));
        memcpy(rg->seq_vis, src->seq_vis, src->n_seq*2*sizeof(uint8_t));
    }
    

    fprintf(stderr, "end_copy\n");
    return rg;
}

int load_coverage_cut(ma_sub_t** coverage_cut, char* read_file_name)
{
    char* index_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(read_file_name)+15);
    sprintf(index_name, "%s.bin", read_file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(index_name, "r");
    if(!fp)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    int f_flag = 0;
    uint64_t n_read;
    f_flag += fread(&n_read, sizeof(n_read), 1, fp);
    (*coverage_cut) = (ma_sub_t*)malloc(sizeof(ma_sub_t)*n_read);

    uint64_t i = 0, tmp;
    for (i = 0; i < n_read; i++)
    {
        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*coverage_cut)[i].c = tmp;
        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*coverage_cut)[i].del = tmp;
        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*coverage_cut)[i].e = tmp;
        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*coverage_cut)[i].s = tmp;
    }
    free(index_name);    
    fflush(fp);
    fclose(fp);
    return 1;
}


int write_coverage_cut(ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* read_file_name, uint64_t n_read)
{
    char* index_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(read_file_name)+15);
    sprintf(index_name, "%s.bin", read_file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(index_name, "w");
    fwrite(&n_read, sizeof(n_read), 1, fp);
    uint64_t i = 0, tmp;
    for (i = 0; i < n_read; i++)
    {
        tmp = coverage_cut[i].c;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        tmp = coverage_cut[i].del;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        tmp = coverage_cut[i].e;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        tmp = coverage_cut[i].s;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    }
    free(index_name);    
    fflush(fp);
    fclose(fp);

    return 1;
}

int write_ruIndex(R_to_U* ruIndex, char* read_file_name)
{
    char* index_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(read_file_name)+15);
    sprintf(index_name, "%s.bin", read_file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(index_name, "w");
    fwrite(&ruIndex->len, sizeof(ruIndex->len), 1, fp);
    fwrite(ruIndex->index, sizeof(ruIndex->index[0]), ruIndex->len, fp);
    fwrite(R_INF.trio_flag, sizeof(R_INF.trio_flag[0]), ruIndex->len, fp);
    // fwrite(ruIndex->is_het, 1, ruIndex->len, fp);
    free(index_name);    
    fflush(fp);
    fclose(fp);

    return 1;
}

int load_ruIndex(R_to_U* ruIndex, char* read_file_name)
{
    char* index_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(read_file_name)+15);
    sprintf(index_name, "%s.bin", read_file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(index_name, "r");
    if(!fp)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    int f_flag = 0;
    f_flag += fread(&(ruIndex)->len, sizeof((ruIndex)->len), 1, fp);
    (ruIndex)->index = (uint32_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint32_t)*(ruIndex)->len);
    f_flag += fread((ruIndex)->index, sizeof((ruIndex)->index[0]), (ruIndex)->len, fp);

    R_INF.trio_flag = (uint8_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint8_t)*(ruIndex)->len);
    f_flag += fread(R_INF.trio_flag, sizeof(R_INF.trio_flag[0]), (ruIndex)->len, fp);

    // CALLOC(ruIndex->is_het, ruIndex->len);
    // f_flag += fread(ruIndex->is_het, 1, ruIndex->len, fp);

    free(index_name);    
    fflush(fp);
    fclose(fp);

    return 1;
}

int write_asg_t(asg_t *sg, char* read_file_name)
{
    char* index_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(read_file_name)+15);
    sprintf(index_name, "%s.bin", read_file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(index_name, "w");
    uint32_t tmp, i;
    
    tmp = sg->n_arc;
    fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    // tmp = sg->m_arc;
    fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);

    tmp = sg->is_srt;
    fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);


    tmp = sg->n_seq;
    fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    // tmp = sg->m_seq;
    fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    
    tmp = sg->is_symm;
    fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    tmp = sg->r_seq;
    fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);


    uint32_t Len;

    Len = sg->n_seq*2;
    fwrite(sg->seq_vis, sizeof(sg->seq_vis[0]), Len, fp);

    Len = sg->n_seq*2;
    fwrite(sg->idx, sizeof(sg->idx[0]), Len, fp);


    for (i = 0; i < sg->n_arc; i++)
    {
        tmp = sg->arc[i].del;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        tmp = sg->arc[i].el;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        tmp = sg->arc[i].no_l_indel;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        tmp = sg->arc[i].ol;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        tmp = sg->arc[i].strong;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);

        uint64_t tmp_64;
        tmp_64 = sg->arc[i].ul;
        fwrite(&tmp_64, sizeof(tmp_64), 1, fp);

        tmp = sg->arc[i].v;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    }


    for (i = 0; i < sg->n_seq; i++)
    {
        tmp = sg->seq[i].c;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        tmp = sg->seq[i].del;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        tmp = sg->seq[i].len;
        fwrite(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    }
    
    free(index_name);    
    fflush(fp);
    fclose(fp);

    return 1;
}


int load_asg_t(asg_t **sg, char* read_file_name)
{
    char* index_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(read_file_name)+15);
    sprintf(index_name, "%s.bin", read_file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(index_name, "r");
    if(!fp)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    uint32_t tmp, i;

    (*sg) = (asg_t*)calloc(1, sizeof(asg_t));
    int f_flag = 0;
    f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    (*sg)->n_arc = tmp;
    f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    (*sg)->m_arc = tmp;
    f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    (*sg)->is_srt = tmp;
    f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    (*sg)->n_seq = tmp;
    f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    (*sg)->m_seq = tmp;
    f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    (*sg)->is_symm = tmp;
    f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
    (*sg)->r_seq = tmp;

    uint32_t Len;

    Len = (*sg)->n_seq*2;
    (*sg)->seq_vis = (uint8_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint8_t)*Len);
    f_flag += fread((*sg)->seq_vis, sizeof((*sg)->seq_vis[0]), Len, fp);



    Len = (*sg)->n_seq*2;
    (*sg)->idx = (uint64_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint64_t)*Len);
    f_flag += fread((*sg)->idx, sizeof((*sg)->idx[0]), Len, fp);
    
    



    (*sg)->arc = (asg_arc_t*)malloc(sizeof(asg_arc_t)*(*sg)->m_arc);
    (*sg)->seq = (asg_seq_t*)malloc(sizeof(asg_seq_t)*(*sg)->m_seq);
    

    for (i = 0; i < (*sg)->n_arc; i++)
    {
        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->arc[i].del = tmp;

        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->arc[i].el = tmp;

        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->arc[i].no_l_indel = tmp;

        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->arc[i].ol = tmp;

        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->arc[i].strong = tmp;

        uint64_t tmp_64;
        f_flag += fread(&tmp_64, sizeof(tmp_64), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->arc[i].ul = tmp_64;

        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->arc[i].v = tmp;
    }


    for (i = 0; i < (*sg)->n_seq; i++)
    {
        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->seq[i].c = tmp;
        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->seq[i].del = tmp;
        f_flag += fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp);
        (*sg)->seq[i].len = tmp;
    }
    
    free(index_name);    
    fflush(fp);
    fclose(fp);

    return 1;
}

int write_debug_graph(asg_t *sg, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
char* output_file_name, long long n_read, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{

    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+55);

    ////write_All_reads(&R_INF, gfa_name);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.source", output_file_name);
    write_ma_hit_ts(sources, R_INF.total_reads, gfa_name);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.reverse", output_file_name);
    write_ma_hit_ts(reverse_sources, R_INF.total_reads, gfa_name);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.coverage_cut", output_file_name);
    write_coverage_cut(coverage_cut, gfa_name, n_read);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.ruIndex", output_file_name);
    write_ruIndex(ruIndex, gfa_name);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.asg_t", output_file_name);
    write_asg_t(sg, gfa_name);
    free(gfa_name);
    fprintf(stderr, "debug_graph has been written.\n");
    return 1;
}


int load_debug_graph(asg_t** sg, ma_hit_t_alloc** sources, ma_sub_t** coverage_cut, 
char* output_file_name, ma_hit_t_alloc** reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    FILE* fp = NULL;
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+55);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.source.bin", output_file_name);
    fp = fopen(gfa_name, "r"); if(!fp) return 0;
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.reverse.bin", output_file_name);
    fp = fopen(gfa_name, "r"); if(!fp) return 0;
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.coverage_cut.bin", output_file_name);
    fp = fopen(gfa_name, "r"); if(!fp) return 0;
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.ruIndex.bin", output_file_name);
    fp = fopen(gfa_name, "r"); if(!fp) return 0;
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.asg_t.bin", output_file_name);
    fp = fopen(gfa_name, "r"); if(!fp) return 0;
    if((sg == NULL) || (sources == NULL) || (coverage_cut == NULL) || (reverse_sources == NULL) || 
        (ruIndex == NULL))
    {
        return 1;
    }

    if((*sources)!=NULL)
    {
        destory_ma_hit_t_alloc((*sources));
    }

    if((*reverse_sources)!=NULL)
    {
        destory_ma_hit_t_alloc((*reverse_sources));
    }

    if((*coverage_cut)!=NULL)
    {
        free((*coverage_cut));
    }

    if((ruIndex)!=NULL)
    {
        destory_R_to_U((ruIndex));
    }

    if((*sg)!=NULL)
    {
        asg_destroy(*sg);
    }

    

    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.source", output_file_name);
    if(!load_ma_hit_ts(sources, gfa_name))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.reverse", output_file_name);
    if(!load_ma_hit_ts(reverse_sources, gfa_name))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.coverage_cut", output_file_name);
    if(!load_coverage_cut(coverage_cut, gfa_name))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.ruIndex", output_file_name);
    if(!load_ruIndex(ruIndex, gfa_name))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.all.debug.asg_t", output_file_name);
    if(!load_asg_t(sg, gfa_name))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    R_INF.paf = (*sources); R_INF.reverse_paf = (*reverse_sources);

    return 1;
}


hap_cov_t* init_hap_cov_t(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* read_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, 
uint32_t is_collect_trans)
{
    uint32_t n_ux = ug->g->n_seq, i, k, j, v, rId, tn, is_Unitig, r_i, nv, w, C_bases;
    uint8_t *set = NULL; 
    hap_cov_t *x = NULL; CALLOC(x, 1);
    x->n = read_g->n_seq; 
    x->reverse_sources = reverse_sources;
    x->coverage_cut = coverage_cut;
    x->ruIndex = ruIndex;
    x->max_hang = max_hang;
    x->min_ovlp = min_ovlp;
    x->read_g = read_g;
    x->t_ch = NULL;
    kv_init(x->u_buffer.a);
    kv_init(x->tailIndex.a);
    kv_init(x->prevIndex.a);
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    MALLOC(x->pos_idx, x->n); memset(x->pos_idx, -1, x->n*sizeof(uint64_t));
    CALLOC(set, read_g->n_seq<<1);
    CALLOC(x->cov, x->n); 
    for (i = 0; i < n_ux; i++)
    {    
        if(ug->g->seq[i].del) continue;
        u = &(ug->u.a[i]);
        for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++) set[u->a[r_i]>>33] = 1;

        v = i<<1; 
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            w = av[k].v;
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(ug->g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
            u = &(ug->u.a[w>>1]);
            for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++) set[u->a[r_i]>>33] = 1;
        }
        
        v = (i<<1)+1; 
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            w = av[k].v;
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(ug->g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
            u = &(ug->u.a[w>>1]);
            for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++) set[u->a[r_i]>>33] = 1;
        }



        u = &(ug->u.a[i]); 
        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            C_bases = 0;
            rId = u->a[k]>>33;
            for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[rId].length); j++)
            {
                h = &(sources[rId].buffer[j]);
                tn = Get_tn((*h));
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
                {
                    ///get the id of read that contains it 
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                    if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                }
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                if(!set[tn]) continue;
                C_bases += (Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h)));
            }
            x->cov[rId] = MAX(C_bases, x->cov[rId]);
        }
        

        
        u = &(ug->u.a[i]);
        for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++) set[u->a[r_i]>>33] = 0;

        v = i<<1; 
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            w = av[k].v;
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(ug->g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
            u = &(ug->u.a[w>>1]);
            for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++) set[u->a[r_i]>>33] = 0;
        }
        
        v = (i<<1)+1; 
        nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            w = av[k].v;
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(ug->g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
            u = &(ug->u.a[w>>1]);
            for (r_i = 0; r_i < u->n; r_i++) set[u->a[r_i]>>33] = 0;
        }
    }

    if(set) free(set);

    x->t_ch = NULL;
    if(is_collect_trans) x->t_ch = init_trans_chain(ug, read_g->n_seq);
    
    return x;
}

void destory_hap_cov_t(hap_cov_t **x)
{
    if(*x)
    {
        free((*x)->cov);
        free((*x)->pos_idx);
        kv_destroy((*x)->u_buffer.a);
        kv_destroy((*x)->tailIndex.a);
        kv_destroy((*x)->prevIndex.a);
        if((*x)->t_ch) destory_trans_chain(&((*x)->t_ch));
        free((*x));
    }
}


void print_utg_hap(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t* read_g, uint32_t uid, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
R_to_U* ruIndex)
{
    
    uint32_t k, rId, qn, i, is_Unitig;
    ma_utg_t* u = &(ug->u.a[uid]);
    fprintf(stderr, "\nuid: %u, u->n: %u\n", uid, u->n);
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        fprintf(stderr, "self[%u]: %u\n", k, rId);
    }

    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        qn = u->a[k]>>33;
        fprintf(stderr, "****self[%u]: %u, Len: %u\n", k, qn, reverse_sources[qn].length);
        for (i = 0; i < reverse_sources[qn].length; i++)
        {
            rId = Get_tn(reverse_sources[qn].buffer[i]);
            if(read_g->seq[rId].del == 1)
            {
                ///get the id of read that contains it 
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, &rId, &is_Unitig);
                if(rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[rId].del == 1) continue;
            }
            fprintf(stderr, "hap[%u]: %u\n", i, rId);
        }
    }

}


void reset_trans_chain(trans_chain* t_ch, ma_utg_t *u)
{
    uint32_t k = 0;
    if(u->n == 0 || u->m == 0) return;
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++) t_ch->is_r_het[u->a[k]>>33] = N_HET;
}

void append_utg(ma_ug_t* ptg, ma_ug_t* atg, trans_chain* t_ch)
{
    uint64_t num_nodes = 0;
    asg_t* nsg = atg->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    ma_utg_t *p;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del || atg->u.a[v].m == 0) continue;
        num_nodes++;
    }

    if(num_nodes == 0) return;

    ptg->u.n = ptg->u.n + num_nodes;
    if(ptg->u.n > ptg->u.m)
    {
        ptg->u.m = ptg->u.n;
        ptg->u.a = (ma_utg_t*)realloc(ptg->u.a, ptg->u.m*sizeof(ma_utg_t));     
    }
    ptg->u.n = ptg->u.n - num_nodes;

    for (v = 0; v < atg->g->n_seq; ++v) 
    {
        if(atg->g->seq[v].del || atg->u.a[v].m == 0) continue;
        if(t_ch) reset_trans_chain(t_ch, &(atg->u.a[v]));

        p = &(ptg->u.a[ptg->u.n]);
        p->len = atg->u.a[v].len;
        p->circ = atg->u.a[v].circ;
        p->start = atg->u.a[v].start;
        p->end = atg->u.a[v].end;
        p->m = atg->u.a[v].m; atg->u.a[v].m = 0;
        p->n = atg->u.a[v].n; atg->u.a[v].n = 0;
        p->a = atg->u.a[v].a; atg->u.a[v].a = 0;
        p->s = atg->u.a[v].s; atg->u.a[v].s = 0;
        asg_seq_set(ptg->g, ptg->u.n, p->len, 0);
        ptg->u.n++;
    }

    if(ptg->g->idx != 0) free(ptg->g->idx); 
    ptg->g->idx = 0;
    asg_cleanup(ptg->g);
}


void print_utg_coverage(ma_ug_t *ug, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, uint32_t v, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources)
{
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t rId, k, j;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h;

    if(nsg->seq[v].del) return;
    u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
    if(u->m == 0) return;
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0;
    long long U_R_bases = 0, U_C_bases = 0;
    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
    {
        rId = u->a[k]>>33;
        C_bases = 0;
        R_bases = coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s;
        for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[rId].length); j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[rId].buffer[j]);
            if(h->el != 1) continue;
            C_bases += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
        }
        U_R_bases += R_bases;
        U_C_bases += C_bases;
        C_bases = C_bases/R_bases;

        fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\t%lld\n", (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, rId), Get_NAME(R_INF, rId), C_bases);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "v: %u, coverage: %lld\n\n", v, U_C_bases/U_R_bases);
}

void recover_utg_by_coverage(ma_ug_t **ptg, asg_t* read_g, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, trans_chain* t_ch)
{
    if(asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min == -1) return;
    if(asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max == -1) return;
    if(asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min > asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max) return;
    ma_ug_t *atg = NULL;
    atg = ma_ug_gen_primary(read_g, ALTER_LABLE);
    asg_t* nsg = atg->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq, k, j, rId, available_reads = 0, keep_atg = 0, tn, is_Unitig;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h;

    
    ///print_untig_by_read(atg, "SRR11606870.634978", -1, NULL, NULL, "debug");
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0, C_bases_primary = 0, C_bases_alter = 0;
    long long total_C_bases = 0, total_C_bases_alter = 0;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        u = &(atg->u.a[v]);
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        total_C_bases = total_C_bases_alter = available_reads = 0;
        
        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            rId = u->a[k]>>33;
            C_bases = C_bases_primary = C_bases_alter = 0;
            R_bases = coverage_cut[rId].e - coverage_cut[rId].s;
            for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[rId].length); j++)
            {
                h = &(sources[rId].buffer[j]);
                if(h->el != 1) continue;
                tn = Get_tn((*h));
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1)
                {
                    ///get the id of read that contains it 
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, tn, &tn, &is_Unitig);
                    if(tn == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1 || read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                }
                if(read_g->seq[tn].del == 1) continue;
                if(read_g->seq[tn].c == ALTER_LABLE)
                {
                    C_bases_alter += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
                }
                else
                {
                    C_bases_primary += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
                }
            }

            C_bases = C_bases_primary + C_bases_alter;
            total_C_bases += C_bases; 

            C_bases = C_bases/R_bases;
            if(C_bases >= asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min && C_bases <= asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max)
            {
                if(C_bases_alter >= (C_bases_primary + C_bases_alter) * ALTER_COV_THRES) available_reads++;
                total_C_bases_alter += C_bases_alter;
            }
        }


        if(((available_reads < (u->n * 0.8)) && (total_C_bases_alter < (total_C_bases * 0.8))) 
           || available_reads == 0)
        {
            asg_seq_del(nsg, v);

            if(u->m!=0)
            {
                u->m = u->n = 0;
                free(u->a);
                u->a = NULL;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            ///print_utg_coverage(atg, coverage_cut, v, sources);
            ///fprintf(stderr, "rId: %u\n", rId);
            ///fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\t%lld\n", (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, rId), Get_NAME(R_INF, rId), C_bases);
            keep_atg++;
        }
    }

    if(keep_atg > 0)
    {
        asg_cleanup(nsg);
        asg_symm(nsg);
        append_utg(*ptg, atg, t_ch);

        n_vtx = read_g->n_seq;
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
        {
            read_g->seq[v].c = ALTER_LABLE;
        }
        
        nsg = (*ptg)->g;
        n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
            u = &((*ptg)->u.a[v]);
            if(u->m == 0) continue;
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                rId = u->a[k]>>33;
                read_g->seq[rId].c = nsg->seq[v].c;
            }
        }


        n_vtx = read_g->n_seq;
        for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
        {
            if(read_g->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE)
            {
                asg_seq_drop(read_g, v);
            }
        }
    }

    ma_ug_destroy(atg);
}


void adjust_utg_by_primary(ma_ug_t **ug, asg_t* read_g, float drop_rate,
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, long long stops_threshold, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, float chimeric_rate, float drop_ratio, int max_hang, int min_ovlp,
kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* new_rtg_edges, hap_cov_t **i_cov, bub_label_t* b_mask_t, 
uint32_t collect_p_trans, uint32_t collect_p_trans_f)
{
    asg_t* nsg = (*ug)->g;
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = nsg->n_seq, k, rId, just_contain;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    hap_cov_t *cov = init_hap_cov_t(*ug, read_g, sources, ruIndex, reverse_sources, 
                            coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, (asm_opt.purge_level_primary>0||i_cov)?1:0);
    if(cov->t_ch) set_r_het_flag(*ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, cov->t_ch);
    adjust_utg_advance(read_g, (*ug), reverse_sources, ruIndex, b_mask_t);

    nsg = (*ug)->g;
    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        nsg->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        EvaluateLen((*ug)->u, v) = (*ug)->u.a[v].n;
    }

    clean_primary_untig_graph(*ug, read_g, sources, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, tipsLen, tip_drop_ratio, 
    stops_threshold, ruIndex, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, chimeric_rate, 0, 0, drop_ratio, cov);
    delete_useless_nodes(ug);
    renew_utg(ug, read_g, new_rtg_edges);
    if(i_cov && collect_p_trans == 0) goto skip_purge;
    if(asm_opt.purge_level_primary > 0)
    {
        ///print_debug_gfa(read_g, *ug, coverage_cut, "debug_purge", sources, ruIndex, asm_opt.max_hang_Len, asm_opt.min_overlap_Len);
        just_contain = 0;
        if(asm_opt.purge_level_primary == 1) just_contain = 1;
        purge_dups(*ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, ruIndex, new_rtg_edges, 
        asm_opt.purge_simi_thres, asm_opt.purge_overlap_len, max_hang, min_ovlp, drop_ratio, 
        just_contain, 0, cov, !!(cov->t_ch&&collect_p_trans), collect_p_trans_f);
        delete_useless_nodes(ug);
        renew_utg(ug, read_g, new_rtg_edges);
    }

    if (!(asm_opt.flag & HA_F_BAN_POST_JOIN))
    {
        rescue_missing_overlaps_aggressive(*ug, read_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang,
        min_ovlp, 0, 1, NULL, b_mask_t);
        renew_utg(ug, read_g, new_rtg_edges);
        rescue_contained_reads_aggressive(*ug, read_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, 
        min_ovlp, 10, 0, 1, NULL, NULL, b_mask_t);
        renew_utg(ug, read_g, new_rtg_edges);
    }


    n_vtx = read_g->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        read_g->seq[v].c = ALTER_LABLE;
    }
    
    
    nsg = (*ug)->g;
    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        u = &((*ug)->u.a[v]);
        if(u->m == 0) continue;
        for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
        {
            rId = u->a[k]>>33;
            read_g->seq[rId].c = nsg->seq[v].c;
        }
    }

    n_vtx = read_g->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        if(read_g->seq[v].c == ALTER_LABLE)
        {
            asg_seq_drop(read_g, v);
        }
    }

    if(asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min == -1024)
    {
        asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max = asm_opt.hom_global_coverage/HOM_PEAK_RATE;
        asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min = asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max * 0.85;
        asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max = INT32_MAX;
    }

    if(asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max != INT32_MAX)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] primary contig coverage range: [%d, %d]\n", 
        __func__, asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min, asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_max);
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] primary contig coverage range: [%d, infinity]\n", 
        __func__, asm_opt.recover_atg_cov_min);
    }
    
    skip_purge:
    recover_utg_by_coverage(ug, read_g, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, cov->t_ch);
    if(i_cov)
    {
        (*i_cov) = cov;
    } 
    else
    {
        destory_hap_cov_t(&cov);
    }     
}


void output_contig_graph_primary_pre(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, uint64_t bubble_dist, long long tipsLen, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges.a);

    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, PRIMARY_LABLE);

    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t n_vtx = nsg->n_seq, v;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        nsg->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        EvaluateLen(ug->u, v) = ug->u.a[v].n;
    }

    if(bubble_dist > 0)
    {
        asg_pop_bubble_primary_trio(ug, &bubble_dist, (uint32_t)-1, DROP, NULL, 0);
        delete_useless_nodes(&ug);
        renew_utg(&ug, sg, &new_rtg_edges);
    }
    

    ma_ug_seq(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0);

    fprintf(stderr, "Writing processed unitig GFA to disk... \n");
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+35);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.p_utg.gfa", output_file_name);
    FILE* output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "utg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.p_utg.noseq.gfa", output_file_name);
    output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print_simple(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "utg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    if(asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate != 0)
    {
        sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.p_utg.lowQ.bed", output_file_name);
        output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
        ma_ug_print_bed(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, 
        max_hang, min_ovlp, asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate, "utg", output_file, NULL);
        fclose(output_file);
    }

    free(gfa_name);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a);
}

void output_contig_graph_primary(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, long long stops_threshold, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, float chimeric_rate, float drop_ratio, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, PRIMARY_LABLE);

    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges.a);

    adjust_utg_by_primary(&ug, sg, TRIO_THRES, sources, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, 
    tipsLen, tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, ruIndex, chimeric_rate, drop_ratio, 
    max_hang, min_ovlp, &new_rtg_edges, NULL, b_mask_t, 0, 0);

    if(asm_opt.b_low_cov > 0)
    {
        break_ug_contig(&ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
        &asm_opt.b_low_cov, NULL, asm_opt.m_rate);
    }
    if(asm_opt.b_high_cov > 0)
    {
        break_ug_contig(&ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
        NULL, &asm_opt.b_high_cov, asm_opt.m_rate);
    }
    ma_ug_seq(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0);
    
    
    fprintf(stderr, "Writing primary contig GFA to disk... \n");
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+35);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.p_ctg.gfa", output_file_name);
    FILE* output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "ptg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);

    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.p_ctg.noseq.gfa", output_file_name);
    output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print_simple(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "ptg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    if(asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate != 0)
    {
        sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.p_ctg.lowQ.bed", output_file_name);
        output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
        ma_ug_print_bed(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, 
        max_hang, min_ovlp, asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate, "ptg", output_file, NULL);
        fclose(output_file);
    }

    free(gfa_name);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a);
}




void output_contig_graph_alternative(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, char* output_file_name,
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges.a);
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, ALTER_LABLE);

    // if(asm_opt.b_low_cov > 0)
    // {
    //     break_ug_contig(&ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, asm_opt.b_low_cov);
    // }

    ma_ug_seq(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0);

    fprintf(stderr, "Writing alternate contig GFA to disk... \n");
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+35);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.a_ctg.gfa", output_file_name);
    FILE* output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "atg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.a_ctg.noseq.gfa", output_file_name);
    output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    ma_ug_print_simple(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "atg", output_file);
    fclose(output_file);
    if(asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate != 0)
    {
        sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.a_ctg.lowQ.bed", output_file_name);
        output_file = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
        ma_ug_print_bed(ug, sg, &R_INF, coverage_cut, sources, &new_rtg_edges, 
        max_hang, min_ovlp, asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate, "atg", output_file, NULL);
        fclose(output_file);
    }

    free(gfa_name);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a);
}

int output_tips(asg_t *g, const All_reads *RNF)
{
	uint32_t v, n_vtx = g->n_seq * 2;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v)
    {
        if (g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;

        if(asg_arc_n(g, v) == 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n",
             (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((*RNF), v>>1), 
             Get_NAME((*RNF), v>>1));
        }
    }

    return 1;
}

void collect_abnormal_edges(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, ma_hit_t_alloc* rev_paf, long long readNum)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    long long T_edges, T_Single_Dir_Edges_0, T_Single_Dir_Edges_1, T_Conflict_Equal_Edges, T_Conflict_Strong_Edges;
    T_edges = T_Single_Dir_Edges_0 = T_Single_Dir_Edges_1 = T_Conflict_Equal_Edges = T_Conflict_Strong_Edges = 0;
    long long T_Single_Dir_Edges_1_1000 = 0;
    long long related_reads = 0;
    long long related_overlaps = 0;
    long long i, j;
    uint32_t qn, tn;
    int is_equal_f, is_strong_f; 
    int is_equal_b, is_strong_b, is_exist_b; 

    kvec_t(uint64_t) edge_vector;
    kv_init(edge_vector);
    
    for (i = 0; i < readNum; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < (long long)paf[i].length; j++)
        {
            qn = Get_qn(paf[i].buffer[j]);
            tn = Get_tn(paf[i].buffer[j]);
            T_edges++;

            is_equal_f = paf[i].buffer[j].el;
            is_strong_f = paf[i].buffer[j].ml;
            
            is_exist_b = get_specific_overlap(&(paf[tn]), tn, qn);
            if(is_exist_b == -1)
            {
                is_exist_b = get_specific_overlap(&(rev_paf[tn]), tn, qn);
                if(is_exist_b != -1)
                {
                    T_Single_Dir_Edges_0++;
                    kv_push(uint64_t, edge_vector, qn);
                    kv_push(uint64_t, edge_vector, tn);
                    ///related_overlaps += paf[qn].length + rev_paf[qn].length + paf[tn].length + rev_paf[tn].length;
                    // fprintf(stderr, "%.*s(%d) ---(+)--> %.*s(%d), Len: %d\n", 
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, qn), Get_NAME(R_INF, qn), qn,
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn), tn,
                    // Get_qe(paf[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(paf[i].buffer[j]));

                    // fprintf(stderr, "%.*s(%d) ---(-)--> %.*s(%d), Len: %d\n\n", 
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn), tn,
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, qn), Get_NAME(R_INF, qn), qn,
                    // Get_qe(rev_paf[tn].buffer[is_exist_b]) - Get_qs(rev_paf[tn].buffer[is_exist_b]));
                } 
                else
                {
                    T_Single_Dir_Edges_1++;
                    if(Get_qe(paf[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(paf[i].buffer[j]) >= 1000)
                    {
                        T_Single_Dir_Edges_1_1000++;
                        // fprintf(stderr, "%.*s(%d) ---(%d)--> %.*s(%d), Len: %d\n\n", 
                        // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, qn), Get_NAME(R_INF, qn), qn,
                        // is_strong_f,
                        // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn), tn,
                        // Get_qe(paf[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(paf[i].buffer[j]));
                    }
                }

                related_reads = related_reads + 2;
            }
            else
            {
                is_equal_b = paf[tn].buffer[is_exist_b].el;
                is_strong_b = paf[tn].buffer[is_exist_b].ml;

                if(is_equal_f != is_equal_b)
                {
                    T_Conflict_Equal_Edges++;

                    // fprintf(stderr, "%.*s(%d) ---(%d)--> %.*s(%d), Len: %d\n", 
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, qn), Get_NAME(R_INF, qn), qn,
                    // is_equal_f,
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn), tn,
                    // Get_qe(paf[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(paf[i].buffer[j]));

                    // fprintf(stderr, "%.*s(%d) ---(%d)--> %.*s(%d), Len: %d\n\n", 
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn), tn,
                    // is_equal_b,
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, qn), Get_NAME(R_INF, qn), qn,
                    // Get_qe(paf[tn].buffer[is_exist_b]) - Get_qs(paf[tn].buffer[is_exist_b]));
                } 
                
                if(is_strong_f != is_strong_b)
                {
                    T_Conflict_Strong_Edges++;
                    // fprintf(stderr, "%.*s(%d) ---(%d)--> %.*s(%d), Len: %d\n", 
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, qn), Get_NAME(R_INF, qn), qn,
                    // is_strong_f,
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn), tn,
                    // Get_qe(paf[i].buffer[j]) - Get_qs(paf[i].buffer[j]));

                    // fprintf(stderr, "%.*s(%d) ---(%d)--> %.*s(%d), Len: %d\n\n", 
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, tn), Get_NAME(R_INF, tn), tn,
                    // is_strong_b,
                    // Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, qn), Get_NAME(R_INF, qn), qn,
                    // Get_qe(paf[tn].buffer[is_exist_b]) - Get_qs(paf[tn].buffer[is_exist_b]));
                } 

                if(is_equal_f != is_equal_b || is_strong_f != is_strong_b)
                {
                    related_reads++;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    radix_sort_arch64(edge_vector.a, edge_vector.a + edge_vector.n);
    uint64_t pre = (uint64_t)-1;
    long long mn = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < (long long)edge_vector.n; i++)
    {
        if(pre != edge_vector.a[i])
        {
            mn++;
            pre = edge_vector.a[i];
            related_overlaps += paf[pre].length + rev_paf[pre].length;
        }

        if(i>0 && edge_vector.a[i] < edge_vector.a[i-1]) fprintf(stderr, "hehe\n");
    }
    
    

    fprintf(stderr, "****************statistic for abnormal overlaps****************\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "overlaps #: %lld\n", T_edges);
	fprintf(stderr, "one direction overlaps (different phasing)#: %lld\n", T_Single_Dir_Edges_0);
    fprintf(stderr, "one direction overlaps (missing)#: %lld\n", T_Single_Dir_Edges_1);
    fprintf(stderr, "one direction overlaps (missing) >= 1000#: %lld\n", T_Single_Dir_Edges_1_1000);
    fprintf(stderr, "conflict strong/weak overlaps #: %lld\n", T_Conflict_Strong_Edges);
    fprintf(stderr, "conflict exact/inexact overlaps #: %lld\n", T_Conflict_Equal_Edges);
    fprintf(stderr, "related_reads #: %lld/%lld\n", related_reads, mn);
    fprintf(stderr, "related_overlaps #: %lld\n", related_overlaps);
    fprintf(stderr, "****************statistic for abnormal overlaps****************\n");

    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] took %0.2fs\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);

    kv_destroy(edge_vector);
}

///if we don't have this function, we just simply remove all one-direction edges
///by utilizing this function, some one-direction edges can be recovered as two-direction edges
///trio does not influence this function  
void try_rescue_overlaps(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, ma_hit_t_alloc* rev_paf, long long readNum,
long long rescue_threshold)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    long long i, j, revises = 0;
    uint32_t qn, tn, qs, qe;

    kvec_t(uint64_t) edge_vector;
    kv_init(edge_vector);
    kvec_t(uint64_t) edge_vector_index;
    kv_init(edge_vector_index);
    kvec_t(uint32_t) b;
    kv_init(b);
    uint64_t flag;
    int index;
    
    for (i = 0; i < readNum; i++)
    {
        edge_vector.n = 0;
        edge_vector_index.n = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < (long long)rev_paf[i].length; j++)
        {
            qn = Get_qn(rev_paf[i].buffer[j]);
            tn = Get_tn(rev_paf[i].buffer[j]);
            index = get_specific_overlap(&(paf[tn]), tn, qn);
            if(index != -1)
            {
                flag = tn;
                flag = flag << 32;
                flag = flag | (uint64_t)(index);
                kv_push(uint64_t, edge_vector, flag);
                kv_push(uint64_t, edge_vector_index, j);
            }
        }

        ///based on qn, all edges at edge_vector/edge_vector_index come from different haplotype
        ///but at another direction, all these edges come from the same haplotype
        //here we want to recover these edges
        if((long long)edge_vector_index.n >= rescue_threshold)
        {
            kv_resize(uint32_t, b, edge_vector_index.n);
            b.n = 0;
            for (j = 0; j < (long long)edge_vector_index.n; j++)
            {
                qs = Get_qs(rev_paf[i].buffer[edge_vector_index.a[j]]);
                qe = Get_qe(rev_paf[i].buffer[edge_vector_index.a[j]]);
                kv_push(uint32_t, b, qs<<1);
                kv_push(uint32_t, b, qe<<1|1);
            }

            ks_introsort_uint32_t(b.n, b.a);
            int dp = 0, start = 0, max_dp = 0;
            ma_sub_t max_interval;
            max_interval.s = max_interval.e = 0;
            for (j = 0, dp = 0; j < (long long)b.n; ++j) 
            {
                int old_dp = dp;
                ///if a[j] is qe
                if (b.a[j]&1) 
                {
                    --dp;
                }
                else
                {
                    ++dp;
                } 
                
                /**
                there are two cases: 
                    1. old_dp = dp + 1 (b.a[j] is qe); 2. old_dp = dp - 1 (b.a[j] is qs);
                **/
                ///if (old_dp < min_dp && dp >= min_dp) ///old_dp < dp, b.a[j] is qs
                if(old_dp < dp) ///b.a[j] is qs
                { 
                    ///case 2, a[j] is qs
                    //here should use dp >= max_dp, instead of dp > max_dp
                    if(dp >= max_dp)
                    {
                        start = b.a[j]>>1;
                        max_dp = dp;
                    }
                } 
                ///else if (old_dp >= min_dp && dp < min_dp) ///old_dp > min_dp, b.a[j] is qe
                else if (old_dp > dp) ///old_dp > min_dp, b.a[j] is qe
                {
                    if(old_dp == max_dp)
                    {
                        max_interval.s = start;
                        max_interval.e = b.a[j]>>1;
                    }
                }
                // else
                // {
                //     fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
                // }
                
            }

            if(max_dp>= rescue_threshold)
            {
                long long m = 0;
                for (j = 0; j < (long long)edge_vector_index.n; j++)
                {
                    qs = Get_qs(rev_paf[i].buffer[edge_vector_index.a[j]]);
                    qe = Get_qe(rev_paf[i].buffer[edge_vector_index.a[j]]);
                    if(qs <= max_interval.s && qe >= max_interval.e)
                    {
                        edge_vector_index.a[m] = edge_vector_index.a[j];
                        edge_vector.a[m] = edge_vector.a[j];
                        m++;
                    }
                }
                edge_vector_index.n = m;
                edge_vector.n = m;

                ///the read itself do not have these overlaps, but all related reads have
                ///we need to remove all overlaps from rev_paf[i], and then add all overlaps to paf[i]
                remove_overlaps(&(rev_paf[i]), edge_vector_index.a, edge_vector_index.n);
                add_overlaps_from_different_sources(paf, &(paf[i]), edge_vector.a, edge_vector.n);
                revises = revises + edge_vector.n;
            }
        }
    }


    kv_destroy(edge_vector);
    kv_destroy(edge_vector_index);
    kv_destroy(b);
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] took %0.2fs, rescue edges #: %lld\n\n", 
                                    __func__, Get_T()-startTime, revises);
    }
    
}



long long get_coverage(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, uint64_t n_read)
{
    uint64_t i, j;
    ma_hit_t *h;
    long long R_bases = 0, C_bases = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n_read; ++i) 
    {
        R_bases += coverage_cut[i].e - coverage_cut[i].s;
        for (j = 0; j < (uint64_t)(sources[i].length); j++)
        {
            h = &(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            C_bases += Get_qe((*h)) - Get_qs((*h));
        }
    }

    return C_bases/R_bases;
}


void pre_clean(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, asg_t *sg, uint32_t pop_s_node)
{
    int tri_flag = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        tri_flag = 0;
        ///remove very simple circle
        tri_flag += asg_arc_del_simple_circle_untig(sources, coverage_cut, sg, 100, 0);

        ///remove isoloated single read
        if(pop_s_node)
        {
            tri_flag += asg_arc_del_single_node_directly(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip, sources);
        } 
        
        // if ((!ha_opt_triobin(&asm_opt))&&(!ha_opt_hic(&asm_opt)))
        // {
        //     tri_flag += asg_arc_del_triangular_advance(sg, bubble_dist);
        //     ///remove the cross at the bubble carefully, just remove inexact cross
        //     tri_flag += asg_arc_del_cross_bubble(sg, bubble_dist);
        // }
        // tri_flag += asg_arc_del_single_node_directly(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip, sources);

        if(tri_flag == 0)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}


void init_R_to_U(R_to_U* x, uint64_t len)
{
	x->len = len;
    CALLOC(x->index, x->len);
    x->is_het = NULL;
}

void destory_R_to_U(R_to_U* x)
{
	free(x->index);
}

void set_R_to_U(R_to_U* x, uint32_t rID, uint32_t uID, uint32_t is_Unitig, uint8_t* flag)
{
    if(flag && (*flag) == FAKE_LABLE) return;
     
	if(rID >= x->len)
	{
		x->index = (uint32_t*)realloc(x->index, (rID + 1)*sizeof(uint32_t));
        memset(x->index + x->len, -1, sizeof(uint32_t)*((rID + 1) - x->len));
        x->len = rID + 1;
	}

	x->index[rID] = uID & (uint32_t)(0x7fffffff);
	x->index[rID] = x->index[rID] | (uint32_t)(is_Unitig<<31);
}


void get_R_to_U(R_to_U* x, uint32_t rID, uint32_t* uID, uint32_t* is_Unitig)
{
	if(rID >= x->len || (x->index[rID] == (uint32_t)(-1)))
	{
		(*uID) = (uint32_t)-1;
		(*is_Unitig) = (uint32_t)-1;
		return;
	}
    
    (*uID) = x->index[rID] & (uint32_t)(0x7fffffff);
	(*is_Unitig) = (x->index[rID]>>31);
}

void transfor_R_to_U(R_to_U* x)
{
    uint64_t i = 0;
    uint32_t rID, uID, is_Unitig;
    for (i = 0; i < x->len; i++)
    {
        rID = i;
        get_R_to_U(x, rID, &uID, &is_Unitig);
        if(uID == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
        if(is_Unitig == 1) continue;


        ///here i/rID is contained in uID
        rID = uID;
        while (1)
        {
            get_R_to_U(x, rID, &uID, &is_Unitig);
            if(uID == (uint32_t)-1) break;
            if(is_Unitig == 1) break;
            rID = uID;
        }

        set_R_to_U(x, i, rID, 0, NULL);
    }


    /**
    for (i = 0; i < x->len; i++)
    {
        rID = i;
        get_R_to_U(x, rID, &uID, &is_Unitig);
        if(uID == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
        if(is_Unitig == 1) continue;
        ///here i/rID is contained in uID
        rID = uID;
        get_R_to_U(x, rID, &uID, &is_Unitig);
        if(uID != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
        }
    }
    **/
    
}



void asg_delete_node_by_trio(asg_t* sg, uint8_t flag)
{
    uint32_t v, n_vtx = sg->n_seq;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        if (sg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if (R_INF.trio_flag[v] == AMBIGU) continue;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[v] != flag) asg_seq_del(sg, v);
    }
    asg_cleanup(sg);
}



void renew_graph_init(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex,
uint64_t n_read)
{
    if(sg != NULL) asg_destroy(sg);
    sg = NULL;
    
    if(coverage_cut != NULL) free(coverage_cut);
    coverage_cut = NULL;

    memset(ruIndex->index, -1, sizeof(uint32_t)*(ruIndex->len));


    uint64_t i = 0, j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n_read; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            sources[i].buffer[j].del = 0;
        }

        for (j = 0; j < reverse_sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            reverse_sources[i].buffer[j].del = 0;
        }
    }
}




inline uint32_t get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query, uint32_t* oLen,
uint32_t* skip_uId, uint32_t skip_uId_n, uint32_t ignore_trio_flag)
{
    (*oLen) = 0;
    uint32_t qn = query>>1;
    int32_t r;
    asg_arc_t t;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);
    uint32_t i, k, occ = 0, uId, is_Unitig, v, w;

    uint32_t trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[qn], non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(ignore_trio_flag == 0)
    {
        if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
        if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
    }



    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        ///sq has already been removed
        ///st must not be removed
        ///g-seq must not be removed
        if(st->del || g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;

        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
        
        ///if it is a contained read, skip
        if(r < 0) continue;

        if((t.ul>>32) != query) continue;
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t.v>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 0) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        for (k = 0; k < skip_uId_n; k++)
        {
            if(uId == skip_uId[k]) break;
        }
        if(k != skip_uId_n) continue;
        // if(uId == skip_uId1) continue;
        // if(uId == skip_uId2) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(ug->g->seq[uId].del) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        
        if((t.v != ug->u.a[uId].start) 
            && 
           (t.v != ug->u.a[uId].end))
        {
            continue;
        }
        /**********for debug*************/
        if(t.v == ug->u.a[uId].start)
        {
            ///v = uId<<1;
            v = (uId<<1)^1;
        }

        if(t.v == ug->u.a[uId].end)
        {
            ///v = (uId<<1)^1;
            v = uId<<1;
        }

        if(get_real_length(ug->g, v, NULL)==1)
        {
            get_real_length(ug->g, v, &w);
            if(get_real_length(ug->g, w^1, NULL)==1)
            {
                continue;
            }
        }
        /**********for debug*************/

        occ++;
        (*oLen) += t.ol;
    }

    return occ;
}


inline uint32_t get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance_by_broken_bub(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *g, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint8_t* expect_vis, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query, uint32_t* oLen, uint8_t* utg_vis, 
uint32_t ignore_trio_flag)
{
    (*oLen) = 0;
    uint32_t qn = query>>1, is_first = 1;;
    int32_t r;
    asg_arc_t t;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);
    uint32_t i, occ = 0, uId, is_Unitig;

    uint32_t trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[qn], non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(ignore_trio_flag == 0)
    {
        if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
        if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
    }



    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        ///sq has already been removed
        ///st must not be removed
        ///g-seq must not be removed
        if(st->del || g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;

        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
        
        ///if it is a contained read, skip
        if(r < 0) continue;

        if((t.ul>>32) != query) continue;
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t.v>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 0 || ug->g->seq[uId].del) continue;
        if(expect_vis[t.v>>1] == 0) continue;

        if(is_first && utg_vis) memset(utg_vis, 0, ug->g->n_seq);
        if(utg_vis == NULL || (utg_vis && utg_vis[uId] == 0)) occ++;
        ////fprintf(stderr, "found-utg%.6ul, occ: %u\n", uId+1, occ);
        if(utg_vis) utg_vis[uId] = 1;

        (*oLen) += t.ol;
        is_first = 0;
    }

    return occ;
}



inline uint32_t get_edge2existing_node_advance(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query, uint32_t* skip_uId, uint32_t skip_uId_n, 
uint32_t* index, asg_arc_t* t, uint32_t ignore_trio_flag)
{
    uint32_t qn = query>>1, uId, is_Unitig, v, w, k;
    int32_t r;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);

    uint32_t trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[qn], non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(ignore_trio_flag == 0)
    {
        if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
        if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
    }
    


    for (; (*index) < x->length; (*index)++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[(*index)]);
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        ///sq has already been removed
        ///st must not be removed
        ///g-seq must not be removed
        if(st->del || g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;

        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, t);
        
        ///if it is a contained read, skip
        if(r < 0) continue;

        if((t->ul>>32) != query) continue;
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t->v>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 0) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        for (k = 0; k < skip_uId_n; k++)
        {
            if(uId == skip_uId[k]) break;
        }
        if(k != skip_uId_n) continue;
        // if(uId == skip_uId1) continue;
        // if(uId == skip_uId2) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(ug->g->seq[uId].del) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        
        if((t->v != ug->u.a[uId].start) 
            && 
           (t->v != ug->u.a[uId].end))
        {
            continue;
        }

        /**********for debug*************/
        if(t->v == ug->u.a[uId].start)
        {
            ///v = uId<<1;
            v = (uId<<1)^1;
        }

        if(t->v == ug->u.a[uId].end)
        {
            ///v = (uId<<1)^1;
            v = uId<<1;
        }

        if(get_real_length(ug->g, v, NULL)==1)
        {
            get_real_length(ug->g, v, &w);
            if(get_real_length(ug->g, w^1, NULL)==1)
            {
                continue;
            }
        }
        /**********for debug*************/

        (*index)++;
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}


inline uint32_t get_edge2existing_node_advance_by_broken_bub(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *g, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint8_t* expect_vis, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query, uint32_t* index, asg_arc_t* t, 
uint32_t ignore_trio_flag)
{
    uint32_t qn = query>>1, uId, is_Unitig;
    int32_t r;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);

    uint32_t trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[qn], non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(ignore_trio_flag == 0)
    {
        if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
        if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
    }
    


    for (; (*index) < x->length; (*index)++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[(*index)]);
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        ///sq has already been removed
        ///st must not be removed
        ///g-seq must not be removed
        if(st->del || g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;

        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, t);
        
        ///if it is a contained read, skip
        if(r < 0) continue;

        if((t->ul>>32) != query) continue;
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t->v>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 0 || ug->g->seq[uId].del) continue;
        if(expect_vis[t->v>>1] == 0) continue;

        (*index)++;
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}



inline uint32_t get_num_edges2existing_nodes(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query, uint32_t* oLen,
uint32_t skip_uId1, uint32_t skip_uId2)
{
    (*oLen) = 0;
    uint32_t qn = query>>1;
    int32_t r;
    asg_arc_t t;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);
    uint32_t i, occ = 0, uId, is_Unitig, v, w;


    uint32_t trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[qn], non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
    if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;


    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        ///sq has already been removed
        ///st must not be removed
        ///g-seq must not be removed
        if(st->del || g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;

        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
        
        ///if it is a contained read, skip
        if(r < 0) continue;

        if((t.ul>>32) != query) continue;
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t.v>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 0) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(uId == skip_uId1) continue;
        if(uId == skip_uId2) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(ug->g->seq[uId].del) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        
        if((t.v != ug->u.a[uId].start) 
            && 
           (t.v != ug->u.a[uId].end))
        {
            continue;
        }
        /**********for debug*************/
        if(t.v == ug->u.a[uId].start)
        {
            ///v = uId<<1;
            v = (uId<<1)^1;
        }

        if(t.v == ug->u.a[uId].end)
        {
            ///v = (uId<<1)^1;
            v = uId<<1;
        }

        if(get_real_length(ug->g, v, NULL)==1)
        {
            get_real_length(ug->g, v, &w);
            if(get_real_length(ug->g, w^1, NULL)==1)
            {
                continue;
            }
        }
        /**********for debug*************/

        occ++;
        (*oLen) += t.ol;
    }

    return occ;
}


inline uint32_t get_edge2existing_node(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query, uint32_t skip_uId1, uint32_t skip_uId2, 
uint32_t* index, asg_arc_t* t)
{
    uint32_t qn = query>>1, uId, is_Unitig, v, w;
    int32_t r;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);

    uint32_t trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[qn], non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
    if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;


    for (; (*index) < x->length; (*index)++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[(*index)]);
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        ///sq has already been removed
        ///st must not be removed
        ///g-seq must not be removed
        if(st->del || g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;

        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, t);
        
        ///if it is a contained read, skip
        if(r < 0) continue;

        if((t->ul>>32) != query) continue;
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t->v>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 0) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(uId == skip_uId1) continue;
        if(uId == skip_uId2) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        if(ug->g->seq[uId].del) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        
        if((t->v != ug->u.a[uId].start) 
            && 
           (t->v != ug->u.a[uId].end))
        {
            continue;
        }

        /**********for debug*************/
        if(t->v == ug->u.a[uId].start)
        {
            ///v = uId<<1;
            v = (uId<<1)^1;
        }

        if(t->v == ug->u.a[uId].end)
        {
            ///v = (uId<<1)^1;
            v = uId<<1;
        }

        if(get_real_length(ug->g, v, NULL)==1)
        {
            get_real_length(ug->g, v, &w);
            if(get_real_length(ug->g, w^1, NULL)==1)
            {
                continue;
            }
        }
        /**********for debug*************/

        (*index)++;
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}



uint32_t get_edge_from_source(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query, uint32_t target, asg_arc_t* t)
{
    uint32_t qn = query>>1, i;
    int32_t r;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
    
        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, t);
        
        ///if it is a contained read, skip
        if(r < 0) continue;

        if((t->ul>>32) != query) continue;
        if(t->v != target) continue;
        
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

void append_rId_to_Unitig(asg_t *r_g, ma_ug_t* ug, uint32_t uId, uint32_t rId,
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    asg_arc_t t;
    t.ul = (uint64_t)-1;
    ma_utg_t *nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId>>1]);
    uint32_t l, i, beg, end;

    if(nsu->m < (nsu->n+1))
    {
        nsu->m = nsu->n+1;
        nsu->a = (uint64_t*)realloc(nsu->a, nsu->m*sizeof(uint64_t));
    }

    if((uId&1) == 0)
    {
        beg = nsu->end^1;
        end = rId;
    }
    
    if((uId&1) == 1)
    {
        beg = rId^1;
        end = nsu->start;
    }

    ///t is the edge that from beg to end
    get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, beg, 
    end, &t);

    ///add rId to the end of nsu
    if((uId&1) == 0)
    {
        nsu->len -= (uint32_t)nsu->a[nsu->n-1];

        l = r_g->seq[rId>>1].len;
        nsu->a[nsu->n] = rId;
        nsu->a[nsu->n] <<=32;
        nsu->a[nsu->n] = nsu->a[nsu->n] | (uint64_t)(l);

        l = asg_arc_len(t);
        nsu->a[nsu->n-1] = nsu->a[nsu->n-1]>>32;
        nsu->a[nsu->n-1] = nsu->a[nsu->n-1]<<32;
        nsu->a[nsu->n-1] = nsu->a[nsu->n-1] | (uint64_t)(l);

        nsu->len = nsu->len + (uint32_t)nsu->a[nsu->n-1] + (uint32_t)nsu->a[nsu->n];
        nsu->end = rId^1;
    
        nsu->n++;
    }

    ///add rId to the start of nsu
    if((uId&1) == 1)
    {
        rId = rId^1;
        for(i = nsu->n; i >= 1; i--)
        {
            nsu->a[i] = nsu->a[i-1];
        }
        
        l = asg_arc_len(t);
        nsu->a[0] = rId;
        nsu->a[0] = nsu->a[0]<<32;
        nsu->a[0] = nsu->a[0] | (uint64_t)(l);
        nsu->len = nsu->len + (uint32_t)nsu->a[0];
        nsu->start = rId;

        nsu->n++;
    }


    set_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId>>1, uId>>1, 1, &(r_g->seq[rId>>1].c));




    /*************************just for debug**************************/
    uint32_t v, totalLen = 0;
    v = (uint64_t)(nsu->a[0])>>32;
    if(nsu->start != UINT32_MAX && nsu->start != v) fprintf(stderr, "hehe\n");

    v = (uint64_t)(nsu->a[nsu->n-1])>>32;
    if(nsu->end != UINT32_MAX && nsu->end != (v^1)) fprintf(stderr, "haha\n");

    for (i = 0; i < nsu->n; i++)
    {
        l = (uint32_t)(nsu->a[i]);
        totalLen = totalLen + l;
    }
    if(totalLen != nsu->len) fprintf(stderr, "xxxx\n");

    ////fprintf(stderr, "utg%.6dl, dir: %u\n", uId+1, uId&1);
    /*************************just for debug**************************/

}




void lable_all_bubbles(asg_t *r_g, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    ///must have this line, otherwise asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi will be wrong
    asg_cleanup(r_g);
    asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(r_g, b_mask_t, 0);
}


void drop_inexact_edegs_at_bubbles(asg_t *r_g, bub_label_t* b_mask_t, uint64_t bubble_dist)
{
    asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(r_g, b_mask_t, 0);

    uint32_t v, k, i, n_vtx = r_g->n_seq * 2, nv, flag, n_reduce = 0;
    uint64_t oLen;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    
    if (!r_g->is_symm) asg_symm(r_g);

    buf_t b;
    memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t));

    kvec_t(uint64_t) e;
    kv_init(e);

    b.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
    {
        nv = asg_arc_n(r_g, v);
        if(r_g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(r_g->seq_vis[v] != 0) continue;
        if(nv < 2) continue;
        

        ///if this is a bubble
        if(asg_bub_finder_without_del_advance(r_g, v, bubble_dist, &b) == 1)
        {
            //beg is v, end is b.S.a[0]
            //note b.b include end, does not include beg
            for (i = 0; i < b.b.n; i++)
            {
                if(b.b.a[i] == v) continue;
                //note b.b include end, does not include beg
                if(b.b.a[i] == b.S.a[0])
                {
                    b.b.a[i] = b.b.a[i]^1;
                    continue;
                }

                r_g->seq_vis[b.b.a[i]] = 2;
                r_g->seq_vis[b.b.a[i]^1] = 2;
            }

            r_g->seq_vis[v] = 2;
            r_g->seq_vis[b.S.a[0]^1] = 2;
            

            //note b.b include end, does not include beg
            //so push beg into b.b
            kv_push(uint32_t, b.b, v);
            for (i = 0; i < b.b.n; i++)
            {
                nv = asg_arc_n(r_g, b.b.a[i]);
                if(nv <= 1) continue;
                av = asg_arc_a(r_g, b.b.a[i]);
                e.n = 0;
                flag = 0;
                for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
                {
                    if(av[k].del) continue;
                    if(av[k].el)
                    {
                        flag = 1;
                        continue;
                    }
                    oLen = av[k].ol;
                    oLen = oLen << 32;
                    oLen = oLen | (uint64_t)(k);
                    kv_push(uint64_t, e, oLen);
                }

                if(flag == 0 || e.n == 0) continue;

                if(e.n>1) radix_sort_arch64(e.a, e.a + e.n);

                for (k = 0; k < e.n; k++)
                {
                    if(get_real_length(r_g, av[(uint32_t)e.a[k]].v^1, NULL)<=1) continue;
                    av[(uint32_t)e.a[k]].del = 1;
                    asg_arc_del(r_g, av[(uint32_t)e.a[k]].v^1, av[(uint32_t)e.a[k]].ul>>32^1, 1);
                    n_reduce++;
                }

            }
        }
    }

    free(b.a); free(b.S.a); free(b.T.a); free(b.b.a); free(b.e.a);
    kv_destroy(e);
    if(n_reduce > 0) asg_cleanup(r_g);
}


uint32_t get_corresponding_uId(ma_ug_t *ug, R_to_U* ruIndex, uint32_t t)
{
    uint32_t w, uId, is_Unitig;
    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
    if(uId == ((uint32_t)(-1)) || is_Unitig == 0) return ((uint32_t)(-1));
    if(ug->g->seq[uId].del) return ((uint32_t)(-1));
    /****************************may have bugs********************************/
    w = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(t == ug->u.a[uId].start) w = uId<<1;
    if(t == ug->u.a[uId].end) w = (uId<<1)^1;
    return w;
}

void minor_transitive_reduction(ma_ug_t *ug, R_to_U* ruIndex, asg_arc_t* rbub_edges, uint32_t num)
{
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    uint32_t i, j, k, uId, nv, w;
    asg_arc_t* t = NULL;
    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    ///here all edges from v are saved in rbub_edges
    ///for edges already in graph, need to check del
    ///but for edges in rbub_edges, don't check del
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        t = &rbub_edges[i];
        ///if(t->del) continue;
        uId = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t->v);
        if(uId == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;

        nv = asg_arc_n(nsg, uId);
        av = asg_arc_a(nsg, uId);
        for (j = 0; j < nv; j++)
        {
            if(av[j].del) continue;
            w = av[j].v;

            ///note w is the unitig ID
            for (k = 0; k < num; k++)
            {
                p = &rbub_edges[k];
                ///if(p->del) continue;
                ///this line is not necessary at all
                if(k==i) continue;
                ///w is the unitig ID, p->v is the read ID
                if(get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, p->v) == w) p->del = 1;
            }
        }   
    }    
}




///find contained read with longest overlap
ma_hit_t* get_best_contained_read(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query,
uint32_t ignore_trio_flag)
{
    uint32_t qn = query>>1;
    int32_t r;
    asg_arc_t t;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL, *return_h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[qn]);
    uint32_t i, is_Unitig, contain_rId, contain_uId;
    uint32_t maxOlen = 0;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;

    uint32_t trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[qn], non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
    if(ignore_trio_flag == 0)
    {
        if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
        if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
    }

    //scan all edges of qn
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        ///just need deleted edges
        ///sq might be deleted or not
        if(!st->del) continue;
        if(!h->del) continue;
        if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;

        ///tn must be contained in another existing read
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_rId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1) continue;
        if(r_g->seq[contain_rId].del) continue;

        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, contain_rId, &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) continue;
        ///contain_uId must be a unitig

        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
        
        ///if it is a contained read, skip
        if(r < 0) continue;

        if((t.ul>>32) != query) continue;

        if(t.ol > maxOlen)
        {
            maxOlen = t.ol;
            return_h = h;
        }
    }

    return return_h;
}


int get_contained_reads_chain(ma_hit_t *h, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *r_g, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t endRid, uint32_t uId,
kvec_t_u32_warp* chain_buffer, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* chain_edges, uint32_t* return_ava_cur,
uint32_t* return_ava_ol, uint32_t* return_chainLen, uint32_t thresLen, uint32_t ignore_trio_flag)
{
    (*return_chainLen) = (*return_ava_cur) = (*return_ava_ol) = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t trio_flag, non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1, contain_rId, contain_uId, is_Unitig;
    uint32_t chainLen = 0, ava_cur, test_oLen;
    int ql, tl;
    int32_t r;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    asg_arc_t t;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    chain_buffer->a.n = 0;
    kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, uId);
    if(chain_edges) chain_edges->a.n = 0;
    

    ///continue
    ///need to update h, endRid, chainLen, chain_buffer and chain_edges
    while (h)
    {
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[Get_qn(*h)];

        ///don't want to edges between different haps
        non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
        if(ignore_trio_flag == 0)
        {
            if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
            if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
            if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) break;
        }

        ///just need deleted edges
        ///sq might be deleted or not
        if(!st->del) break;
        if(!h->del) break;

        ///tn must be contained in another existing read
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_rId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1) break;
        if(r_g->seq[contain_rId].del) break;

        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, contain_rId, &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) break;
        if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) break;
        ///contain_uId must be a unitig

        ql = sq->e - sq->s; tl = st->e - st->s;
        r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);

        ///if st is contained in sq, or vice verse, skip
        if(r < 0) break;

        ///if sq and v are not in the same direction, skip
        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) break;

        if(chain_edges) kv_push(asg_arc_t, chain_edges->a, t);
        chainLen++;
        kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, contain_uId);
        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        ///find edges from t.v to existing unitigs
        ava_cur = get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
                    max_hang, min_ovlp, t.v, &test_oLen, chain_buffer->a.a, chain_buffer->a.n, 
                    ignore_trio_flag);
        //means find an aim
        if(ava_cur > 0)
        {
            /**
            //do nothing if the chainLen == 1
            if(chainLen > 1)
            {
                asg_arc_t t_max;
                ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[(endRid>>1)]);
                uint32_t ava_ol_max = 0, ava_max = 0, k;
                for (k = 0; k < x->length; k++)
                {
                    h = &(x->buffer[k]);
                    sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
                    st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
                    trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[Get_qn(*h)];

                    ///don't want to edges between different haps
                    non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
                    if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
                    if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
                    if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;
                    
                    ///just need deleted edges
                    ///sq might be deleted or not
                    if(!st->del) continue;
                    if(!h->del) continue;

                    ///tn must be contained in another existing read
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_rId, &is_Unitig);
                    if(contain_rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1) continue;
                    if(r_g->seq[contain_rId].del) continue;

                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, contain_rId, &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
                    if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) continue;
                    if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) continue;
                    ///contain_uId must be a unitig

                    ql = sq->e - sq->s; tl = st->e - st->s;
                    r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);

                    ///if st is contained in sq, or vice verse, skip
                    if(r < 0) continue;

                    ///if sq and v are not in the same direction, skip
                    if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) continue;

                    ///pop the last contain_uId
                    chain_buffer->a.n--;
                    kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, contain_uId);

                    ///note: t.v is a contained read
                    ///we need to find existing reads linked with w
                    ava_cur = get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
                    max_hang, min_ovlp, t.v, &test_oLen, chain_buffer->a.a, chain_buffer->a.n, 1);

                    if((ava_cur > ava_max) || (ava_cur == ava_max && test_oLen > ava_ol_max))
                    {
                        ava_max = ava_cur;
                        ava_ol_max = test_oLen;
                        t_max = t;
                    }
                }

                if(ava_max > 0)
                {
                    ava_cur = ava_max;
                    test_oLen = ava_ol_max;
                    if(chain_edges)
                    {
                        //pop the last edge
                        chain_edges->a.n--;
                        kv_push(asg_arc_t, chain_edges->a, t_max);
                    } 
                }
                else
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            **/

            (*return_ava_cur) = ava_cur;
            (*return_ava_ol) = test_oLen;
            (*return_chainLen) = chainLen;
            h = NULL;
            return 1;
        }

        if(chainLen >= thresLen) break;

        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        ///haven't found a existing unitig from t.v
        ///check if t.v can link to a new contained read
        endRid = t.v; 
        h = get_best_contained_read(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
            max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, ignore_trio_flag);
    }

    return 0;    
}

int get_contained_reads_chain_by_broken_bub(ma_hit_t *h, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *r_g, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t endRid, uint32_t uId,
kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* chain_edges, uint32_t* return_ava_cur, uint32_t* return_ava_ol, uint32_t* return_chainLen, 
uint8_t* expect_vis, uint8_t* circle_vis, uint8_t* utg_vis, uint32_t thresLen, uint32_t ignore_trio_flag)
{
    (*return_chainLen) = (*return_ava_cur) = (*return_ava_ol) = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t trio_flag, non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1, contain_rId, contain_uId, is_Unitig, i;
    uint32_t chainLen = 0, ava_cur, test_oLen;
    int ql, tl;
    int32_t r;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    asg_arc_t t;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    chain_edges->a.n = 0;
    

    ///continue
    ///need to update h, endRid, chainLen, chain_buffer and chain_edges
    while (h)
    {
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[Get_qn(*h)];

        ///don't want to edges between different haps
        non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
        if(ignore_trio_flag == 0)
        {
            if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
            if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
            if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) break;
        }

        ///just need deleted edges
        ///sq might be deleted or not
        if(!st->del) break;
        if(!h->del) break;

        ///tn must be contained in another existing read
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_rId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1) break;
        if(r_g->seq[contain_rId].del) break;

        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, contain_rId, &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) break;
        if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) break;
        ///contain_uId must be a unitig

        ql = sq->e - sq->s; tl = st->e - st->s;
        r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);

        ///if st is contained in sq, or vice verse, skip
        if(r < 0) break;

        ///if sq and v are not in the same direction, skip
        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) break;

        kv_push(asg_arc_t, chain_edges->a, t);
        chainLen++;

        if(circle_vis[t.ul>>33] || circle_vis[t.v>>1]) break;

        circle_vis[t.ul>>33] = circle_vis[t.v>>1] = 1;
        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        ///find edges from t.v to existing unitigs
        ava_cur = get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance_by_broken_bub(ug, r_g, sources, 
        coverage_cut, ruIndex, expect_vis, max_hang, min_ovlp, t.v, &test_oLen, utg_vis, ignore_trio_flag);
        //means find an aim
        if(ava_cur > 0)
        {
            (*return_ava_cur) = ava_cur;
            (*return_ava_ol) = test_oLen;
            (*return_chainLen) = chainLen;
            h = NULL;
            for (i = 0; i < chain_edges->a.n; i++)
            {
                circle_vis[chain_edges->a.a[i].ul>>33] = 0;
                circle_vis[chain_edges->a.a[i].v>>1] = 0;
            }
            return 1;
        }

        ///if(chainLen >= thresLen) break;

        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        ///haven't found a existing unitig from t.v
        ///check if t.v can link to a new contained read
        endRid = t.v; 
        h = get_best_contained_read(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
            max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, ignore_trio_flag);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < chain_edges->a.n; i++)
    {
        circle_vis[chain_edges->a.a[i].ul>>33] = 0;
        circle_vis[chain_edges->a.a[i].v>>1] = 0;
    }
    return 0;    
}


///chainLenThres is used to avoid circle
void rescue_contained_reads_aggressive(ma_ug_t *i_ug, asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut,
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t chainLenThres, uint32_t is_bubble_check, uint32_t is_primary_check, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* new_rtg_edges, 
kvec_t_u32_warp* new_rtg_nodes, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    uint32_t n_vtx, v, k, contain_rId, is_Unitig, uId, rId, endRid, oLen, w, max_oLen, max_oLen_i = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t ava_max, ava_ol_max, ava_min_chain, ava_cur, ava_chainLen, test_oLen, is_update;
    asg_t* nsg = NULL;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    asg_arc_t t, t_max, r_edge;
    t_max.v = t_max.ul = t.v = t.ul = (uint32_t)-1;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL, *h_max = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = NULL;
    ma_ug_t* ug = NULL;
    uint64_t a_nodes;
    
    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_edges;
    kv_init(new_edges);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) rbub_edges;
    kv_init(rbub_edges);

    kvec_t_u64_warp u_vecs;
    kv_init(u_vecs.a);

    kvec_t_u32_warp chain_buffer;
    kv_init(chain_buffer.a);

    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp chain_edges;
    kv_init(chain_edges.a);

    if(i_ug != NULL)
    {
        ug = i_ug;
    }
    else
    {
        ug = ma_ug_gen(r_g);
        for (v = 0; v < ug->g->n_seq; v++)
        {
            ug->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        }
    }
    nsg = ug->g;
    
    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(is_primary_check && nsg->seq[v].c==ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
        {
            rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, uId, 1, &(r_g->seq[rId].c));
        }
    }




    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq * 2;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        uId = v>>1;
        if(nsg->seq[uId].del) continue;
        if(is_primary_check && nsg->seq[uId].c==ALTER_LABLE) continue;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsu->circ || nsu->start == UINT32_MAX || nsu->end == UINT32_MAX) continue;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
        ///we probably don't need this line
        ///if(get_real_length(nsg, v^1, NULL) == 0) continue;
        if(v&1)
        {
            endRid = nsu->start^1;
        }
        else
        {
            endRid = nsu->end^1;
        }

        ///x is the end read of a tip
        ///find all overlap of x
        x = &(sources[(endRid>>1)]);
        ava_ol_max = ava_max = 0; ava_min_chain = (uint32_t)-1;
        h_max = NULL;
        for (k = 0; k < x->length; k++)
        {
            ///h is the edge of endRid
            h = &(x->buffer[k]);
            ///means we found a contained read
            if(get_contained_reads_chain(h, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, ug, r_g, 
            max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, uId, &chain_buffer, NULL, &ava_cur, &test_oLen, 
            &ava_chainLen, chainLenThres, 1))
            {
                is_update = 0;
                if(ava_chainLen < ava_min_chain)
                {
                    is_update = 1;
                }
                else if(ava_chainLen == ava_min_chain)
                {
                    if(ava_cur > ava_max)
                    {
                        is_update = 1;
                    }
                    else if(ava_cur == ava_max && test_oLen > ava_ol_max)
                    {
                        is_update = 1;
                    }
                }
                if(is_update)
                {
                    ava_min_chain = ava_chainLen;
                    ava_max = ava_cur;
                    ava_ol_max = test_oLen;
                    h_max = h;
                }
            }
        }





        if(ava_max > 0)
        {
            //get all edges between contained reads
            get_contained_reads_chain(h_max, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, ug, r_g, 
            max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, uId, &chain_buffer, &chain_edges, &ava_cur, &test_oLen, 
            &ava_chainLen, chainLenThres, 1);
            if(chain_edges.a.n < 1) continue;
            ///the last cantained read
            t_max = chain_edges.a.a[chain_edges.a.n-1];

            k = 0; rbub_edges.n = 0;
            ///edges from the last contained read to other unitigs
            while(get_edge2existing_node_advance(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
                    max_hang, min_ovlp, t_max.v, chain_buffer.a.a, chain_buffer.a.n, &k, &r_edge, 1))
            {
               kv_push(asg_arc_t, rbub_edges, r_edge);
            }

            ///need to do transitive reduction
            ///note here is different to standard transitive reduction
            minor_transitive_reduction(ug, ruIndex, rbub_edges.a, rbub_edges.n);
            if(is_primary_check)
            {
                max_oLen = 0; max_oLen_i = (uint32_t)-1;
                for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
                {
                    t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                    if(t.del) continue;
                    if(t.ol > max_oLen)
                    {
                        max_oLen = t.ol;
                        max_oLen_i = k;
                    }
                }

                if(max_oLen_i == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
                t = rbub_edges.a[max_oLen_i];
                w = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t.v);
                if(w == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
                if(get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL)!=0) continue;
            }
            
            //recover all contained reads
            for (k = 0; k < chain_edges.a.n; k++)
            {
                t_max = chain_edges.a.a[k];
                ///save all infor for reverting
                get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t_max.v>>1, &contain_rId, &is_Unitig);
                a_nodes=contain_rId; 
                a_nodes=a_nodes<<32; 
                a_nodes=a_nodes|((uint64_t)(t_max.v>>1));
                kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, a_nodes);


                //(t_max.ul>>32)----->(t_max.v/r_edge.ul>>32)----->r_edge.v
                //need to recover (t_max.v/r_edge.ul>>32), 1. set .del = 0 2. set ruIndex
                r_g->seq[t_max.v>>1].del = 0;
                coverage_cut[t_max.v>>1].del = 0;
                coverage_cut[t_max.v>>1].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
                //add recover to the end of the unitig
                append_rId_to_Unitig(r_g, ug, v, t_max.v, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, 
                min_ovlp);

                get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                (t_max.ul>>32), t_max.v, &t);
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);

                get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                (t_max.v^1), ((t_max.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
            }

            if(is_primary_check)
            {
                t = rbub_edges.a[max_oLen_i];
                w = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t.v);
                if(w == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                oLen = t.ol;
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, w, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);

                get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                oLen = t.ol;
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, w^1, ug->u.a[w>>1].len, v^1, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);
            }
            else
            {
                for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
                {
                    t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                    if(t.del) continue;
                    w = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t.v);
                    if(w == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
            
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                    oLen = t.ol;
                    asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, w, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);


                    get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                    (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                    oLen = t.ol;
                    asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, w^1, ug->u.a[w>>1].len, v^1, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);
                }
            }
            
        }
    }

    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    if(is_bubble_check)
    {
        
        for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
        {
            p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
            *p = new_edges.a[k];
        }

        if(new_edges.n != 0)
        {
            free(r_g->idx);
            r_g->idx = 0;
            r_g->is_srt = 0;
            asg_cleanup(r_g);
        }
        
        pre_clean(sources, coverage_cut, r_g, 0);

        lable_all_bubbles(r_g, b_mask_t);

        for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
        {
            v = new_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
            w = new_edges.a[k].v;

            if(r_g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
            if(r_g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
            ///if this edge is at a bubble
            if(r_g->seq_vis[v]!=0 && r_g->seq_vis[w^1]!=0) continue;

            asg_arc_del(r_g, v, w, 1);
            asg_arc_del(r_g, w^1, v^1, 1);
        }
        asg_cleanup(r_g);


        // w=max_contain_rId; w=w<<32; w=w|(t_max.v>>1);
        // kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, w);
        for (k = 0; k < u_vecs.a.n; k++)
        {
            w = (uint32_t)u_vecs.a.a[k];
            w = w<<1;
            if(!r_g->seq[w>>1].del && get_real_length(r_g, w, NULL)!=0) continue;
            if(!r_g->seq[w>>1].del && get_real_length(r_g, (w^1), NULL)!=0) continue;
            w=w>>1;
            r_g->seq[w].del = 1;
            coverage_cut[w].del = 1;
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, ((uint32_t)(u_vecs.a.a[k])), (u_vecs.a.a[k]>>32), 0, NULL);
        }
    }

    ///actually we don't update sources
    ///during the the primary_check, we need to recover everything for r_g, coverage_cut and ruIndex
    if(is_primary_check)
    {
        ///don't remove nodes and edges
        /**
        for (k = 0; k < u_vecs.a.n; k++)
        {
            w = (uint32_t)u_vecs.a.a[k];
            r_g->seq[w].del = 1;
            coverage_cut[w].del = 1;
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, ((uint32_t)(u_vecs.a.a[k])), (u_vecs.a.a[k]>>32), 0);
        }
        **/
       if(new_rtg_nodes)
       {
           for(k = 0; k < u_vecs.a.n; k++)
           {
                w = (uint32_t)u_vecs.a.a[k];
                kv_push(uint32_t, new_rtg_nodes->a, w);
           }
       }

       
        for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
        {
            p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
            *p = new_edges.a[k];
            if(new_rtg_edges) kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_rtg_edges->a, new_edges.a[k]);
        }

        if(new_edges.n != 0)
        {
            free(r_g->idx);
            r_g->idx = 0;
            r_g->is_srt = 0;
            asg_cleanup(r_g);
        }
    }


    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }


    if(i_ug == NULL) ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_edges);
    kv_destroy(rbub_edges);
    kv_destroy(u_vecs.a);
    kv_destroy(chain_buffer.a);
    kv_destroy(chain_edges.a);
    
}



void rescue_missing_overlaps_aggressive(ma_ug_t *i_ug, asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut,
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t is_bubble_check, uint32_t is_primary_check,
kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* new_rtg_edges, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    uint32_t n_vtx, v, k, is_Unitig, uId, rId, endRid, oLen, w, max_oLen, max_oLen_i;
    asg_t* nsg = NULL;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    asg_arc_t t, r_edge;
    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_edges;
    kv_init(new_edges);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) rbub_edges;
    kv_init(rbub_edges);

    if(i_ug != NULL)
    {
        ug = i_ug;
    }
    else
    {
        ug = ma_ug_gen(r_g);
        for (v = 0; v < ug->g->n_seq; v++)
        {
            ug->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        }
    }
    nsg = ug->g;
    
    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(is_primary_check && nsg->seq[v].c==ALTER_LABLE) continue;

        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
        {
            rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, uId, 1,  &(r_g->seq[rId].c));
        }
    }


    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq * 2;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        uId = v>>1;
        if(nsg->seq[uId].del) continue;
        if(is_primary_check && nsg->seq[uId].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;

        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsu->circ || nsu->start == UINT32_MAX || nsu->end == UINT32_MAX) continue;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
        
        if(v&1)
        {
            endRid = nsu->start^1;
        }
        else
        {
            endRid = nsu->end^1;
        }


        k = 0;
        rbub_edges.n = 0;
        while(get_edge2existing_node_advance(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
                max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, &uId, 1, &k, &r_edge, 1))
        {
            kv_push(asg_arc_t, rbub_edges, r_edge);
        }



        if(rbub_edges.n > 0)
        {
            ///need to do transitive reduction
            ///note here is different to standard transitive reduction
            minor_transitive_reduction(ug, ruIndex, rbub_edges.a, rbub_edges.n);
            if(is_primary_check)
            {
                max_oLen = 0; max_oLen_i = (uint32_t)-1;
                for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
                {
                    t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                    if(t.del) continue;
                    if(t.ol > max_oLen)
                    {
                        max_oLen = t.ol;
                        max_oLen_i = k;
                    }
                }

                if(max_oLen_i == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
                t = rbub_edges.a[max_oLen_i];
                w = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t.v);
                if(w == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
                if(get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL)!=0) continue;

                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                oLen = t.ol;
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, w, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);


                get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                oLen = t.ol;
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, w^1, ug->u.a[w>>1].len, v^1, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);
            }
            else
            {
                for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
                {
                    t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                    if(t.del) continue;
                    w = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t.v);
                    if(w == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
                    // get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t.v>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
                    // w = (uint32_t)-1;
                    // if(t.v == ug->u.a[uId].start) w = uId<<1;
                    // if(t.v == ug->u.a[uId].end) w = (uId<<1)^1;
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                    oLen = t.ol;
                    asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, w, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);


                    get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                    (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                    oLen = t.ol;
                    asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, w^1, ug->u.a[w>>1].len, v^1, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);
                }
            }

        }
    }

    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    if(is_bubble_check)
    {
        
        for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
        {
            p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
            *p = new_edges.a[k];
        }

        if(new_edges.n != 0)
        {
            free(r_g->idx);
            r_g->idx = 0;
            r_g->is_srt = 0;
            asg_cleanup(r_g);
        }
        

        pre_clean(sources, coverage_cut, r_g, 0);

        lable_all_bubbles(r_g, b_mask_t);


        for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
        {
            v = new_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
            w = new_edges.a[k].v;

            if(r_g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
            if(r_g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
            ///if this edge is at a bubble
            if(r_g->seq_vis[v]!=0 && r_g->seq_vis[w^1]!=0) continue;

            asg_arc_del(r_g, v, w, 1);
            asg_arc_del(r_g, w^1, v^1, 1);
        }
        asg_cleanup(r_g);
    }

    if(is_primary_check)
    {
        for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
        {
            p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
            *p = new_edges.a[k];
            if(new_rtg_edges) kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_rtg_edges->a, new_edges.a[k]);
        }

        if(new_edges.n != 0)
        {
            free(r_g->idx);
            r_g->idx = 0;
            r_g->is_srt = 0;
            asg_cleanup(r_g);
        }
    }


    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }

    if(i_ug == NULL) ma_ug_destroy(ug);

    kv_destroy(new_edges);
    kv_destroy(rbub_edges);
    /*************************just for debug**************************/
    // debug_utg_graph(ug, r_g, 0, 0);
    /*************************just for debug**************************/
}

void set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bubble_type* bub, ma_ug_t* ug, asg_t *r_g, uint32_t v, uint8_t* vis_flag, 
uint32_t flag)
{
    uint32_t beg, sink, *a = NULL, n, i, k, uId, rId;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    get_bubbles(bub, v, &beg, &sink, &a, &n, NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        uId = a[i]>>1;

        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m > 0)
        {
            for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
            {
                rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
                if(r_g->seq[rId].del) continue;
                vis_flag[rId] = flag;
            }
        }
    } 

    if(beg != (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        uId = beg>>1;

        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m > 0)
        {
            for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
            {
                rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
                if(r_g->seq[rId].del) continue;
                vis_flag[rId] = flag;
            }
        }
    }
    
    if(sink != (uint32_t)-1)
    {
        uId = sink>>1;

        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m > 0)
        {
            for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
            {
                rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
                if(r_g->seq[rId].del) continue;
                vis_flag[rId] = flag;
            }
        }
    }
}

void print_bubble_filling_status(ma_ug_t *copy_ug, asg_t *r_g, R_to_U* ruIndex, bubble_type* bub, 
uint32_t beg_idx, uint32_t occ, asg_arc_t* new_edges, uint32_t new_edges_len)
{
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    ma_ug_t* ug = copy_ug;
    uint32_t i, k_i, k_v, v, k, beg_utg, sink_utg, *a = NULL, n, uId, endRid, is_broken, is_tangle;
    uint32_t tangle_occ = 0, broken_occ = 0, recover_occ = 0, is_Unitig, contain_uId;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    for (i = beg_idx; i < beg_idx + occ; i++)
    {
        get_bubbles(bub, i, &beg_utg, &sink_utg, &a, &n, NULL);
        if(beg_utg == (uint32_t)-1 || sink_utg == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
        for (k_i = 0, is_broken = 1, is_tangle = 1; k_i < n; k_i++)
        {
            uId = a[k_i]>>1;
            nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
            if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
            for (k_v = 0; k_v < 2; k_v++)
            {
                v = (uId<<1) + k_v;
                if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 0) continue;

                ///tig
                is_tangle = 0;
                if(v&1)
                {
                    endRid = nsu->start^1;
                }
                else
                {
                    endRid = nsu->end^1;
                }

                if(r_g->seq[endRid>>1].del)
                {
                    is_broken = 0;
                    continue;
                }

                if(get_real_length(r_g, endRid, NULL) == 0)
                {
                    is_broken = 1;
                    goto tig_end;
                }
                else
                {
                    is_broken = 0;
                }
            }
        }

        tig_end:
        if(is_tangle)
        {
            tangle_occ++;
            fprintf(stderr, "tangle: beg-utg%.6ul, end-utg%.6ul\n", (beg_utg>>1)+1, (sink_utg>>1)+1);
        }
        else if(is_broken)
        {
            broken_occ++;
            fprintf(stderr, "broken: beg-utg%.6ul, end-utg%.6ul\n", (beg_utg>>1)+1, (sink_utg>>1)+1);
        }
        else
        {   
            recover_occ++;
            fprintf(stderr, "recover: beg-utg%.6ul, end-utg%.6ul\n", (beg_utg>>1)+1, (sink_utg>>1)+1);
        }
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "###########tangle_occ: %u, broken_occ: %u, recover_occ: %u\n", tangle_occ, broken_occ, recover_occ);
    nsg = ug->g;
    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++) 
        {
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, nsu->a[k]>>33, uId, 1, &(r_g->seq[nsu->a[k]>>33].c));
        }
    }
    #define check_debug_edge(g, t) (((g).seq[(t).ul>>33].del == 1) && ((g).seq[(t).v>>1].del == 0))



    for (k = 0; k < new_edges_len; k++)
    {
        v = new_edges[k].ul>>32;
        
        if(check_debug_edge(*r_g, new_edges[k]))
        {
            for (i = broken_occ = 0; i < new_edges_len; i++)
            {
                if((new_edges[i].ul>>32) == v) broken_occ++;
            }

            if(broken_occ > 1)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "*************tig_to_occ: %u\n", broken_occ);
                for (i = 0; i < new_edges_len; i++)
                {
                    if((new_edges[i].ul>>32) == v)
                    {
                        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, new_edges[i].v>>1, &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
                        if(is_Unitig == 1)
                        {
                            nsu = &(ug->u.a[contain_uId]);
                            for (k_i = 0; k_i < nsu->n; k_i++)
                            {
                                if((nsu->a[k_i]>>33) == (new_edges[i].v>>1)) break;
                            }
                            
                            fprintf(stderr, "to-utg%.6ul, idx_of_u: %u, u_n: %u\n", 
                                                                    contain_uId+1, k_i, nsu->n);
                        }
                        
                    }
                }
            }            
        }
    }



    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }

}

void minor_transitive_reduction_r_g(asg_t *r_g, asg_arc_t* rbub_edges, uint32_t num)
{
    uint32_t i, j, k, rId, nv, w;
    asg_arc_t* t = NULL;
    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    ///here all edges from v are saved in rbub_edges
    ///for edges already in graph, need to check del
    ///but for edges in rbub_edges, don't check del
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        t = &rbub_edges[i];
        rId = t->v;

        nv = asg_arc_n(r_g, rId);
        av = asg_arc_a(r_g, rId);
        for (j = 0; j < nv; j++)
        {
            if(av[j].del) continue;
            w = av[j].v;
            for (k = 0; k < num; k++)
            {
                p = &rbub_edges[k];
                ///this line is not necessary at all
                if(k==i) continue;
                if(p->v == w) p->del = 1;
            }
        }
    }
}



int if_recoverable(asg_t *sg, ma_ug_t *ug, bubble_type* bub, uint32_t bid, kvec_t_u32_warp* stack, uint8_t* vis_flag)
{
    uint32_t beg_utg, sink_utg, *a = NULL, n, begRid, sinkRid, i;
    get_bubbles(bub, bid, &beg_utg, &sink_utg, &a, &n, NULL);
    if(beg_utg == (uint32_t)-1 || sink_utg == (uint32_t)-1) return 0;
    if(beg_utg&1)
    {
        begRid = ug->u.a[beg_utg>>1].start^1;
    }
    else
    {
        begRid = ug->u.a[beg_utg>>1].end^1;
    }

    if(sink_utg&1)
    {
        sinkRid = ug->u.a[sink_utg>>1].start;
    }
    else
    {
        sinkRid = ug->u.a[sink_utg>>1].end;
    }

    asg_arc_t *acur = NULL;
    uint32_t cur, ncur, v, n_vx = sg->n_seq<<1;
    stack->a.n = 0; 
    memset(vis_flag, 0, n_vx);

    kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, begRid);
    while (stack->a.n > 0)
    {
        stack->a.n--;
        cur = stack->a.a[stack->a.n];
        ncur = asg_arc_n(sg, cur);
        acur = asg_arc_a(sg, cur);
        vis_flag[cur] |= 1;
        for (i = 0; i < ncur; i++)
        {
            if(acur[i].del) continue;
            if(vis_flag[acur[i].v]&1) return 0;
            if(vis_flag[acur[i].v^1]&1) return 0;
            if(acur[i].v == sinkRid) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, acur[i].v);
        }
    }
    vis_flag[sinkRid] |= 1;



    begRid ^= 1; sinkRid ^= 1; v = begRid; begRid = sinkRid; sinkRid = v;
    
    stack->a.n = 0; 
    kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, begRid);
    while (stack->a.n > 0)
    {
        stack->a.n--;
        cur = stack->a.a[stack->a.n];
        ncur = asg_arc_n(sg, cur);
        acur = asg_arc_a(sg, cur);
        vis_flag[cur] |= 2;
        for (i = 0; i < ncur; i++)
        {
            if(acur[i].del) continue;
            if(vis_flag[acur[i].v]&2) return 0;
            if(vis_flag[acur[i].v]&1) return 0;
            if(vis_flag[acur[i].v^1]&2) return 0;
            if(acur[i].v == sinkRid) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, acur[i].v);
        }
    }
    vis_flag[sinkRid] |= 2;



    begRid ^= 1; sinkRid ^= 1; v = begRid; begRid = sinkRid; sinkRid = v;

    return 1;
}

void rescue_bubbles_by_contained_reads(ma_ug_t *i_u_g, asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t chainLenThres, uint32_t beg_idx, uint32_t occ, bubble_type* bub, 
bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    asg_t* nsg = NULL;
    uint32_t beg_utg, sink_utg, *a = NULL, n, i, bub_i, k_i, k_v, k, uId, endRid, is_Unitig, contain_rId;
    uint32_t ava_max, ava_ol_max, ava_min_chain, ava_cur, test_oLen, ava_chainLen, is_update, v, w;
    uint64_t l_bub, m_bub, r_bub, /**bub_0, bub_1,**/ a_nodes;
    ma_ug_t* ug = i_u_g;
    ma_utg_t *nsu = NULL, *u = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL, *h_max = NULL;
    uint8_t* expect_vis = NULL; CALLOC(expect_vis, r_g->n_seq);
    uint8_t* circle_vis = NULL; CALLOC(circle_vis, r_g->n_seq);
    uint8_t* utg_vis = NULL; CALLOC(utg_vis, ug->g->n_seq);
    asg_arc_t t, t_max, r_edge;

    for (v = 0; v < ug->u.n; v++) ug->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
    
    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_edges;
    kv_init(new_edges);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) rbub_edges;
    kv_init(rbub_edges);

    kvec_t_u64_warp u_vecs;
    kv_init(u_vecs.a);

    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp chain_edges;
    kv_init(chain_edges.a);

    nsg = ug->g;
    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++) 
        {
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, nsu->a[k]>>33, uId, 1, &(r_g->seq[nsu->a[k]>>33].c));
        }
    }


    for (i = 0; i < bub->b_ug->u.n; i++)
    {
        u = &(bub->b_ug->u.a[i]);
        if(u->n < 3) continue; ///should be at least 3
        for (bub_i = 1; bub_i+1 < u->n; bub_i++)
        {
            m_bub = u->a[bub_i]>>33; l_bub = r_bub = (uint64_t)-1;
            if(m_bub < beg_idx || m_bub >= beg_idx + occ) continue;
            l_bub = u->a[bub_i-1]>>33;
            r_bub = u->a[bub_i+1]>>33;

            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, l_bub, expect_vis, 1);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, r_bub, expect_vis, 1);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, m_bub, expect_vis, 1);

            get_bubbles(bub, m_bub, &beg_utg, &sink_utg, &a, &n, NULL);
            for (k_i = 0; k_i < n; k_i++)
            {
                uId = a[k_i]>>1;
                nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
                if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
                for (k_v = 0; k_v < 2; k_v++)
                {
                    v = (uId<<1) + k_v;
                    if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 0) continue;

                    if(v&1)
                    {
                        endRid = nsu->start^1;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        endRid = nsu->end^1;
                    }

                    //x is the end read of a tip
                    ///find all overlap of x
                    x = &(sources[(endRid>>1)]);
                    ava_ol_max = ava_max = 0; ava_min_chain = (uint32_t)-1;
                    h_max = NULL;
                    for (k = 0; k < x->length; k++)
                    {
                        ///fprintf(stderr, "k: %u\n", k);
                        ///h is the edge of endRid
                        h = &(x->buffer[k]);
                        ///means we found a contained read
                        if(get_contained_reads_chain_by_broken_bub(h, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, ug, r_g, 
                        max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, uId, &chain_edges, &ava_cur, &test_oLen, &ava_chainLen, 
                        expect_vis, circle_vis, utg_vis, chainLenThres, 1))
                        {
                            is_update = 0;

                            if(ava_cur > ava_max)
                            {
                                is_update = 1;
                            }
                            else if(ava_cur == ava_max)
                            {
                                if(ava_chainLen < ava_min_chain)
                                {
                                    is_update = 1;
                                }
                                else if(ava_chainLen == ava_min_chain && test_oLen > ava_ol_max)
                                {
                                    is_update = 1;
                                }
                            }

                            if(is_update)
                            {
                                ava_min_chain = ava_chainLen;
                                ava_max = ava_cur;
                                ava_ol_max = test_oLen;
                                h_max = h;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if(ava_max > 0)
                    {
                        ///fprintf(stderr, "ava_max: %u\n", ava_max);
                        get_contained_reads_chain_by_broken_bub(h_max, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, ug, r_g, 
                        max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, uId, &chain_edges, &ava_cur, &test_oLen, &ava_chainLen, 
                        expect_vis, circle_vis, NULL, chainLenThres, 1);
                        if(chain_edges.a.n < 1) continue;
                        ///the last cantained read
                        t_max = chain_edges.a.a[chain_edges.a.n-1];

                        k = 0; rbub_edges.n = 0;
                        ///edges from the last contained read to other unitigs

                        while(get_edge2existing_node_advance_by_broken_bub(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, 
                        ruIndex, expect_vis, max_hang, min_ovlp, t_max.v, &k, &r_edge, 1))
                        {
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, rbub_edges, r_edge);
                        }

                        ///need to do transitive reduction
                        ///note here is different to standard transitive reduction
                        minor_transitive_reduction_r_g(r_g, rbub_edges.a, rbub_edges.n);

                        for (k = 0; k < chain_edges.a.n; k++)
                        {
                            t_max = chain_edges.a.a[k];
                            ///save all infor for reverting
                            get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t_max.v>>1, &contain_rId, &is_Unitig);
                            a_nodes=contain_rId; 
                            a_nodes=a_nodes<<32; 
                            a_nodes=a_nodes|((uint64_t)(t_max.v>>1));
                            kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, a_nodes);

                            r_g->seq[t_max.v>>1].del = 0;
                            coverage_cut[t_max.v>>1].del = 0;
                            coverage_cut[t_max.v>>1].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;

                            get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                            (t_max.ul>>32), t_max.v, &t);
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);

                            get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                            (t_max.v^1), ((t_max.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                        }


                        for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
                        {
                            t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                            if(t.del) continue;
                    
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                            get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                            (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                        }

                    }
                }
            }
            

            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, l_bub, expect_vis, 0);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, r_bub, expect_vis, 0);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, m_bub, expect_vis, 0);
        }
    }

    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
    {
        p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
        *p = new_edges.a[k];
    }
    if(new_edges.n != 0)
    {
        free(r_g->idx);
        r_g->idx = 0;
        r_g->is_srt = 0;
        asg_cleanup(r_g);
        asg_symm(r_g);
    }

    pre_clean(sources, coverage_cut, r_g, 0);

    lable_all_bubbles(r_g, b_mask_t);

    for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
    {
        v = new_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
        w = new_edges.a[k].v;

        if(r_g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(r_g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
        ///if this edge is at a bubble
        if(r_g->seq_vis[v]!=0 && r_g->seq_vis[w^1]!=0) continue;

        asg_arc_del(r_g, v, w, 1);
        asg_arc_del(r_g, w^1, v^1, 1);
    }
    asg_cleanup(r_g);
    asg_symm(r_g);

    for (k = 0; k < u_vecs.a.n; k++)
    {
        w = (uint32_t)u_vecs.a.a[k];
        w = w<<1;
        if((!r_g->seq[w>>1].del) && 
                    (get_real_length(r_g, w, NULL)!=0 || get_real_length(r_g, (w^1), NULL)!=0))
        {
            w=w>>1;
            ruIndex->index[w] = (uint32_t)-1;
        }
        else
        {
            w=w>>1;
            r_g->seq[w].del = 1;
            coverage_cut[w].del = 1;
        }
    }
    
    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }

    // fprintf(stderr, "M::%s has done!\n", __func__);
    // print_bubble_filling_status(ug, r_g, ruIndex, bub, beg_idx, occ, new_edges.a, new_edges.n);

    kv_destroy(new_edges);
    kv_destroy(rbub_edges);
    kv_destroy(u_vecs.a);
    kv_destroy(chain_edges.a);
    free(expect_vis);
    free(circle_vis);
    free(utg_vis);
}


void rescue_bubbles_by_missing_ovlp(ma_ug_t *i_u_g, asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t chainLenThres, uint32_t beg_idx, uint32_t occ, bubble_type* bub, 
bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    asg_t* nsg = NULL;
    uint32_t beg_utg, sink_utg, *a = NULL, n, i, bub_i, k_i, k_v, k, uId, endRid, is_Unitig, v, w;
    uint64_t l_bub, m_bub, r_bub/**, bub_0, bub_1**/;
    ma_ug_t* ug = i_u_g;
    ma_utg_t *nsu = NULL, *u = NULL;
    uint8_t* expect_vis = NULL; CALLOC(expect_vis, r_g->n_seq);
    asg_arc_t t, r_edge;

    for (v = 0; v < ug->u.n; v++) ug->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
    
    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_edges;
    kv_init(new_edges);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) rbub_edges;
    kv_init(rbub_edges);


    nsg = ug->g;
    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++) 
        {
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, nsu->a[k]>>33, uId, 1, &(r_g->seq[nsu->a[k]>>33].c));
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < bub->b_ug->u.n; i++)
    {
        u = &(bub->b_ug->u.a[i]);
        if(u->n < 3) continue; ///should be at least 3
        for (bub_i = 1; bub_i+1 < u->n; bub_i++)
        {
            m_bub = u->a[bub_i]>>33; l_bub = r_bub = (uint64_t)-1;
            if(m_bub < beg_idx || m_bub >= beg_idx + occ) continue;
            l_bub = u->a[bub_i-1]>>33;
            r_bub = u->a[bub_i+1]>>33;

            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, l_bub, expect_vis, 1);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, r_bub, expect_vis, 1);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, m_bub, expect_vis, 1);

            get_bubbles(bub, m_bub, &beg_utg, &sink_utg, &a, &n, NULL);

            for (k_i = 0; k_i < n; k_i++)
            {
                uId = a[k_i]>>1;
                nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
                if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
                for (k_v = 0; k_v < 2; k_v++)
                {
                    v = (uId<<1) + k_v;
                    if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 0) continue;

                    if(v&1)
                    {
                        endRid = nsu->start^1;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        endRid = nsu->end^1;
                    }


                    k = 0; rbub_edges.n = 0;
                    while(get_edge2existing_node_advance_by_broken_bub(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, 
                        ruIndex, expect_vis, max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, &k, &r_edge, 1))
                    {
                        kv_push(asg_arc_t, rbub_edges, r_edge);
                    }

                    if(rbub_edges.n > 0)
                    {
                        ///need to do transitive reduction
                        ///note here is different to standard transitive reduction
                        minor_transitive_reduction_r_g(r_g, rbub_edges.a, rbub_edges.n);
                        for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
                        {
                            t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                            if(t.del) continue;
                    
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                            get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                            (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            

            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, l_bub, expect_vis, 0);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, r_bub, expect_vis, 0);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, m_bub, expect_vis, 0);
        }
    }

    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
    {
        p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
        *p = new_edges.a[k];
    }
    if(new_edges.n != 0)
    {
        free(r_g->idx);
        r_g->idx = 0;
        r_g->is_srt = 0;
        asg_cleanup(r_g);
        asg_symm(r_g);
    }

    pre_clean(sources, coverage_cut, r_g, 0);

    lable_all_bubbles(r_g, b_mask_t);


    for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
    {
        v = new_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
        w = new_edges.a[k].v;

        if(r_g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(r_g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
        ///if this edge is at a bubble
        if(r_g->seq_vis[v]!=0 && r_g->seq_vis[w^1]!=0) continue;

        asg_arc_del(r_g, v, w, 1);
        asg_arc_del(r_g, w^1, v^1, 1);
    }
    asg_cleanup(r_g);
    asg_symm(r_g);

    
    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }
    // fprintf(stderr, "M::%s has done!\n", __func__);
    // print_bubble_filling_status(ug, r_g, ruIndex, bub, beg_idx, occ, new_edges.a, new_edges.n);

    kv_destroy(new_edges);
    kv_destroy(rbub_edges);
    free(expect_vis);
}

void update_unitig(long long step, long long init, ma_utg_t* nsu, asg_t *r_g, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* recover_edges, uint32_t update_mode);
void rescue_bubbles_by_missing_ovlp_backward(ma_ug_t *i_u_g, asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t backward_steps, uint32_t beg_idx, uint32_t occ, bubble_type* bub, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    asg_t* nsg = NULL;
    uint32_t beg_utg, sink_utg, *a = NULL, n, i, bub_i, k_i, k_v, k, uId, endRid, is_Unitig, round, cur_backward_steps;
    uint32_t v, w, mode, nv;
    uint64_t l_bub, m_bub, r_bub, /**bub_0, bub_1,**/ tmp;
    ma_ug_t* ug = i_u_g;
    ma_utg_t *nsu = NULL, *u = NULL;
    uint8_t* expect_vis = NULL; CALLOC(expect_vis, r_g->n_seq);
    long long init, step = 0;
    asg_arc_t t, r_edge, *av = NULL;

    for (v = 0; v < ug->u.n; v++) ug->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
    
    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_edges;
    kv_init(new_edges);

    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp recover_edges;
    kv_init(recover_edges.a);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) rbub_edges;
    kv_init(rbub_edges);

    kvec_t_u64_warp u_vecs;
    kv_init(u_vecs.a);


    nsg = ug->g;
    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++) 
        {
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, nsu->a[k]>>33, uId, 1, &(r_g->seq[nsu->a[k]>>33].c));
        }
    }


    for (i = 0; i < bub->b_ug->u.n; i++)
    {
        u = &(bub->b_ug->u.a[i]);
        if(u->n < 3) continue; ///should be at least 3
        for (bub_i = 1; bub_i+1 < u->n; bub_i++)
        {
            m_bub = u->a[bub_i]>>33; l_bub = r_bub = (uint64_t)-1;
            if(m_bub < beg_idx || m_bub >= beg_idx + occ) continue;
            l_bub = u->a[bub_i-1]>>33;
            r_bub = u->a[bub_i+1]>>33;

            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, l_bub, expect_vis, 1);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, r_bub, expect_vis, 1);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, m_bub, expect_vis, 1);
            get_bubbles(bub, m_bub, &beg_utg, &sink_utg, &a, &n, NULL);
            for (k_i = 0; k_i < n; k_i++)
            {
                uId = a[k_i]>>1;
                nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
                if(nsu->m == 0) continue;

                rbub_edges.n = round = 0;
                for (k_v = 0; k_v < 2; k_v++)
                {
                    if(rbub_edges.n > 0)
                    {
                        cur_backward_steps = nsu->n - round - 1;
                        if(cur_backward_steps > backward_steps)
                        {
                            cur_backward_steps = backward_steps;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        cur_backward_steps = backward_steps;
                    }


                    v = (uId<<1) + k_v;
                    if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
                    ///fprintf(stderr, "++++++tig-utg%.6ul\n", uId+1);
                    ///that means this unitig has been changed
                    // if(nsu->start!=((uint64_t)(nsu->a[0])>>32)) continue;
                    // if((nsu->end^1)!=((uint64_t)(nsu->a[nsu->n-1])>>32)) continue;

                    if(v&1)
                    {
                        init = 0;
                        step = 1;
                        mode = 1;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        init = nsu->n - 1;
                        step = -1;
                        mode = 0;
                    }

                    rbub_edges.n = 0;
                    for (round = 0; round < cur_backward_steps && init >= 0 && init < (long long)nsu->n; 
                                                                            init = init + step, round++)
                    {
                        endRid = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[init]))>>32;
                        endRid = endRid^mode;

                        k = 0; rbub_edges.n = 0;
                        while(get_edge2existing_node_advance_by_broken_bub(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, 
                            ruIndex, expect_vis, max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, &k, &r_edge, 1))
                        {
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, rbub_edges, r_edge);
                        }

                        if(rbub_edges.n > 0) break;
                    }

                    if(rbub_edges.n > 0)
                    {
                        //save for revert
                        tmp = mode; tmp = tmp <<31; tmp = tmp | (uint64_t)(init); tmp = tmp << 32; tmp = tmp | uId;
                        kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, tmp);
                        ///need to do transitive reduction
                        ///note here is different to standard transitive reduction
                        minor_transitive_reduction_r_g(r_g, rbub_edges.a, rbub_edges.n);


                        ///modify read graph
                        for (init = init - step; init >= 0 && init < (long long)nsu->n; init = init - step)
                        {
                            w = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[init]))>>32;
                            nv = asg_arc_n(r_g, w);
                            av = asg_arc_a(r_g, w);
                            for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
                            {
                                if(av[k].del) continue;
                                kv_push(asg_arc_t, recover_edges.a, av[k]);
                                if(asg_get_arc(r_g, av[k].v^1, av[k].ul>>32^1, &t)==0)
                                {
                                    fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
                                } 
                                kv_push(asg_arc_t, recover_edges.a, t);
                            }
                            

                            nv = asg_arc_n(r_g, w^1);
                            av = asg_arc_a(r_g, w^1);
                            for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
                            {
                                if(av[k].del) continue;
                                kv_push(asg_arc_t, recover_edges.a, av[k]);
                                if(asg_get_arc(r_g, av[k].v^1, av[k].ul>>32^1, &t)==0)
                                {
                                    fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
                                } 
                                kv_push(asg_arc_t, recover_edges.a, t);
                            }

                            ///w = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[init]))>>32;
                            asg_seq_del(r_g, w>>1);
                            expect_vis[w>>1] = 0;
                        }


                        for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
                        {
                            t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                            if(t.del) continue;

                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                            get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                            (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                        }
                    }

                }
            }
            

            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, l_bub, expect_vis, 0);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, r_bub, expect_vis, 0);
            set_rtg_flag_by_bubble(bub, ug, r_g, m_bub, expect_vis, 0);
        }
    }

    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
    {
        p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
        *p = new_edges.a[k];
    }
    if(new_edges.n != 0)
    {
        free(r_g->idx);
        r_g->idx = 0;
        r_g->is_srt = 0;
        asg_cleanup(r_g);
        asg_symm(r_g);
    }

    pre_clean(sources, coverage_cut, r_g, 0);

    lable_all_bubbles(r_g, b_mask_t);

    for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
    {
        v = new_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
        w = new_edges.a[k].v;

        if(r_g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(r_g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
        ///if this edge is at a bubble
        if(r_g->seq_vis[v]!=0 && r_g->seq_vis[w^1]!=0) continue;

        asg_arc_del(r_g, v, w, 1);
        asg_arc_del(r_g, w^1, v^1, 1);
    }
    asg_cleanup(r_g);
    asg_symm(r_g);

    for (k = 0; k < recover_edges.a.n; k++)
    {
        recover_edges.a.a[k].del = 1;
    }

    for (k = 0; k < u_vecs.a.n; k++)
    {
        mode = (uint64_t)u_vecs.a.a[k]>>63;
        if(mode == 1) step = 1;
        if(mode == 0) step = -1;
        init = (uint64_t)((uint64_t)u_vecs.a.a[k]>>32)&((uint64_t)(0x7fffffff));
        uId = (uint32_t)u_vecs.a.a[k];
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);

        endRid = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[init]))>>32;
        endRid = endRid^mode;
        if(get_real_length(r_g, endRid, NULL) > 0)
        {
            update_unitig(step, init, nsu, r_g, &recover_edges, 1);
        }
        else
        {
            update_unitig(step, init, nsu, r_g, &recover_edges, 0);
        }
        // if(get_real_length(r_g, endRid, NULL) <= 0)
        // {
        //     update_unitig(step, init, nsu, r_g, &recover_edges, 0);
        // } 
    }

    uint64_t recov_occ = 0;
    for (k = 0; k < recover_edges.a.n; k++)
    {
        if(recover_edges.a.a[k].del) continue;
        p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
        *p = recover_edges.a.a[k];
        recov_occ++;
    }

    if(recov_occ != 0)
    {
        free(r_g->idx);
        r_g->idx = 0;
        r_g->is_srt = 0;
        asg_cleanup(r_g);
        asg_symm(r_g);
    }

    
    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }

    // fprintf(stderr, "M::%s has done!\n", __func__);
    // print_bubble_filling_status(ug, r_g, ruIndex, bub, beg_idx, occ, new_edges.a, new_edges.n);

    kv_destroy(new_edges);
    kv_destroy(rbub_edges);
    kv_destroy(u_vecs.a);
    kv_destroy(recover_edges.a);
    free(expect_vis);
}


void reset_bub(bubble_type* bub, ma_ug_t *ug, trans_chain* back_ug_chain, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* new_rtg_edges)
{
    destory_bubbles(bub);
    memset(bub, 0, sizeof(bubble_type));

    new_rtg_edges->a.n = 0;
    ///classify_untigs(ug, sg, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, ruIndex, new_rtg_edges, max_hang, min_ovlp);
    identify_bubbles(ug, bub, back_ug_chain->is_r_het, NULL);
    // update_bubble_chain(ug, bub, 0, 1);
    // resolve_bubble_chain_tangle(ug, bub);
    // fprintf(stderr, "bub.f_bub: %lu, bub.b_bub: %lu, bub.b_end_bub: %lu, bub.tangle_bub: %lu, bub.cross_bub: %lu\n", 
    // bub->f_bub, bub->b_bub, bub->b_end_bub, bub->tangle_bub, bub->cross_bub);
}


int bub_complex(asg_t *sg, ma_ug_t *ug, bubble_type* bub, uint32_t bid, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, kvec_t_u32_warp* stack, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint8_t* trio_flag, uint8_t* vis_flag, kv_asg_arc_t* e, buf_t *b, uint64_t tLen)
{
    if(bid >= bub->f_bub) return 0;
    uint32_t beg_utg, sink_utg, *a = NULL, n, begRid, sinkRid, i, k_i, k_j, k_v, rID/**, cur_flag, pre_flag, after_flag**/;
    int is_switch_0, is_switch_1;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    get_bubbles(bub, bid, &beg_utg, &sink_utg, &a, &n, NULL);
    if(beg_utg == (uint32_t)-1 || sink_utg == (uint32_t)-1) return 0;
    if(beg_utg&1)
    {
        begRid = ug->u.a[beg_utg>>1].start^1;
    }
    else
    {
        begRid = ug->u.a[beg_utg>>1].end^1;
    }

    if(sink_utg&1)
    {
        sinkRid = ug->u.a[sink_utg>>1].start;
    }
    else
    {
        sinkRid = ug->u.a[sink_utg>>1].end;
    }


    
    is_switch_0 = is_switch_1 = 1;
    asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio_switch_check(ug->g, ug, beg_utg, tLen, b, FATHER, DROP, 0, NULL, NULL, &is_switch_0);

    if(is_switch_0 == 0)
    {
        asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio_switch_check(ug->g, ug, beg_utg, tLen, b, MOTHER, DROP, 0, NULL, NULL, &is_switch_1);
    } 
    

    for (k_i = 0; k_i < n; k_i++)
    {
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[a[k_i]>>1]);
        for (k_j = 0; k_j < nsu->n; k_j++)
        {
            rID = nsu->a[k_j]>>33;
            if(R_INF.trio_flag[rID] == DROP) R_INF.trio_flag[rID] = AMBIGU;
        }
    }
    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    // for (i = 0; i < sg->n_seq; i++)
    // {
    //     if(R_INF.trio_flag[i] == DROP) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR-1\n");
    // }
    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    
    if(is_switch_0 == 0 && is_switch_1 == 0) return 0;

    asg_arc_t *acur = NULL;
    uint32_t cur, ncur, v, n_vx = sg->n_seq<<1;
    stack->a.n = 0; 
    memset(vis_flag, 0, n_vx);

    kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, begRid);
    while (stack->a.n > 0)
    {
        stack->a.n--;
        cur = stack->a.a[stack->a.n];
        ncur = asg_arc_n(sg, cur);
        acur = asg_arc_a(sg, cur);
        vis_flag[cur] = 1;
        for (i = 0; i < ncur; i++)
        {
            if(acur[i].del) continue;
            if(vis_flag[acur[i].v]) continue;
            if(acur[i].v == sinkRid) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, acur[i].v);
        }
    }
    vis_flag[sinkRid] = 1;


    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    int32_t r;
    asg_arc_t t;
    

    for (k_i = 0; k_i < n; k_i++)
    {
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[a[k_i]>>1]);
        for (k_j = 0; k_j < nsu->n; k_j++)
        {
            rID = nsu->a[k_j]>>33;
            for (k_v = 0; k_v < 2; k_v++)
            {
                v = (rID<<1) + k_v;
                if(vis_flag[v] == 0) continue;
                x = &(sources[v>>1]);
                for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
                {
                    h = &(x->buffer[i]);
                    sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
                    st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
                    if(st->del || sg->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;
                    r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                        asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
                
                    ///if it is a contained read, skip
                    if(r < 0) continue;
                    if((t.ul>>32) != v) continue;
                    if(vis_flag[t.ul>>32] == 0 || vis_flag[t.v] == 0) continue;
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, *e, t);
                    get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                                (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, *e, t);
                }

            }
        }
    }

    return 1;
    
    /**
    for (v = 0; v < n_vx; v++)
    {
        if(vis_flag[v] == 0) continue;
        fprintf(stderr, "v: %u, n_vx: %u\n", v, n_vx);
        x = &(sources[v>>1]);
        for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "i: %u, x->length: %u\n", i, x->length);
            h = &(x->buffer[i]);
            sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
            st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
            if(st->del || sg->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;
            r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
        
            ///if it is a contained read, skip
            if(r < 0) continue;
            if((t.ul>>32) != v) continue;
            if(vis_flag[t.ul>>32] == 0 || vis_flag[t.v] == 0) continue;
            kv_push(asg_arc_t, *e, t);
            get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, NULL, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                        (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
            kv_push(asg_arc_t, *e, t);
        }
    }
    **/
    

    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    // uint32_t utg_occ = 0, rtg_occ = 0;
    // for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    // {
    //     utg_occ += ug->u.a[a[i]>>1].n;
    // }

    // for (i = 0; i < n_vx; i++)
    // {
    //     if(vis_flag[i]) rtg_occ++;
    // }
    
    // fprintf(stderr, "bid: %u, rtg_occ: %u, utg_occ: %u\n", bid, rtg_occ, utg_occ);
    // if(rtg_occ != utg_occ + 2) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    /*******************************for debug************************************/
}


void debug_bubble_chain(asg_t *sg, ma_ug_t *ug, bubble_type* bub, uint32_t bid, kvec_t_u32_warp* stack, uint8_t* vis_flag)
{
    if(bid >= bub->f_bub) return;
    uint32_t beg_utg, sink_utg, *a = NULL, n, begRid, sinkRid;
    get_bubbles(bub, bid, &beg_utg, &sink_utg, &a, &n, NULL);
    if(beg_utg == (uint32_t)-1 || sink_utg == (uint32_t)-1) return;
    if(beg_utg&1)
    {
        begRid = ug->u.a[beg_utg>>1].start^1;
    }
    else
    {
        begRid = ug->u.a[beg_utg>>1].end^1;
    }

    if(sink_utg&1)
    {
        sinkRid = ug->u.a[sink_utg>>1].start;
    }
    else
    {
        sinkRid = ug->u.a[sink_utg>>1].end;
    }

    asg_arc_t *acur = NULL;
    uint32_t cur, ncur, i, n_vx = sg->n_seq<<1;
    stack->a.n = 0; 
    memset(vis_flag, 0, n_vx);

    kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, begRid);
    while (stack->a.n > 0)
    {
        stack->a.n--;
        cur = stack->a.a[stack->a.n];
        ncur = asg_arc_n(sg, cur);
        acur = asg_arc_a(sg, cur);
        vis_flag[cur] = 1;
        for (i = 0; i < ncur; i++)
        {
            if(acur[i].del) continue;
            if(vis_flag[acur[i].v]) continue;
            if(acur[i].v == sinkRid) continue;
            kv_push(uint32_t, stack->a, acur[i].v);
        }
    }
    vis_flag[sinkRid] = 1;


    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    uint32_t utg_occ = 0, rtg_occ = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        utg_occ += ug->u.a[a[i]>>1].n;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < n_vx; i++)
    {
        if(vis_flag[i]) rtg_occ++;
    }
    
    fprintf(stderr, "bid: %u, rtg_occ: %u, utg_occ: %u\n", bid, rtg_occ, utg_occ);
    if(rtg_occ != utg_occ + 2) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
    /*******************************for debug************************************/
}

void rescue_missing_hap_ovlp(ma_ug_t *u_g, asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, 
int max_hang, int min_ovlp, bubble_type* bub, long long gap_fuzz)
{
    uint32_t i, n_arc = r_g->n_arc, fix_bub = 0;
    uint8_t* vis_flag = NULL; CALLOC(vis_flag, r_g->n_seq*2);
    kvec_t_u32_warp stack; kv_init(stack.a);
    kv_asg_arc_t e; kv_init(e);
    double index_time = yak_realtime();

    buf_t b; memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t)); 
    b.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(u_g->g->n_seq * 2, sizeof(binfo_t));
    uint64_t tLen = get_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(u_g->g, &b);
    for (i = 0; i < bub->f_bub; i++)
    {
        fix_bub += bub_complex(r_g, u_g, bub, i, sources, coverage_cut, &stack, max_hang, min_ovlp, R_INF.trio_flag, vis_flag, &e, &b, tLen);
    }
    free(b.a); free(b.S.a); free(b.T.a); free(b.b.a); free(b.e.a);

    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < e.n; i++)
    {
        p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
        *p = e.a[i];
    }
    if(e.n != 0)
    {
        free(r_g->idx);
        r_g->idx = 0;
        r_g->is_srt = 0;
        asg_cleanup(r_g);
        asg_symm(r_g);
        asg_arc_del_trans(r_g, gap_fuzz);
        // for (i = 0; i < bub->f_bub; i++)
        // {
        //     debug_bubble_chain(r_g, u_g, bub, i, &stack, vis_flag);
        // }
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f] # inserted edges: %u, # fixed bubbles: %u\n", 
                        __func__, yak_realtime() - index_time, r_g->n_arc - n_arc, fix_bub);

    free(vis_flag);
    kv_destroy(stack.a);
    kv_destroy(e);
}


uint8_t *rescue_bubble_by_chain(asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long tipsLen, float tip_drop_ratio, long long stops_threshold, R_to_U* ruIndex, 
float chimeric_rate, float drop_ratio, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t chainLenThres, long long gap_fuzz, 
bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges.a);
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, PRIMARY_LABLE);

    // FILE* output_file = fopen("straw-debug.noseq.gfa", "w");
    // ma_ug_print_simple(ug, &R_INF, sg, coverage_cut, sources, ruIndex, "utg", output_file);
    // fclose(output_file);


    hap_cov_t *cov = NULL;
    asg_t *copy_sg = copy_read_graph(sg);
    ma_ug_t *copy_ug = copy_untig_graph(ug);    
    adjust_utg_by_primary(&copy_ug, copy_sg, TRIO_THRES, sources, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, 
    tipsLen, tip_drop_ratio, stops_threshold, ruIndex, chimeric_rate, drop_ratio, 
    max_hang, min_ovlp, &new_rtg_edges, &cov, b_mask_t, 0, 0);
    ma_ug_destroy(copy_ug); copy_ug = NULL;
    asg_destroy(copy_sg); copy_sg = NULL;

    uint32_t beg_idx, occ;
    bubble_type bub; 
    memset(&bub, 0, sizeof(bubble_type));
    copy_ug = copy_untig_graph(ug);
    reset_bub(&bub, ug, cov->t_ch, &new_rtg_edges);
    beg_idx = bub.f_bub; occ = bub.b_bub + bub.b_end_bub + bub.tangle_bub;
    rescue_bubbles_by_contained_reads(ug, sg, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, chainLenThres, beg_idx, occ, &bub, b_mask_t);

    ma_ug_destroy(ug); ug = NULL; ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, PRIMARY_LABLE);
    reset_bub(&bub, ug, cov->t_ch, &new_rtg_edges);
    beg_idx = bub.f_bub; occ = bub.b_bub + bub.b_end_bub + bub.tangle_bub;
    rescue_bubbles_by_missing_ovlp(ug, sg, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, chainLenThres, beg_idx, occ, &bub, b_mask_t);

    ma_ug_destroy(ug); ug = NULL; ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, PRIMARY_LABLE);
    reset_bub(&bub, ug, cov->t_ch, &new_rtg_edges);
    beg_idx = bub.f_bub; occ = bub.b_bub + bub.b_end_bub + bub.tangle_bub;
    rescue_bubbles_by_missing_ovlp_backward(ug, sg, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, chainLenThres, beg_idx, occ, &bub, b_mask_t);

    if(ha_opt_triobin(&asm_opt))
    {
        ma_ug_destroy(ug); ug = NULL; ug = ma_ug_gen_primary(sg, PRIMARY_LABLE);
        reset_bub(&bub, ug, cov->t_ch, &new_rtg_edges);
        rescue_missing_hap_ovlp(ug, sg, sources, coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, &bub, gap_fuzz);
    }

    uint8_t *het_flag = cov->t_ch->is_r_het;
    cov->t_ch->is_r_het = NULL;
    destory_bubbles(&bub);
    destory_hap_cov_t(&cov);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges.a);
    ma_ug_destroy(copy_ug); copy_ug = NULL;
    return het_flag;
}

void update_unitig(long long step, long long init, ma_utg_t* nsu, asg_t *r_g, 
kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* recover_edges, uint32_t update_mode)
{
    uint64_t l, k;
    uint32_t v;
    ///recover
    if(update_mode == 0)
    {
        if(step == 1) nsu->start = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[0])>>32);
        if(step == -1) nsu->end = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[nsu->n-1])>>32)^1;
        if(recover_edges)
        {
            ///the first node has not been deleted, others has been deleted
            for (init = init - step; init >= 0 && init < (long long)nsu->n; init = init - step)
            {
                v = (uint64_t)nsu->a[init]>>32;
                r_g->seq[v>>1].del = 0;
                for (k = 0; k < recover_edges->a.n; k++)
                {
                    if(((v>>1)==(recover_edges->a.a[k].ul>>33)) || 
                                        ((v>>1)==(recover_edges->a.a[k].v>>1)))
                    {
                        recover_edges->a.a[k].del = 0;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else ///update
    {
        //end of unitig
        if(step == -1 && init != (long long)((long long)nsu->n - 1))
        {
            l = r_g->seq[(nsu->a[init]>>33)].len;
            nsu->n = init+1;
            nsu->a[nsu->n-1] = nsu->a[nsu->n-1]>>32;
            nsu->a[nsu->n-1] = nsu->a[nsu->n-1]<<32;
            nsu->a[nsu->n-1] = nsu->a[nsu->n-1] | (uint64_t)(l);
        }

        //beg of unitig
        if(step == 1 && init != 0)
        {
            for(k = init; k < nsu->n; k++)
            {
                nsu->a[k-init] = nsu->a[k];
            }
            nsu->n = nsu->n - init;
        }

        nsu->len = 0;
        for(k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
        {
            nsu->len += (uint32_t)nsu->a[k];
        }
    }
}
void rescue_missing_overlaps_backward(ma_ug_t *i_ug, asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut,
R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t backward_steps, uint32_t is_bubble_check, uint32_t is_primary_check, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    uint32_t v, vId, dir, k, cur_backward_steps, round, is_Unitig, uId, rId, endRid, oLen, w, max_oLen, max_oLen_i, mode, nv;
    uint64_t tmp;
    long long init, step = 0;
    asg_t* nsg = NULL;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    asg_arc_t t, r_edge;
    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_edges;
    kv_init(new_edges);

    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp recover_edges;
    kv_init(recover_edges.a);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) rbub_edges;
    kv_init(rbub_edges);

    kvec_t_u64_warp u_vecs;
    kv_init(u_vecs.a);

    if(i_ug != NULL)
    {
        ug = i_ug;
    }
    else
    {
        ug = ma_ug_gen(r_g);
        for (v = 0; v < ug->g->n_seq; v++)
        {
            ug->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        }
    }
    nsg = ug->g;
    
    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        if(is_primary_check && nsg->seq[v].c==ALTER_LABLE) continue;

        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
        {
            rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, uId, 1, &(r_g->seq[rId].c));
        }
    }



    for (vId = 0; vId < nsg->n_seq; vId++)
    {
        rbub_edges.n = round = 0;
        for (dir = 0; dir < 2; dir++)
        {
            if(rbub_edges.n > 0)
            {
                cur_backward_steps = nsu->n - round - 1;
                if(cur_backward_steps > backward_steps)
                {
                    cur_backward_steps = backward_steps;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                cur_backward_steps = backward_steps;
            }
            
            

            v = vId; v = v<<1; v = v | dir;
            uId = v>>1;
            if(nsg->seq[uId].del) continue;
            if(is_primary_check && nsg->seq[uId].c == ALTER_LABLE) continue;

            nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
            if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
            if(nsu->circ || nsu->start == UINT32_MAX || nsu->end == UINT32_MAX) continue;
            if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
            ////if(get_real_length(nsg, v^1, NULL) == 0) continue;
            ///that means this unitig has been changed
            if(nsu->start!=((uint64_t)(nsu->a[0])>>32)) continue;
            if((nsu->end^1)!=((uint64_t)(nsu->a[nsu->n-1])>>32)) continue;
            
            if(v&1)
            {
                init = 0;
                step = 1;
                mode = 1;
                //endRid = nsu->start^1;
            }
            else
            {
                init = nsu->n - 1;
                step = -1;
                mode = 0;
                ///endRid = nsu->end^1;
            }


            rbub_edges.n = 0;
            for (round = 0; round < cur_backward_steps && init >= 0 && init < (long long)nsu->n; 
                                                                    init = init + step, round++)
            {
                endRid = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[init]))>>32;
                endRid = endRid^mode;

                k = 0;
                rbub_edges.n = 0;
                while(get_edge2existing_node_advance(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
                    max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, &uId, 1, &k, &r_edge, 1))
                {
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, rbub_edges, r_edge);
                }
                if(rbub_edges.n > 0) break;
            }

            if(rbub_edges.n > 0)
            {
                if(mode == 1) nsu->start = endRid^1;
                if(mode == 0) nsu->end = endRid^1;
                //save for revert
                tmp = mode; tmp = tmp <<31; tmp = tmp | (uint64_t)(init); tmp = tmp << 32; tmp = tmp | uId;
                kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, tmp);



                ///need to do transitive reduction
                ///note here is different to standard transitive reduction
                minor_transitive_reduction(ug, ruIndex, rbub_edges.a, rbub_edges.n);
                if(is_primary_check)
                {
                    max_oLen = 0; max_oLen_i = (uint32_t)-1;
                    for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
                    {
                        t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                        if(t.del) continue;
                        if(t.ol > max_oLen)
                        {
                            max_oLen = t.ol;
                            max_oLen_i = k;
                        }
                    }

                    if(max_oLen_i == (uint32_t)-1) continue;
                    t = rbub_edges.a[max_oLen_i];
                    w = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t.v);
                    if(w == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
                    if(get_real_length(nsg, w^1, NULL)!=0) continue;

                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                    oLen = t.ol;
                    asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, w, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);


                    get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                    (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                    kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                    oLen = t.ol;
                    asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, w^1, ug->u.a[w>>1].len, v^1, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);
                }
                else
                {
                    ///modify read graph
                    for (init = init - step; init >= 0 && init < (long long)nsu->n; init = init - step)
                    {
                        w = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[init]))>>32;
                        nv = asg_arc_n(r_g, w);
                        av = asg_arc_a(r_g, w);
                        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
                        {
                            if(av[k].del) continue;
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, recover_edges.a, av[k]);
                            if(asg_get_arc(r_g, av[k].v^1, av[k].ul>>32^1, &t)==0)
                            {
                                fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
                            } 
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, recover_edges.a, t);
                        }
                        

                        nv = asg_arc_n(r_g, w^1);
                        av = asg_arc_a(r_g, w^1);
                        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
                        {
                            if(av[k].del) continue;
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, recover_edges.a, av[k]);
                            if(asg_get_arc(r_g, av[k].v^1, av[k].ul>>32^1, &t)==0)
                            {
                                fprintf(stderr, "error\n");
                            } 
                            kv_push(asg_arc_t, recover_edges.a, t);
                        }

                        ///w = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[init]))>>32;
                        asg_seq_del(r_g, w>>1);
                    }


                    
                    for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
                    {
                        t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                        if(t.del) continue;
                        w = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t.v);
                        if(w == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
                        // get_R_to_U(ruIndex, t.v>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
                        // w = (uint32_t)-1;
                        // if(t.v == ug->u.a[uId].start) w = uId<<1;
                        // if(t.v == ug->u.a[uId].end) w = (uId<<1)^1;
                        kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                        oLen = t.ol;
                        asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, w, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);


                        get_edge_from_source(sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                        (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                        kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_edges, t);
                        oLen = t.ol;
                        asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, w^1, ug->u.a[w>>1].len, v^1, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);
                    }
                }

            }
        }
    }
    
    
    if(is_bubble_check)
    {
        asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
        for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
        {
            p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
            *p = new_edges.a[k];
        }

        if(new_edges.n != 0)
        {
            free(r_g->idx);
            r_g->idx = 0;
            r_g->is_srt = 0;
            asg_cleanup(r_g);
        }
        
        pre_clean(sources, coverage_cut, r_g, 0);

        lable_all_bubbles(r_g, b_mask_t);


        for (k = 0; k < new_edges.n; k++)
        {
            v = new_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
            w = new_edges.a[k].v;

            if(r_g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
            if(r_g->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
            ///if this edge is at a bubble
            if(r_g->seq_vis[v]!=0 && r_g->seq_vis[w^1]!=0) continue;

            asg_arc_del(r_g, v, w, 1);
            asg_arc_del(r_g, w^1, v^1, 1);
        }

        asg_cleanup(r_g);
        

        for (k = 0; k < recover_edges.a.n; k++)
        {
            recover_edges.a.a[k].del = 1;
        }

        for (k = 0; k < u_vecs.a.n; k++)
        {
            mode = (uint64_t)u_vecs.a.a[k]>>63;
            if(mode == 1) step = 1;
            if(mode == 0) step = -1;
            init = (uint64_t)((uint64_t)u_vecs.a.a[k]>>32)&((uint64_t)(0x7fffffff));
            uId = (uint32_t)u_vecs.a.a[k];
            nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);

            endRid = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[init]))>>32;
            endRid = endRid^mode;
            /********************for debug**********************/
            // fprintf(stderr, "n: %u, k: %u, mode: %u, init: %lld, step: %lld, uId: %u, endRid: %u\n", 
            // (uint32_t)u_vecs.a.n, k, mode, init, step, uId, endRid);
            // fprintf(stderr, "nsu->start: %u, nsu->end: %u\n", 
            // nsu->start, nsu->end);
            // if(mode == 1 && nsu->start != (endRid^1)) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
            // if(mode == 0 && nsu->end != (endRid^1)) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR\n");
            // update_unitig(step, init, nsu, r_g, &recover_edges, 0);
            /********************for debug**********************/
            if(get_real_length(r_g, endRid, NULL) > 0)
            {
                update_unitig(step, init, nsu, r_g, &recover_edges, 1);
                // fprintf(stderr, "endRid: %u, %.*s, uId: %u\n", 
                // endRid>>1, (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH((R_INF), v>>1), Get_NAME((R_INF), v>>1), uId);
            }
            else
            {
                update_unitig(step, init, nsu, r_g, &recover_edges, 0);
            }
        }

        uint64_t recov_occ = 0;
        for (k = 0; k < recover_edges.a.n; k++)
        {
            if(recover_edges.a.a[k].del) continue;
            p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
            *p = recover_edges.a.a[k];
            recov_occ++;
        }

        if(recov_occ != 0)
        {
            free(r_g->idx);
            r_g->idx = 0;
            r_g->is_srt = 0;
        }

        asg_cleanup(r_g);
    }

    if(is_primary_check)
    {
        for (k = 0; k < u_vecs.a.n; k++)
        {
            mode = (uint64_t)u_vecs.a.a[k]>>63;
            if(mode == 1) step = 1;
            if(mode == 0) step = -1;
            init = (uint64_t)((uint64_t)u_vecs.a.a[k]>>32)&((uint64_t)(0x7fffffff));
            uId = (uint32_t)u_vecs.a.a[k];
            nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);

            endRid = ((uint64_t)(nsu->a[init]))>>32;
            endRid = endRid^mode;

            update_unitig(step, init, nsu, r_g, &recover_edges, 1);
        }
    }


    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }

    if(i_ug == NULL) ma_ug_destroy(ug);

    kv_destroy(new_edges);
    kv_destroy(recover_edges.a);
    kv_destroy(rbub_edges);
    kv_destroy(u_vecs.a);
}




void rescue_wrong_overlaps_to_unitigs(ma_ug_t *i_ug, asg_t *r_g,  ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, long long bubble_dist,
kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* keep_edges, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    uint32_t n_vtx, v, k, is_Unitig, uId, rId, endRid, oLen, w;
    asg_t* nsg = NULL;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    asg_arc_t t, r_edge;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    int32_t r;

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_utg_edges;
    kv_init(new_utg_edges);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) rbub_edges;
    kv_init(rbub_edges);

    if(i_ug != NULL)
    {
        ug = i_ug;
    }
    else
    {
        ug = ma_ug_gen(r_g);
        for (v = 0; v < ug->g->n_seq; v++)
        {
            ug->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        }
    }

    nsg = ug->g;

    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;

        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
        {
            rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, uId, 1, &(r_g->seq[rId].c));
        }
    }

    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq * 2;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        uId = v>>1;
        if(nsg->seq[uId].del) continue;

        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsu->circ || nsu->start == UINT32_MAX || nsu->end == UINT32_MAX) continue;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
        


        if(v&1)
        {
            endRid = nsu->start^1;
        }
        else
        {
            endRid = nsu->end^1;
        }



        /****************************may have bugs********************************/
        x = &(sources[(endRid>>1)]);
        for (k = 0; k < x->length; k++)
        {
            ///h is the edge of endRid
            h = &(x->buffer[k]);
            sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
            st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
            ///sq, st, and h cannot be deleted
            if(sq->del || st->del || h->del) continue;
            r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                            asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
            if(r < 0) continue;
            if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) continue;
            break;
        }
        ///means there is >0 edges
        if(k != x->length) continue;
        /****************************may have bugs********************************/




        k = 0;
        rbub_edges.n = 0;
        ///note here use reverse_sources instead of sources
        while(get_edge2existing_node_advance(ug, r_g, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
                max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, &uId, 1, &k, &r_edge, 1))
        {
            kv_push(asg_arc_t, rbub_edges, r_edge);
        }


        
        if(rbub_edges.n > 0)
        {
            ///need to do transitive reduction
            ///note here is different to standard transitive reduction
            minor_transitive_reduction(ug, ruIndex, rbub_edges.a, rbub_edges.n);

            for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
            {
                t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                if(t.del) continue;
                w = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t.v);
                if(w == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
                ///if(uId == 2474) fprintf(stderr, "###uId: %u, v: %u, r_edge.v>>1: %u\n", uId, v, r_edge.v>>1);
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_rtg_edges, t);
                oLen = t.ol;
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, w, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);
                

                get_edge_from_source(reverse_sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_rtg_edges, t);
                ///if edge does not exist in reverse, oLen won't change, it is what we want
                oLen = t.ol;
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, w^1, ug->u.a[w>>1].len, v^1, oLen, t.strong, t.el, t.no_l_indel);

                t.ul = v; t.ul = t.ul<<32; t.v = w;
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_utg_edges, t);


                t.ul = w^1; t.ul = t.ul<<32; t.v = v^1;
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_utg_edges, t);
            }
        }
        
    }


    nsg->seq_vis = (uint8_t*)calloc(nsg->n_seq*2, sizeof(uint8_t));    
    lable_all_bubbles(nsg, b_mask_t);

    /*********************************for debug**************************************/
    // uint32_t v_uId, w_uId;
    // if(new_utg_edges.n != new_rtg_edges.n) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 1\n");
    // for (k = 0; k < new_utg_edges.n; k++)
    // {
    //     v = new_rtg_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
    //     v_uId = (get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, v^1)^1);
    //     w = new_rtg_edges.a[k].v;
    //     w_uId = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, w);

    //     v = new_utg_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
    //     w = new_utg_edges.a[k].v;

    //     if(v!=v_uId || w!= w_uId)
    //     {
    //         fprintf(stderr, "\n(%u) ERROR 2\n", k);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "v>>1: %u, v&1: %u, ug->u.a[v>>1].n: %u\n", 
    //                                                     v>>1, v&1, ug->u.a[v>>1].n);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "ug->u.a[v>>1].start>>1: %u, ug->u.a[v>>1].start&1: %u\n", 
    //                                         ug->u.a[v>>1].start>>1, ug->u.a[v>>1].start&1);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "ug->u.a[v>>1].end>>1: %u, ug->u.a[v>>1].end&1: %u\n", 
    //                                         ug->u.a[v>>1].end>>1, ug->u.a[v>>1].end&1);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "w>>1: %u, w&1: %u, ug->u.a[w>>1].n: %u\n", 
    //                                                     w>>1, w&1, ug->u.a[w>>1].n);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "ug->u.a[w>>1].start>>1: %u, ug->u.a[w>>1].start&1: %u\n", 
    //                                         ug->u.a[w>>1].start>>1, ug->u.a[w>>1].start&1);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "ug->u.a[w>>1].end>>1: %u, ug->u.a[w>>1].end&1: %u\n", 
    //                                         ug->u.a[w>>1].end>>1, ug->u.a[w>>1].end&1);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "v_uId>>1: %u, v_uId&1: %u\n", v_uId>>1, v_uId&1);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "w_uId>>1: %u, w_uId&1: %u\n", w_uId>>1, w_uId&1);
    //         v = new_rtg_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
    //         w = new_rtg_edges.a[k].v;
    //         get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "v(read)>>1: %u, v(read)&1: %u, uId: %u, is_Unitig: %u\n", 
    //                                     v>>1, v&1, uId, is_Unitig);
    //         get_R_to_U(ruIndex, w>>1, &uId, &is_Unitig);
    //         fprintf(stderr, "w(read)>>1: %u, w(read)&1: %u, uId: %u, is_Unitig: %u\n", 
    //                                     w>>1, w&1, uId, is_Unitig);

            
    //     }
    // }
    /*********************************for debug**************************************/

    for (k = 0; k < new_utg_edges.n; k++)
    {
        v = new_utg_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
        w = new_utg_edges.a[k].v;

        if(nsg->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
        ///if this edge is at a bubble
        if(nsg->seq_vis[v]!=0 && nsg->seq_vis[w^1]!=0)
        {
            ///fprintf(stderr, "v>>1: %u, w>>1: %u\n", v>>1, w>>1);
            continue;
        } 

        asg_arc_del(nsg, v, w, 1);
        asg_arc_del(nsg, w^1, v^1, 1);
        new_rtg_edges.a[k].del = 1;
    }
    asg_cleanup(nsg);
    free(nsg->seq_vis); nsg->seq_vis = NULL;

    /*********************************for debug**************************************/
    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    uint32_t e_occ = 0;
    for (k = 0; k < new_rtg_edges.n; k++)
    {
        if(new_rtg_edges.a[k].del) continue;
        p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
        *p = new_rtg_edges.a[k];
        e_occ++;
        if(keep_edges) kv_push(asg_arc_t, keep_edges->a, new_rtg_edges.a[k]);
    }

    if(e_occ != 0)
    {
        free(r_g->idx);
        r_g->idx = 0;
        r_g->is_srt = 0;
        asg_cleanup(r_g);
    }
    /*********************************for debug**************************************/

    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }

    if(i_ug == NULL) ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_utg_edges);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges);
    kv_destroy(rbub_edges);
}




///find contained read with longest overlap
ma_hit_t* get_best_no_coverage_read(ma_ug_t *ug, asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t query,
uint32_t init_contain_uId)
{
    uint32_t qn = query>>1;
    int32_t r;
    asg_arc_t t;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL, *return_h = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(reverse_sources[qn]);
    uint32_t i, is_Unitig, contain_uId;
    uint32_t maxOlen = 0;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;


    //scan all edges of qn
    for (i = 0; i < x->length; i++)
    {
        h = &(x->buffer[i]);
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);

        ///all of them cannot be removed
        if(sq->del || st->del || h->del) continue;
        if(r_g->seq[Get_qn(*h)].del || r_g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) continue;

        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) continue;
        ///contain_uId must be a unitig

        if(init_contain_uId != contain_uId) continue;

        r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
        
        ///if it is a contained read, skip
        if(r < 0) continue;

        if((t.ul>>32) != query) continue;

        if(t.ol > maxOlen)
        {
            maxOlen = t.ol;
            return_h = h;
        }
    }

    return return_h;
}





int get_no_coverage_reads_chain_simple(ma_hit_t *h, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex, ma_ug_t *ug, 
asg_t *r_g, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t endRid, uint32_t uId, 
kvec_t_u32_warp* chain_buffer, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* chain_edges, uint32_t* return_ava_cur, 
uint32_t* return_ava_ol, uint32_t* return_chainLen, uint32_t thresLen)
{
    (*return_chainLen) = (*return_ava_cur) = (*return_ava_ol) = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t init_contain_uId = (uint32_t)-1, contain_uId, is_Unitig;
    uint32_t chainLen = 0, ava_cur, test_oLen;
    int ql, tl;
    int32_t r;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    asg_arc_t t;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    chain_buffer->a.n = 0;
    kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, uId);
    if(chain_edges) chain_edges->a.n = 0;

    if(!h) return 0;
    sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
    st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
    ///sq and st cannot be deleted
    ///for h, deleted or not does not matter
    if(sq->del || st->del) return 0;
    if(r_g->seq[Get_qn(*h)].del || r_g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) return 0;
    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
    if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) return 0;
    if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) return 0;
    ql = sq->e - sq->s; tl = st->e - st->s;
    r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
    if(r < 0) return 0;
    if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) return 0;
    if(chain_edges) kv_push(asg_arc_t, chain_edges->a, t);
    chainLen++;
    kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, contain_uId);
    ava_cur = get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance(ug, r_g, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, 
            ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, t.v, &test_oLen, chain_buffer->a.a, chain_buffer->a.n, 1);
    //means find an aim
    if(ava_cur > 0)
    {
        (*return_ava_cur) = ava_cur;
        (*return_ava_ol) = test_oLen;
        (*return_chainLen) = chainLen;
        h = NULL;
        return 1;
    }
    else
    {
        return 0;
    }
    

    ///continue
    ///need to update h, endRid, chainLen, chain_buffer and chain_edges
    while (h)
    {
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);

        ///sq, st, and h cannot be deleted
        if(sq->del || st->del || h->del) break;
        if(r_g->seq[Get_qn(*h)].del || r_g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) break;

        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) break;
        if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) break;
        ///contain_uId must be a unitig

        if(init_contain_uId != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            init_contain_uId = contain_uId;
        }
        else
        {
            if(init_contain_uId != contain_uId) break;
        }
         

        ql = sq->e - sq->s; tl = st->e - st->s;
        r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);

        ///if st is contained in sq, or vice verse, skip
        if(r < 0) break;

        ///if sq and v are not in the same direction, skip
        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) break;

        if(chain_edges) kv_push(asg_arc_t, chain_edges->a, t);
        chainLen++;
        kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, contain_uId);
        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        ///find edges from t.v to existing unitigs
        ava_cur = get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance(ug, r_g, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, 
            ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, t.v, &test_oLen, chain_buffer->a.a, chain_buffer->a.n, 1);
        //means find an aim
        if(ava_cur > 0)
        {
            /**
            //do nothing if the chainLen == 1
            if(chainLen > 1)
            {
                asg_arc_t t_max;
                ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[(endRid>>1)]);
                uint32_t ava_ol_max = 0, ava_max = 0, k;
                for (k = 0; k < x->length; k++)
                {
                    h = &(x->buffer[k]);
                    sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
                    st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
                    trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[Get_qn(*h)];

                    ///don't want to edges between different haps
                    non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
                    if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
                    if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
                    if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;
                    
                    ///just need deleted edges
                    ///sq might be deleted or not
                    if(!st->del) continue;
                    if(!h->del) continue;

                    ///tn must be contained in another existing read
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_rId, &is_Unitig);
                    if(contain_rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1) continue;
                    if(r_g->seq[contain_rId].del) continue;

                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, contain_rId, &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
                    if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) continue;
                    if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) continue;
                    ///contain_uId must be a unitig

                    ql = sq->e - sq->s; tl = st->e - st->s;
                    r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);

                    ///if st is contained in sq, or vice verse, skip
                    if(r < 0) continue;

                    ///if sq and v are not in the same direction, skip
                    if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) continue;

                    ///pop the last contain_uId
                    chain_buffer->a.n--;
                    kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, contain_uId);

                    ///note: t.v is a contained read
                    ///we need to find existing reads linked with w
                    ava_cur = get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
                    max_hang, min_ovlp, t.v, &test_oLen, chain_buffer->a.a, chain_buffer->a.n, 1);

                    if((ava_cur > ava_max) || (ava_cur == ava_max && test_oLen > ava_ol_max))
                    {
                        ava_max = ava_cur;
                        ava_ol_max = test_oLen;
                        t_max = t;
                    }
                }

                if(ava_max > 0)
                {
                    ava_cur = ava_max;
                    test_oLen = ava_ol_max;
                    if(chain_edges)
                    {
                        //pop the last edge
                        chain_edges->a.n--;
                        kv_push(asg_arc_t, chain_edges->a, t_max);
                    } 
                }
                else
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            **/

            (*return_ava_cur) = ava_cur;
            (*return_ava_ol) = test_oLen;
            (*return_chainLen) = chainLen;
            h = NULL;
            return 1;
        }

        if(chainLen >= thresLen) break;

        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        ///haven't found a existing unitig from t.v
        ///check if t.v can link to a new contained read
        endRid = t.v; 
        h = get_best_no_coverage_read(ug, r_g, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
            max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, init_contain_uId);
    }

    return 0;    
}


int get_no_coverage_reads_chain(ma_hit_t *h, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex, ma_ug_t *ug, 
asg_t *r_g, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, uint32_t endRid, uint32_t uId, 
kvec_t_u32_warp* chain_buffer, kvec_asg_arc_t_warp* chain_edges, uint32_t* return_ava_cur, 
uint32_t* return_ava_ol, uint32_t* return_chainLen, uint32_t thresLen)
{
    (*return_chainLen) = (*return_ava_cur) = (*return_ava_ol) = (uint32_t)-1;
    uint32_t init_contain_uId = (uint32_t)-1, contain_uId, is_Unitig;
    uint32_t chainLen = 0, ava_cur, test_oLen;
    int ql, tl;
    int32_t r;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    asg_arc_t t;
    asg_t* nsg = ug->g;
    chain_buffer->a.n = 0;
    kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, uId);
    if(chain_edges) chain_edges->a.n = 0;

    if(!h) return 0;

    while(h)
    {
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
        ///sq and st cannot be deleted
        ///for h, deleted or not does not matter
        if(sq->del || st->del) return 0;
        if(r_g->seq[Get_qn(*h)].del || r_g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) return 0;
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) return 0;
        if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) return 0;
        ql = sq->e - sq->s; tl = st->e - st->s;
        r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
        if(r < 0) return 0;
        if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) return 0;
        if(chain_edges) kv_push(asg_arc_t, chain_edges->a, t);
        chainLen++;
        kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, contain_uId);
        ava_cur = get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance(ug, r_g, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, 
                ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, t.v, &test_oLen, chain_buffer->a.a, chain_buffer->a.n, 1);
        //means find an aim
        if(ava_cur > 0)
        {
            (*return_ava_cur) = ava_cur;
            (*return_ava_ol) = test_oLen;
            (*return_chainLen) = chainLen;
            h = NULL;
            return 1;
        }
        

        if(chainLen >= thresLen) break;

        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        ///haven't found a existing unitig from t.v
        ///check if t.v can link to a new contained read
        endRid = t.v; 
        h = get_best_no_coverage_read(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
            max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, init_contain_uId);
    }
    
    

    ///continue
    ///need to update h, endRid, chainLen, chain_buffer and chain_edges
    while (h)
    {
        sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
        st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);

        ///sq, st, and h cannot be deleted
        if(sq->del || st->del || h->del) break;
        if(r_g->seq[Get_qn(*h)].del || r_g->seq[Get_tn(*h)].del) break;

        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) break;
        if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) break;
        ///contain_uId must be a unitig

        if(init_contain_uId != (uint32_t)-1)
        {
            init_contain_uId = contain_uId;
        }
        else
        {
            if(init_contain_uId != contain_uId) break;
        }
         

        ql = sq->e - sq->s; tl = st->e - st->s;
        r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);

        ///if st is contained in sq, or vice verse, skip
        if(r < 0) break;

        ///if sq and v are not in the same direction, skip
        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) break;

        if(chain_edges) kv_push(asg_arc_t, chain_edges->a, t);
        chainLen++;
        kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, contain_uId);
        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        ///find edges from t.v to existing unitigs
        ava_cur = get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance(ug, r_g, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, 
            ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, t.v, &test_oLen, chain_buffer->a.a, chain_buffer->a.n, 1);
        //means find an aim
        if(ava_cur > 0)
        {
            /**
            //do nothing if the chainLen == 1
            if(chainLen > 1)
            {
                asg_arc_t t_max;
                ma_hit_t_alloc* x = &(sources[(endRid>>1)]);
                uint32_t ava_ol_max = 0, ava_max = 0, k;
                for (k = 0; k < x->length; k++)
                {
                    h = &(x->buffer[k]);
                    sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
                    st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
                    trio_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[Get_qn(*h)];

                    ///don't want to edges between different haps
                    non_trio_flag = (uint32_t)-1;
                    if(trio_flag == FATHER) non_trio_flag = MOTHER;
                    if(trio_flag == MOTHER) non_trio_flag = FATHER;
                    if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(*h)] == non_trio_flag) continue;
                    
                    ///just need deleted edges
                    ///sq might be deleted or not
                    if(!st->del) continue;
                    if(!h->del) continue;

                    ///tn must be contained in another existing read
                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, Get_tn(*h), &contain_rId, &is_Unitig);
                    if(contain_rId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig == 1) continue;
                    if(r_g->seq[contain_rId].del) continue;

                    get_R_to_U(ruIndex, contain_rId, &contain_uId, &is_Unitig);
                    if(contain_uId == (uint32_t)-1 || is_Unitig != 1) continue;
                    if(nsg->seq[contain_uId].del) continue;
                    ///contain_uId must be a unitig

                    ql = sq->e - sq->s; tl = st->e - st->s;
                    r = ma_hit2arc(h, ql, tl, max_hang, asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);

                    ///if st is contained in sq, or vice verse, skip
                    if(r < 0) continue;

                    ///if sq and v are not in the same direction, skip
                    if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) continue;

                    ///pop the last contain_uId
                    chain_buffer->a.n--;
                    kv_push(uint32_t, chain_buffer->a, contain_uId);

                    ///note: t.v is a contained read
                    ///we need to find existing reads linked with w
                    ava_cur = get_num_edges2existing_nodes_advance(ug, r_g, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
                    max_hang, min_ovlp, t.v, &test_oLen, chain_buffer->a.a, chain_buffer->a.n, 1);

                    if((ava_cur > ava_max) || (ava_cur == ava_max && test_oLen > ava_ol_max))
                    {
                        ava_max = ava_cur;
                        ava_ol_max = test_oLen;
                        t_max = t;
                    }
                }

                if(ava_max > 0)
                {
                    ava_cur = ava_max;
                    test_oLen = ava_ol_max;
                    if(chain_edges)
                    {
                        //pop the last edge
                        chain_edges->a.n--;
                        kv_push(asg_arc_t, chain_edges->a, t_max);
                    } 
                }
                else
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            **/

            (*return_ava_cur) = ava_cur;
            (*return_ava_ol) = test_oLen;
            (*return_chainLen) = chainLen;
            h = NULL;
            return 1;
        }

        if(chainLen >= thresLen) break;

        ///endRid is (t.ul>>32), and t.v is a contained read
        ///haven't found a existing unitig from t.v
        ///check if t.v can link to a new contained read
        endRid = t.v; 
        h = get_best_no_coverage_read(ug, r_g, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
            max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, init_contain_uId);
    }

    return 0;    
}


uint32_t check_if_no_coverage(asg_t *r_g, asg_arc_t* list, uint32_t list_n)
{
    if(list_n < 2) return 0;
    uint32_t i, v, w, u_n = list_n - 1, nv, l, k;
    long long totalLen = 0;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < u_n - 1; i++)
    {
        v = list[i].v;
        w = list[i+1].v; 
        av = asg_arc_a(r_g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(r_g, v);
        l = 0;
        
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(av[k].v == w) 
            {
                l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                break;
            }
        }

        if(k == nv) fprintf(stderr, "####ERROR\n");
        totalLen += l;
    }

    if(i < u_n)
    {
        v = list[i].v;
        l = r_g->seq[v>>1].len;
        totalLen += l;
    }

    if(totalLen > list[0].ol + list[list_n - 1].ol) return 1;

    return 0;
}

uint32_t create_fake_read(asg_t *r_g, asg_arc_t* list, uint32_t list_n)
{
    if(list_n < 2) return 0;
    ma_utg_t* u = NULL;
    uint32_t v, w, l, i, k, nv, totalLen = 0;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    u = asg_F_seq_set(r_g, r_g->n_seq);
    if(u == NULL) return 0;
    u->n = u->m = list_n - 1;
    if(u->a) free(u->a);
    u->a = (uint64_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint64_t)*u->n);

    /*****************for debug**********************/
    // fprintf(stderr, "list_n: %u\n", list_n);
    // for (i = 0; i < list_n; i++)
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "(%u) v: %u, dir: %u, w: %u, w&1: %u, len: %u, ol: %u\n", 
    //             i, (uint32_t)(list[i].ul>>33), (uint32_t)((list[i].ul>>32)&1), 
    //             list[i].v>>1, list[i].v&1, (uint32_t)list[i].ul, list[i].ol);
    // }
    /*****************for debug**********************/


    for (i = 0; i < u->n; i++)
    {
        u->a[i] = list[i].v;
        u->a[i] = u->a[i] << 32;
    }

    /*****************for debug**********************/
    // fprintf(stderr, "u->n: %u\n", u->n);
    // for (i = 0; i < u->n; i++)
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "(%u) v: %u, dir: %u\n", 
    //                 i, (uint32_t)(u->a[i]>>33), (uint32_t)((u->a[i]>>32)&1));
    // }
    /*****************for debug**********************/
    
    
    for (i = 0; i < u->n - 1; i++)
    {
        v = (uint64_t)(u->a[i])>>32;
        w = (uint64_t)(u->a[i + 1])>>32; 
        av = asg_arc_a(r_g, v);
        nv = asg_arc_n(r_g, v);
        l = 0;
        
        for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
        {
            if(av[k].del) continue;
            if(av[k].v == w) 
            {
                l = asg_arc_len(av[k]);
                break;
            }
        }

        if(k == nv) fprintf(stderr, "####ERROR\n");
        u->a[i] = v; u->a[i] = u->a[i]<<32; u->a[i] = u->a[i] | (uint64_t)(l);
        totalLen += l;
    }

    if(i < u->n)
    {
        v = (uint64_t)(u->a[i])>>32;
        l = r_g->seq[v>>1].len;
        u->a[i] = v;
        u->a[i] = u->a[i]<<32;
        u->a[i] = u->a[i] | (uint64_t)(l);
        totalLen += l;
    }

    /*****************for debug**********************/
    // fprintf(stderr, "u->n: %u\n", u->n);
    // for (i = 0; i < u->n; i++)
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "(%u) v: %u, dir: %u, len: %u\n", 
    //                 i, (uint32_t)(u->a[i]>>33), (uint32_t)((u->a[i]>>32)&1), (uint32_t)(u->a[i]));
    // }
    /*****************for debug**********************/

    

    u->len = totalLen;
    u->circ = 0;
    u->start = list[0].ol;
    u->end = u->len - list[list_n - 1].ol;
    totalLen = u->len - list[0].ol - list[list_n - 1].ol;
    ///u->len = totalLen;

    /*****************for debug**********************/
    // fprintf(stderr, "u->len: %u, u->start: %u, u->end: %u\n", u->len, u->start, u->end);
    // fprintf(stderr, "totalLen: %u, list[0].ol: %u, list[list_n - 1].ol: %u\n", 
    // totalLen, list[0].ol, list[list_n - 1].ol);
    /*****************for debug**********************/

    /*****************for debug**********************/
    /**
    (*coverage_cut) = (ma_sub_t*)realloc((*coverage_cut), (r_g->n_seq+1)*sizeof(ma_sub_t));
    (*coverage_cut)[r_g->n_seq].del = 0;
    (*coverage_cut)[r_g->n_seq].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
    (*coverage_cut)[r_g->n_seq].s = 0;
    (*coverage_cut)[r_g->n_seq].e = totalLen;
    **/
    asg_seq_set(r_g, r_g->n_seq, totalLen, 0);
    /*****************for debug**********************/
    return 1;     
}


inline void generate_edge(asg_t *r_g, uint32_t v, uint32_t w, uint32_t ol, uint32_t del,
uint32_t strong, uint32_t el, uint32_t no_l_indel, asg_arc_t* t)
{
    uint64_t l = r_g->seq[v>>1].len - ol;
    t->ul = v; t->ul = t->ul << 32; t->ul = t->ul|l;
    t->v = w;
    t->ol = ol;
    t->del = del;
    t->strong = strong;
    t->el = el;
    t->no_l_indel = no_l_indel;
}
///chainLenThres is used to avoid circle
void rescue_no_coverage_aggressive(asg_t *r_g, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources_count, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_source, ma_sub_t **coverage_cut, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp, 
long long bubble_dist, uint32_t chainLenThres, bub_label_t* b_mask_t)
{
    uint32_t n_vtx, v, k, kv, is_Unitig, uId, rId, endRid, w;
    uint32_t ava_max, ava_ol_max, ava_min_chain, ava_cur, ava_chainLen, test_oLen, is_update;
    uint64_t interval_beg, intervalLen;
    asg_t* nsg = NULL;
    ma_utg_t* nsu = NULL;
    asg_arc_t t, t_max, r_edge;
    t_max.v = t_max.ul = t.v = t.ul = (uint32_t)-1;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL, *h_max = NULL;
    ma_hit_t_alloc* x = NULL;
    ma_ug_t* ug = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    int32_t r;
    
    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_utg_edges;
    kv_init(new_utg_edges);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) new_rtg_edges;
    kv_init(new_rtg_edges);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) hap_edges;
    kv_init(hap_edges);

    kvec_t(asg_arc_t) rbub_edges;
    kv_init(rbub_edges);

    kvec_t_u64_warp u_vecs;
    kv_init(u_vecs.a);

    kvec_t_u64_warp intervals;
    kv_init(intervals.a);

    kvec_t_u32_warp chain_buffer;
    kv_init(chain_buffer.a);

    kvec_asg_arc_t_warp chain_edges;
    kv_init(chain_edges.a);


    ug = ma_ug_gen(r_g);
    nsg = ug->g;
    
    for (v = 0; v < nsg->n_seq; v++)
    {
        uId = v;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[v].del) continue;
        nsg->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        for (k = 0; k < nsu->n; k++)
        {
            rId = nsu->a[k]>>33;
            set_R_to_U(ruIndex, rId, uId, 1, &(r_g->seq[rId].c));
        }
    }




    n_vtx = nsg->n_seq * 2;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vtx; v++)
    {
        uId = v>>1;
        if(nsg->seq[uId].del) continue;
        nsu = &(ug->u.a[uId]);
        if(nsu->m == 0) continue;
        if(nsu->circ || nsu->start == UINT32_MAX || nsu->end == UINT32_MAX) continue;
        if(get_real_length(nsg, v, NULL) != 0) continue;
        ///we probably don't need this line
        ///if(get_real_length(nsg, v^1, NULL) == 0) continue;
        if(v&1)
        {
            endRid = nsu->start^1;
        }
        else
        {
            endRid = nsu->end^1;
        }


        x = &(sources_count[(endRid>>1)]);
        for (k = 0; k < x->length; k++)
        {
            ///h is the edge of endRid
            h = &(x->buffer[k]);
            sq = &((*coverage_cut)[Get_qn(*h)]);
            st = &((*coverage_cut)[Get_tn(*h)]);
            ///sq, st, and h cannot be deleted
            if(sq->del || st->del || h->del) continue;
            r = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                            asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t);
            if(r < 0) continue;
            if((t.ul>>32) != endRid) continue;
            break;
        }
        ///means there is >0 edges
        if(k != x->length) continue;

        ///x is the end read of a tip
        ///find all overlap of x
        x = &(reverse_source[(endRid>>1)]);
        ava_ol_max = ava_max = 0; ava_min_chain = (uint32_t)-1;
        h_max = NULL;
        for (k = 0; k < x->length; k++)
        {
            h = &(x->buffer[k]);
            ///means we found a contained read
            if(get_no_coverage_reads_chain_simple(h, sources_count, reverse_source, *coverage_cut, 
            ruIndex, ug, r_g, max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, uId, &chain_buffer, NULL, &ava_cur, 
            &test_oLen, &ava_chainLen, chainLenThres))
            {
                
                is_update = 0;
                if(ava_chainLen < ava_min_chain)
                {
                    is_update = 1;
                }
                else if(ava_chainLen == ava_min_chain)
                {
                    if(ava_cur > ava_max)
                    {
                        is_update = 1;
                    }
                    else if(ava_cur == ava_max && test_oLen > ava_ol_max)
                    {
                        is_update = 1;
                    }
                }
                if(is_update)
                {
                    ava_min_chain = ava_chainLen;
                    ava_max = ava_cur;
                    ava_ol_max = test_oLen;
                    h_max = h;
                }
            }
        }





        if(ava_max > 0)
        {

            //get all edges between contained reads
            get_no_coverage_reads_chain_simple(h_max, sources_count, reverse_source, 
            *coverage_cut, ruIndex, ug, r_g, max_hang, min_ovlp, endRid, uId, &chain_buffer, 
            &chain_edges, &ava_cur, &test_oLen, &ava_chainLen, chainLenThres);
            if(chain_edges.a.n < 1) continue;
            ///the last cantained read
            t_max = chain_edges.a.a[chain_edges.a.n-1];

            k = 0; rbub_edges.n = 0;
            ///edges from the last contained read to other unitigs
            while(get_edge2existing_node_advance(ug, r_g, reverse_source, *coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
                    max_hang, min_ovlp, t_max.v, chain_buffer.a.a, chain_buffer.a.n, &k, &r_edge, 1))
            {
               kv_push(asg_arc_t, rbub_edges, r_edge);
            }

            ///need to do transitive reduction
            ///note here is different to standard transitive reduction
            minor_transitive_reduction(ug, ruIndex, rbub_edges.a, rbub_edges.n);

            for (k = 0, kv = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
            {
                t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                if(t.del) continue;
                kv++;
            }

            if(kv != 1) continue;

            interval_beg = hap_edges.n;
            
            //just saves all nodes here
            ///note that only the first edge is generated from reverse_source, 
            ///others are generated from source
            for (k = 0; k < chain_edges.a.n; k++)
            {
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, hap_edges, chain_edges.a.a[k]);
            }

            for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
            {
                t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                if(t.del) continue;
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, hap_edges, t);
            }


            if(check_if_no_coverage(r_g, hap_edges.a+interval_beg, hap_edges.n - interval_beg) == 0)
            {
                hap_edges.n = interval_beg;
                continue;
            }

            ///there is just one edge
            ///connect multiple edges is too difficult
            for (k = 0; k < rbub_edges.n; k++)
            {
                t = rbub_edges.a[k];
                if(t.del) continue;

                w = get_corresponding_uId(ug, ruIndex, t.v);
                if(w == ((uint32_t)(-1))) continue;
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_rtg_edges, t);

                get_edge_from_source(reverse_source, *coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang, min_ovlp, 
                (t.v^1), ((t.ul>>32)^1), &t);
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_rtg_edges, t);


                ///for unitig graph
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, v, ug->u.a[v>>1].len, w, 0, 0, 0, 0);
                asg_append_edges_to_srt(nsg, w^1, ug->u.a[w>>1].len, v^1, 0, 0, 0, 0);

                t.ul = v; t.ul = t.ul<<32; t.v = w;
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_utg_edges, t);

                t.ul = w^1; t.ul = t.ul<<32; t.v = v^1;
                kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_utg_edges, t);

            }

            kv_push(uint64_t, u_vecs.a, v);

            intervalLen = hap_edges.n - interval_beg;
            interval_beg = interval_beg << 32;
            interval_beg = interval_beg | intervalLen;
            kv_push(uint64_t, intervals.a, interval_beg);
        }
    }

    nsg->seq_vis = (uint8_t*)calloc(nsg->n_seq*2, sizeof(uint8_t));    
    lable_all_bubbles(nsg, b_mask_t);


    for (k = 0; k < new_utg_edges.n; k++)
    {
        v = new_utg_edges.a[k].ul>>32;
        w = new_utg_edges.a[k].v;

        if(nsg->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
        if(nsg->seq[w>>1].del) continue;
        ///if this edge is at a bubble
        if(nsg->seq_vis[v]!=0 && nsg->seq_vis[w^1]!=0)
        {
            continue;
        } 

        asg_arc_del(nsg, v, w, 1);
        asg_arc_del(nsg, w^1, v^1, 1);
        new_rtg_edges.a[k].del = 1;
    }
    free(nsg->seq_vis); nsg->seq_vis = NULL;


    new_utg_edges.n = 0;
    asg_arc_t* list = NULL;
    uint32_t nextNode, curNode, pre_num_nodes = r_g->n_seq;
    ///u_vecs saves the unitig Id
    for (k = 0; k < u_vecs.a.n; k++)
    {
        w = (uint32_t)u_vecs.a.a[k];
        ///do nothing
        if(get_real_length(r_g, w, NULL) == 0) continue;

        interval_beg = intervals.a.a[k]>>32;
        intervalLen = intervals.a.a[k] & ((uint64_t)0xffffffff);
        list = hap_edges.a + interval_beg;
        if(intervalLen < 2) continue;///fprintf(stderr, "No enough edges\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "\n(%u) w>>1: %u, w&1: %u\n", k, w>>1, w&1);
        ///continue;


        if(create_fake_read(r_g, list, intervalLen) == 0) continue;


        curNode = list[0].ul>>32;
        nextNode = (r_g->n_seq - 1)<<1;
        /*****************for debug**********************/
        generate_edge(r_g, curNode, nextNode, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &t);
        kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_utg_edges, t);

        generate_edge(r_g, nextNode^1, curNode^1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &t);
        kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_utg_edges, t);
        /*****************for debug**********************/
        // fprintf(stderr, "curNode>>1: %u, curNode&1: %u, nextNode>>1: %u, nextNode&1: %u\n", 
        // curNode>>1, curNode&1, nextNode>>1, nextNode&1);


        curNode = (r_g->n_seq - 1)<<1;
        nextNode = list[intervalLen - 1].v;
        /*****************for debug**********************/
        generate_edge(r_g, curNode, nextNode, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &t);
        kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_utg_edges, t);

        generate_edge(r_g, nextNode^1, curNode^1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &t);
        kv_push(asg_arc_t, new_utg_edges, t);
        /*****************for debug**********************/
        // fprintf(stderr, "curNode>>1: %u, curNode&1: %u, nextNode>>1: %u, nextNode&1: %u\n", 
        // curNode>>1, curNode&1, nextNode>>1, nextNode&1);
    }

    


    asg_arc_t* p = NULL;
    for (k = 0; k < new_utg_edges.n; k++)
    {
        p = asg_arc_pushp(r_g);
        *p = new_utg_edges.a[k];
    }

    
    free(r_g->idx);
    r_g->idx = 0;
    r_g->is_srt = 0;
    asg_cleanup(r_g);

    if(r_g->n_seq > pre_num_nodes)
    {
        (*coverage_cut) = (ma_sub_t*)realloc((*coverage_cut), r_g->n_seq*sizeof(ma_sub_t));
        R_INF.trio_flag = (uint8_t*)realloc(R_INF.trio_flag, r_g->n_seq*sizeof(uint8_t));
        ruIndex->index = (uint32_t*)realloc(ruIndex->index, r_g->n_seq*sizeof(uint32_t));
        ruIndex->len = r_g->n_seq;
        for (k = pre_num_nodes; k < r_g->n_seq; k++)
        {
            ruIndex->index[k] = (uint32_t)-1;
            R_INF.trio_flag[k] = AMBIGU;
            (*coverage_cut)[k].del = 0;
            (*coverage_cut)[k].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
            (*coverage_cut)[k].s = 0;
            (*coverage_cut)[k].e = r_g->seq[k].len;
        }
    }
    

    for (v = 0; v < ruIndex->len; v++)
    {
        get_R_to_U(ruIndex, v, &uId, &is_Unitig);
        if(is_Unitig == 1) ruIndex->index[v] = (uint32_t)-1;
    }


    ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    kv_destroy(new_utg_edges);
    kv_destroy(hap_edges);
    kv_destroy(new_rtg_edges);
    kv_destroy(rbub_edges);
    kv_destroy(u_vecs.a);
    kv_destroy(chain_buffer.a);
    kv_destroy(chain_edges.a);
    kv_destroy(intervals.a);
}


void fix_binned_reads(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, uint64_t n_read, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();
    uint64_t i, binned_flag, binned_reads = 0, binned_error_reads = 0, reduce = 1;
    ma_sub_t max_left, max_right;
    while (reduce != 0)
    {    
        reduce = 0;
        binned_reads = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < n_read; ++i) 
        {
            if(coverage_cut[i].del) continue;
            binned_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[i];
            if(binned_flag == AMBIGU) continue;
            binned_reads++;
            max_left.s = max_right.s = Get_READ_LENGTH(R_INF,i);
            max_left.e = max_right.e = 0;
            collect_sides_trio(&(paf[i]), Get_READ_LENGTH(R_INF,i), &max_left, &max_right, binned_flag);
            collect_contain_trio(&(paf[i]), NULL, Get_READ_LENGTH(R_INF,i), &max_left, &max_right, 0.1,
            binned_flag);
            if(max_left.e > max_right.s)
            {
                R_INF.trio_flag[i] = AMBIGU;
                binned_error_reads++;
                reduce++;
                binned_reads--;
            } 
            /**
            if(max_left.e > max_right.s)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "\ni: %lu, reference: %.*s, len: %lu, %c\n", 
                    i, (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, i), Get_NAME(R_INF, i), 
                    Get_READ_LENGTH(R_INF, i), "apmaaa"[binned_flag]);

                for (uint64_t j = 0; j < paf[i].length; j++)
                {
                    if(R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(paf[i].buffer[j])] == binned_flag)
                    {
                        fprintf(stderr, "###Compatible, ");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        fprintf(stderr, "***Conflict, ");
                    }

                    fprintf(stderr, "%c, qs: %u, qe: %u, ts: %u, te: %u, len: %lu, %.*s\n", 
                    "apmaaa"[R_INF.trio_flag[Get_tn(paf[i].buffer[j])]],
                    Get_qs(paf[i].buffer[j]),
                    Get_qe(paf[i].buffer[j]),
                    Get_ts(paf[i].buffer[j]),
                    Get_te(paf[i].buffer[j]),
                    Get_READ_LENGTH(R_INF, Get_tn(paf[i].buffer[j])),
                    (int)Get_NAME_LENGTH(R_INF, Get_tn(paf[i].buffer[j])), 
                    Get_NAME(R_INF, Get_tn(paf[i].buffer[j])));
                }
            }
            **/
        }
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2f s\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "n_read: %lu, binned_reads: %lu, binned_error_reads: %lu\n", 
    (unsigned long)n_read, (unsigned long)binned_reads, (unsigned long)binned_error_reads);
}


void print_binned_reads(ma_hit_t_alloc* paf, uint64_t n_read, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut)
{
    uint64_t i, j, binned_flag;

    for (i = 0; i < n_read; ++i)
    {
        if(coverage_cut!=NULL && coverage_cut[i].del) continue;
        binned_flag = R_INF.trio_flag[i];
        fprintf(stdout, "\n***i: %u, binned_flag: %u\n", (uint32_t)i, (uint32_t)binned_flag);
        if(coverage_cut!=NULL)
        {
            fprintf(stdout, "coverage_cut[i].c: %u, coverage_cut[i].s: %u, coverage_cut[i].e: %u, coverage_cut[i].e: %u\n",
            coverage_cut[i].c, coverage_cut[i].s, coverage_cut[i].e, coverage_cut[i].del);
        }
        for (j = 0; j < paf[i].length; j++)
        {
            if(paf[i].buffer[j].del) continue;
            ///fprintf(stdout, "j: %u\n", (uint32_t)j);
            fprintf(stdout, "qn: %u, qs: %u, qe: %u, tn: %u, ts: %u, te: %u\n", 
            (uint32_t)Get_qn(paf[i].buffer[j]), (uint32_t)Get_qs(paf[i].buffer[j]), (uint32_t)Get_qe(paf[i].buffer[j]),
            (uint32_t)Get_tn(paf[i].buffer[j]), (uint32_t)Get_ts(paf[i].buffer[j]), (uint32_t)Get_te(paf[i].buffer[j]));
        }
    }
}



void debug_ma_hit_t(ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_sub_t *coverage_cut, long long num_sources,
int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    double startTime = Get_T();

    long long i, j, index;
    uint32_t qn, tn;
    ma_sub_t *sq = NULL;
    ma_sub_t *st = NULL;
    ma_hit_t *h = NULL;
    int32_t r_0, r_1;
    asg_arc_t t_0, t_1;
    fprintf(stderr, "start!\n");

    for (i = 0; i < num_sources; i++)
    {

        for (j = 0; j < sources[i].length; j++)
        {
            qn = Get_qn(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            tn = Get_tn(sources[i].buffer[j]);


            ///if(sources[i].buffer[j].del) continue;

            index = get_specific_overlap(&(sources[tn]), tn, qn);
            if(index == -1)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 0: qn: %u, tn: %u\n", qn, tn);
                continue;
            } 



            if(sources[i].buffer[j].del != sources[tn].buffer[index].del)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 2: qn: %u, tn: %u\n", qn, tn);
            }

            h = &(sources[i].buffer[j]);
            sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
            st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
            r_0 = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t_0);


            h = &(sources[tn].buffer[index]);
            sq = &(coverage_cut[Get_qn(*h)]);
            st = &(coverage_cut[Get_tn(*h)]);
            r_1 = ma_hit2arc(h, sq->e - sq->s, st->e - st->s, max_hang, 
                                asm_opt.max_hang_rate, min_ovlp, &t_1);
            t_0.ul=t_0.v=t_1.ul=t_1.v = 0;
            if(r_0 < 0 && r_1 < 0) continue;
            if((t_0.ul>>32) != (t_1.v^1)) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 3: qn: %u, tn: %u\n", qn, tn);
            if((t_1.ul>>32) != (t_0.v^1)) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR 4: qn: %u, tn: %u\n", qn, tn);
        }
    }

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] takes %0.2fs\n\n", __func__, Get_T()-startTime);
    }
}

void set_hom_global_coverage(hifiasm_opt_t *opt, asg_t *sg, ma_sub_t* coverage_cut, 
ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, R_to_U* ruIndex, int max_hang, int min_ovlp)
{
    if(opt->hom_global_coverage_set == 0)
    {
        ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
        ug = ma_ug_gen(sg);

        hap_cov_t *cov = init_hap_cov_t(ug, sg, sources, ruIndex, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0);
        purge_dups(ug, sg, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, ruIndex, NULL, 
        opt->purge_simi_thres, opt->purge_overlap_len, max_hang, min_ovlp, 0, 0, 1, cov, 0, 0);
        destory_hap_cov_t(&cov);

        ma_ug_destroy(ug);
    } 
}

void clean_sg_by_utg(asg_t *sg, ma_ug_t *ug)
{
    uint32_t i, v, n_vx, w, k, m, nv, vx, wx;
    asg_arc_t *av = NULL;
    ma_utg_t *u = NULL; 
    
    n_vx = sg->n_seq<<1;
    for (v = 0; v < n_vx; v++)
    {
        nv = asg_arc_n(sg, v);
        av = asg_arc_a(sg, v);
        for (m = 0; m < nv; m++) av[m].del = (!!1);
    }
    
    for (i = 0; i < ug->g->n_seq; ++i) 
    {
        if(ug->g->seq[i].del) continue;
        u = &(ug->u.a[i]);
        if(ug->g->seq[i].c == ALTER_LABLE)
        {
            for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
            {
                asg_seq_del(sg, u->a[k]>>33);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for (k = 0; (k + 1) < u->n; k++)
            {
                v = u->a[k]>>32; w = u->a[k+1]>>32;

                asg_arc_del(sg, v, w, 0);
                asg_arc_del(sg, w^1, v^1, 0);
            }

            v = i<<1;
            nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v); av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
            for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
            {
                if(av[k].del) continue;
                w = av[k].v;

                vx = (v&1?((ug->u.a[v>>1].a[0]>>32)^1):(ug->u.a[v>>1].a[ug->u.a[v>>1].n-1]>>32));
                wx = (w&1?((ug->u.a[w>>1].a[ug->u.a[w>>1].n-1]>>32)^1):(ug->u.a[w>>1].a[0]>>32));
                asg_arc_del(sg, vx, wx, 0); asg_arc_del(sg, wx^1, vx^1, 0);
            }

            v = (i<<1)+1;
            nv = asg_arc_n(ug->g, v); av = asg_arc_a(ug->g, v);
            for (k = 0; k < nv; k++)
            {
                if(av[k].del) continue;
                w = av[k].v;

                vx = (v&1?((ug->u.a[v>>1].a[0]>>32)^1):(ug->u.a[v>>1].a[ug->u.a[v>>1].n-1]>>32));
                wx = (w&1?((ug->u.a[w>>1].a[ug->u.a[w>>1].n-1]>>32)^1):(ug->u.a[w>>1].a[0]>>32));
                asg_arc_del(sg, vx, wx, 0); asg_arc_del(sg, wx^1, vx^1, 0);
            }
        }         
    }




    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    // ma_ug_t *dbg = ma_ug_gen(sg);
    // for (i = 0; i < ug->g->n_seq; ++i) 
    // {
    //     if(ug->g->seq[i].del) continue;
    //     if(ug->g->seq[i].c == ALTER_LABLE)
    //     {
    //         asg_seq_del(ug->g, i);
    //     }
    // }
    // for (i = 0; i < dbg->g->n_seq; ++i) 
    // {
    //     dbg->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
    //     EvaluateLen(dbg->u, v) = dbg->u.a[v].n;
    // }
    // cmp_untig_graph(dbg, ug);
    /*******************************for debug************************************/
}

void flat_bubbles(asg_t *sg, uint8_t* r_het)
{
    ma_ug_t *ug = NULL;
    ug = ma_ug_gen(sg);
    ma_utg_t *u = NULL; 
    uint32_t n_vtx = ug->g->n_seq<<1, v, convex, i, k, ori, is_het_b, is_het_s, n_pop = 0, pass_b, pass_s;
    long long nodeLen, baseLen, max_stop_nodeLen, max_stop_baseLen;
    buf_t b; memset(&b, 0, sizeof(buf_t)); b.a = (binfo_t*)calloc(n_vtx, sizeof(binfo_t));
    uint8_t* bs_flag = (uint8_t*)calloc(n_vtx, 1);
    uint64_t tLen = get_bub_pop_max_dist_advance(ug->g, &b), path, hom_occ, het_occ;
    
    for (v = 0; v < ug->g->n_seq; ++v) 
    {
        if(ug->g->seq[v].del) continue;
        ug->g->seq[v].c = PRIMARY_LABLE;
        EvaluateLen(ug->u, v) = ug->u.a[v].n;
    }

    n_pop = 1; ///round = 0;
    while(n_pop > 0)
    {
        for (v = n_pop = 0; v < n_vtx; ++v) 
        {
            if(ug->g->seq[v>>1].del) continue;
            if(asg_arc_n(ug->g, v) < 2) continue;
            if(get_real_length(ug->g, v, NULL) < 2) continue;
            if(bs_flag[v] == 1) continue;
            if(bs_flag[v] == 0) bs_flag[v] = 1;

            if(asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, NULL, v, tLen, &b, (uint32_t)-1, (uint32_t)-1, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0))
            {
                //note b.b include end, does not include beg
                for (i = path = 0; i < b.b.n; i++)
                {
                    if((b.b.a[i]>>1) == (v>>1) || (b.b.a[i]>>1) == (b.S.a[0]>>1))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                    path += ug->u.a[b.b.a[i]>>1].n;
                }



                bs_flag[v] = 2; bs_flag[b.S.a[0]^1] = 2;
                is_het_b = is_het_s = pass_b = pass_s = 0;
                //beg is v, end is b.S.a[0]
                b.b.n = 0;
                get_unitig(ug->g, NULL, v^1, &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                                                                        &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b);
                
                
                for (i = hom_occ = het_occ = 0; i < b.b.n; i++)
                {
                    u = &(ug->u.a[b.b.a[i]>>1]);
                    ori = b.b.a[i]&1;
                    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
                    {
                        if(r_het[(ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33))] == N_HET)
                        {
                            hom_occ++;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            het_occ++;
                        }
                        if(het_occ > ((het_occ+hom_occ)*0.85))
                        {
                            is_het_b = (het_occ+hom_occ);
                        }

                        if((het_occ+hom_occ) == MAX((path+1),5))
                        {
                            if(het_occ > ((het_occ+hom_occ)*0.7))
                            {
                                pass_b = 1;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                if(pass_b == 0) continue;
                

                b.b.n = 0;
                get_unitig(ug->g, NULL, b.S.a[0], &convex, &nodeLen, &baseLen, &max_stop_nodeLen, 
                                                                        &max_stop_baseLen, 1, &b);
                for (i = hom_occ = het_occ= 0; i < b.b.n; i++)
                {
                    u = &(ug->u.a[b.b.a[i]>>1]);
                    ori = b.b.a[i]&1;
                    for (k = 0; k < u->n; k++)
                    {
                        if(r_het[(ori == 1?(u->a[u->n-k-1]>>33):(u->a[k]>>33))] == N_HET)
                        {
                            hom_occ++;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            het_occ++;
                        }
                        if(het_occ > ((het_occ+hom_occ)*0.85))
                        {
                            is_het_s = (het_occ+hom_occ);
                        }

                        if((het_occ+hom_occ) == MAX((path+1),5))
                        {
                            if(het_occ > ((het_occ+hom_occ)*0.7))
                            {
                                pass_s = 1;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                if(pass_s == 0) continue;


                if(is_het_b > path && is_het_s > path && (is_het_b+is_het_s)>(path<<2))
                {
                    asg_bub_pop1_primary_trio(ug->g, NULL, v, tLen, &b, (uint32_t)-1, (uint32_t)-1, 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
                    n_pop++;
                }
            }
        }
        ///round++;
    }

    /*******************************for debug************************************/
    // kvec_t(uint64_t) occ_sort; kv_init(occ_sort);
    // for (v = n_pop = 0; v < ug->g->n_seq; ++v) 
    // {
    //     if(ug->g->seq[v].del) continue;
    //     if(ug->g->seq[v].c != ALTER_LABLE) continue;
    //     u = &(ug->u.a[v]);
        
    //     kv_push(uint64_t, occ_sort, (uint64_t)((uint32_t)(-1) - (uint32_t)(u->n)) << 32 | (v));
    // }
    // radix_sort_arch64(occ_sort.a, occ_sort.a + occ_sort.n);
    // for (i = 0; i < occ_sort.n; ++i) 
    // {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "-utg%.6ul, n=%u\n", ((uint32_t)occ_sort.a[i])+1, 
    //                                         (uint32_t)(-1) - (uint32_t)(occ_sort.a[i]>>32));
    // }
    // kv_destroy(occ_sort);
    /*******************************for debug************************************/

    clean_sg_by_utg(sg, ug);

    free(b.a); free(b.S.a); free(b.T.a); free(b.b.a); free(b.e.a);
    ma_ug_destroy(ug); free(bs_flag); 
}

char *get_outfile_name(char* output_file_name)
{
    char *buf = NULL;
    CALLOC(buf, strlen(output_file_name) + 25);
    if(ha_opt_triobin(&asm_opt) && ha_opt_hic(&asm_opt))
    {
        sprintf(buf, "%s.hic.bench", output_file_name);
    }
    else if(ha_opt_triobin(&asm_opt))
    {
        sprintf(buf, "%s.dip", output_file_name);
    }
    else if(ha_opt_hic(&asm_opt))
    {
        sprintf(buf, "%s.hic", output_file_name);
    }
    else if(asm_opt.flag & HA_F_PARTITION)
    {
        sprintf(buf, "%s.bp", output_file_name);
    }
    else
    {
        sprintf(buf, "%s", output_file_name);
    }

    return buf;
}

void clean_graph(
int min_dp, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long n_read, uint64_t* readLen, long long mini_overlap_length, 
long long max_hang_length, long long clean_round, long long gap_fuzz,
float min_ovlp_drop_ratio, float max_ovlp_drop_ratio, char* output_file_name, 
long long bubble_dist, int read_graph, R_to_U* ruIndex, asg_t **sg_ptr, 
ma_sub_t **coverage_cut_ptr, int debug_g)
{
    char *o_file = get_outfile_name(output_file_name);
	ma_sub_t *coverage_cut = *coverage_cut_ptr;
	asg_t *sg = *sg_ptr;
    bub_label_t b_mask_t;
    if(debug_g) 
    {
        init_bub_label_t(&b_mask_t, MIN(10, asm_opt.thread_num), sg->n_seq);
        goto debug_gfa;
    }

    ///just for debug
    renew_graph_init(sources, reverse_sources, sg, coverage_cut, ruIndex, n_read);

    ///it's hard to say which function is better       
    ///normalize_ma_hit_t_single_side(sources, n_read);
    normalize_ma_hit_t_single_side_advance(sources, n_read);
    normalize_ma_hit_t_single_side_advance(reverse_sources, n_read);
    if (ha_opt_triobin(&asm_opt))
    {
        drop_edges_by_trio(sources, n_read);
    }
    else
    {
        memset(R_INF.trio_flag, AMBIGU, R_INF.total_reads*sizeof(uint8_t));
    }
    ///print_binned_reads(sources, n_read, coverage_cut);

    clean_weak_ma_hit_t(sources, reverse_sources, n_read);
    ///ma_hit_sub is just use to init coverage_cut,
    ///it seems we do not need ma_hit_cut & ma_hit_flt
    ma_hit_sub(min_dp, sources, n_read, readLen, mini_overlap_length, &coverage_cut);
    detect_chimeric_reads(sources, n_read, readLen, coverage_cut, asm_opt.max_ov_diff_final * 2.0);
    
    ma_hit_cut(sources, n_read, readLen, mini_overlap_length, &coverage_cut);
    ///print_binned_reads(sources, n_read, coverage_cut);
    ma_hit_flt(sources, n_read, coverage_cut, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length);
    ///fix_binned_reads(sources, n_read, coverage_cut);
    ///just need to deal with trio here
    ma_hit_contained_advance(sources, n_read, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length);
    sg = ma_sg_gen(sources, n_read, coverage_cut, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length);

    ///debug_info_of_specfic_node((char*)"m64043_200504_050026/93784180/ccs", sg, ruIndex, (char*)"sbsbsb");
    init_bub_label_t(&b_mask_t, MIN(10, asm_opt.thread_num), sg->n_seq);

    asg_arc_del_trans(sg, gap_fuzz);

    asm_opt.coverage = get_coverage(sources, coverage_cut, n_read);

    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        char* unlean_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(output_file_name)+25);
        sprintf(unlean_name, "%s.unclean", output_file_name);
        output_read_graph(sg, coverage_cut, unlean_name, n_read);
        free(unlean_name);
    }

    asg_cut_tip(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
    ///debug_info_of_specfic_node("m64043_200505_112554/8849050/ccs", sg, "inner_1");
    ///drop_inexact_edegs_at_bubbles(sg, bubble_dist);
    
    if(clean_round > 0)
    {
        double cut_step;
        if(clean_round == 1)
        {
            cut_step = max_ovlp_drop_ratio;
        }
        else
        {
            cut_step = (max_ovlp_drop_ratio - min_ovlp_drop_ratio) / (clean_round - 1);
        }
        double drop_ratio = min_ovlp_drop_ratio;
        int i = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < clean_round; i++, drop_ratio += cut_step)
        {
            if(drop_ratio > max_ovlp_drop_ratio)
            {
                drop_ratio = max_ovlp_drop_ratio;
            }

            if(VERBOSE >= 1)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "\n\n**********%d-th round drop: drop_ratio = %f**********\n", 
                i, drop_ratio);
            }

            ///just topological clean
            pre_clean(sources, coverage_cut, sg, 1);
            ///asg_arc_del_orthology(sg, reverse_sources, drop_ratio, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
            // asg_arc_del_orthology_multiple_way(sg, reverse_sources, drop_ratio, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
            // asg_cut_tip(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/

            asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(sg, &b_mask_t, 1);
            //reomve edge between two chromesomes
            //this node must be a single read
            asg_arc_del_false_node(sg, sources, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
            asg_cut_tip(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/

            ///asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(sg, 1);
            asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(sg, &b_mask_t, 0);
            ///asg_arc_del_short_diploid_unclean_exact(sg, drop_ratio, sources);
            if (ha_opt_triobin(&asm_opt))
            {
                asg_arc_del_short_diploid_by_exact_trio(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip, sources);
            }
            else
            {
                asg_arc_del_short_diploid_by_exact(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip, sources);
            }
            asg_cut_tip(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
            /****************************may have bugs********************************/

            asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(sg, &b_mask_t, 1);
            if (ha_opt_triobin(&asm_opt))
            {
                asg_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length_trio(sg, drop_ratio, asm_opt.max_short_tip, reverse_sources, 
                asm_opt.max_short_tip, 1, 1, 0, 0, ruIndex);
            }
            else
            {
                asg_arc_del_short_diploid_by_length(sg, drop_ratio, asm_opt.max_short_tip, reverse_sources, 
                asm_opt.max_short_tip, 1, 1, 0, 0, ruIndex);
            }
            asg_cut_tip(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);

            asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(sg, &b_mask_t, 1);
            asg_arc_del_short_false_link(sg, 0.6, 0.85, bubble_dist, reverse_sources, asm_opt.max_short_tip, ruIndex);     

            asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(sg, &b_mask_t, 1);
            asg_arc_del_complex_false_link(sg, 0.6, 0.85, bubble_dist, reverse_sources, asm_opt.max_short_tip);

            asg_cut_tip(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
        }
    }
    if(VERBOSE >= 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "\n\n**********final clean**********\n");
    }


    pre_clean(sources, coverage_cut, sg, 1);


    asg_arc_del_short_diploi_by_suspect_edge(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
    asg_cut_tip(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);
    asg_arc_del_triangular_directly(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip, reverse_sources, ruIndex);


    asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(sg, &b_mask_t, 0);
    asg_arc_del_orthology_multiple_way(sg, reverse_sources, 0.4, asm_opt.max_short_tip, ruIndex);
    asg_cut_tip(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);




    asg_arc_identify_simple_bubbles_multi(sg, &b_mask_t, 0);
    asg_arc_del_too_short_overlaps(sg, 2000, min_ovlp_drop_ratio, reverse_sources, 
    asm_opt.max_short_tip, ruIndex);
    asg_cut_tip(sg, asm_opt.max_short_tip);

    asg_arc_del_simple_circle_untig(sources, coverage_cut, sg, 100, 0);
    ///note: don't apply asg_arc_del_too_short_overlaps() after this function!!!!
    rescue_contained_reads_aggressive(NULL, sg, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang_length, 
    mini_overlap_length, 10, 1, 0, NULL, NULL, &b_mask_t);
    rescue_missing_overlaps_aggressive(NULL, sg, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang_length,
    mini_overlap_length, 1, 0, NULL, &b_mask_t);
    rescue_missing_overlaps_backward(NULL, sg, sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang_length, 
    mini_overlap_length, 10, 1, 0, &b_mask_t);
    // rescue_wrong_overlaps_to_unitigs(NULL, sg, sources, reverse_sources, coverage_cut, ruIndex, 
    // max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length, bubble_dist, NULL);
    // rescue_no_coverage_aggressive(sg, sources, reverse_sources, &coverage_cut, ruIndex, max_hang_length, 
    // mini_overlap_length, bubble_dist, 10);


    set_hom_global_coverage(&asm_opt, sg, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, ruIndex, 
    max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length);

    ruIndex->is_het = rescue_bubble_by_chain(sg, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 0.15, 3, 
    ruIndex, 0.05, 0.9, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length, 10, gap_fuzz, &b_mask_t);

    output_unitig_graph(sg, coverage_cut, o_file, sources, ruIndex, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length);
    flat_bubbles(sg, ruIndex->is_het); free(ruIndex->is_het); ruIndex->is_het = NULL;
    
    output_contig_graph_primary_pre(sg, coverage_cut, o_file, sources, reverse_sources, 
        asm_opt.small_pop_bubble_size, asm_opt.max_short_tip, ruIndex, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length);

    if (asm_opt.flag & HA_F_VERBOSE_GFA)
    {
        write_debug_graph(sg, sources, coverage_cut, output_file_name, n_read, reverse_sources, ruIndex);
        debug_gfa:;
        set_hom_global_coverage(&asm_opt, sg, coverage_cut, sources, reverse_sources, ruIndex, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length);
    }

    if (ha_opt_triobin(&asm_opt) && ha_opt_hic(&asm_opt))
    {
        if(asm_opt.flag & HA_F_PARTITION) asm_opt.flag -= HA_F_PARTITION;
        benchmark_hic_graph(sg, coverage_cut, o_file, sources, reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 0.15, 3, 
        ruIndex, 0.05, 0.9, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length, &b_mask_t);
    }
    else if (ha_opt_triobin(&asm_opt))
    {   
        if(asm_opt.flag & HA_F_PARTITION) asm_opt.flag -= HA_F_PARTITION;
        output_trio_unitig_graph(sg, coverage_cut, o_file, FATHER, sources, 
        reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 0.15, 3, ruIndex, 
        0.05, 0.9, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length, 0, &b_mask_t);
        output_trio_unitig_graph(sg, coverage_cut, o_file, MOTHER, sources,
        reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 0.15, 3, ruIndex, 
        0.05, 0.9, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length, 0, &b_mask_t);
    }
    else if(ha_opt_hic(&asm_opt))
    {
        if(asm_opt.flag & HA_F_PARTITION) asm_opt.flag -= HA_F_PARTITION;
        output_hic_graph(sg, coverage_cut, o_file, sources, reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 
        0.15, 3, ruIndex, 0.05, 0.9, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length, gap_fuzz, &b_mask_t);
    }
    else if((asm_opt.flag & HA_F_PARTITION) && (asm_opt.purge_level_primary > 0))
    {
        output_bp_graph(sg, coverage_cut, o_file, sources, reverse_sources, (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 
        0.15, 3, ruIndex, 0.05, 0.9, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length, &b_mask_t);
    }
    else
    {
        if(asm_opt.flag & HA_F_PARTITION) asm_opt.flag -= HA_F_PARTITION;
        output_contig_graph_primary(sg, coverage_cut, o_file, sources, reverse_sources, 
        (asm_opt.max_short_tip*2), 0.15, 3, ruIndex, 0.05, 0.9, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length, &b_mask_t);

        output_contig_graph_alternative(sg, coverage_cut, o_file, sources, ruIndex, max_hang_length, mini_overlap_length);
    }

	*coverage_cut_ptr = coverage_cut;
	*sg_ptr = sg;
    destory_bub_label_t(&b_mask_t);
    free(o_file);
    fprintf(stderr, "Inconsistency threshold for low-quality regions in BED files: %u%%\n", asm_opt.bed_inconsist_rate);
}

void build_string_graph_without_clean(
int min_dp, ma_hit_t_alloc* sources, ma_hit_t_alloc* reverse_sources, 
long long n_read, uint64_t* readLen, long long mini_overlap_length, 
long long max_hang_length, long long clean_round, long long gap_fuzz,
float min_ovlp_drop_ratio, float max_ovlp_drop_ratio, char* output_file_name, 
long long bubble_dist, int read_graph, int write)
{
    R_to_U ruIndex;
    init_R_to_U(&ruIndex, n_read);
    asg_t *sg = NULL;
    ma_sub_t* coverage_cut = NULL;
        
    ///actually min_thres = asm_opt.max_short_tip + 1 there are asm_opt.max_short_tip reads
    min_thres = asm_opt.max_short_tip + 1;

    if (asm_opt.flag & HA_F_VERBOSE_GFA)
    {
        if(load_debug_graph(&sg, &sources, &coverage_cut, output_file_name, &reverse_sources, &ruIndex))
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "debug gfa has been loaded\n");
            
            clean_graph(min_dp, sources, reverse_sources, n_read, readLen, mini_overlap_length, 
            max_hang_length, clean_round, gap_fuzz, min_ovlp_drop_ratio, max_ovlp_drop_ratio, 
            output_file_name, bubble_dist, read_graph, &ruIndex, &sg, &coverage_cut, 1);
            asg_destroy(sg);
            free(coverage_cut);
            destory_R_to_U(&ruIndex);
            return;
        }
    }
    
    if (asm_opt.write_index_to_disk && write)
    {
        write_all_data_to_disk(sources, reverse_sources, 
        &R_INF, output_file_name);
    }

    ///debug_info_of_specfic_read("m64011_190830_220126/31720629/ccs", sources, reverse_sources, -1, "beg");

    if (!(asm_opt.flag & HA_F_BAN_ASSEMBLY))
    {
        try_rescue_overlaps(sources, reverse_sources, n_read, 4); 

        clean_graph(min_dp, sources, reverse_sources, n_read, readLen, mini_overlap_length, 
        max_hang_length, clean_round, gap_fuzz, min_ovlp_drop_ratio, max_ovlp_drop_ratio, 
        output_file_name, bubble_dist, read_graph, &ruIndex, &sg, &coverage_cut, 0);
        
        asg_destroy(sg);
        free(coverage_cut);
    }

    destory_R_to_U(&ruIndex);
}